Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) of coots (Gruiformes) and grebes (Podicipediformes): skin-inhabiting microfilariae and development in Mallophaga

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2803-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Bartlett ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chewing Louse ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Podiceps Grisegena

Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1861) was found among tendons near the ankle (tibiotarso-tarsometatarsalis articulation) in 11 of 15 adult coots (Fulica americana) from Brooks, Alberta, Canada, in 6 of 9 adult coots from Delta, Manitoba, Canada, and in 2 of 4 adult red-necked grebes (Podiceps grisegena) from Brooks. Microfilariae of P. fulicaeatrae were found in skin of the feathered portions of the legs of infected birds, generally in the dermis around feather follicles; this is the first report of skin-inhabiting microfilariae among avian filarioids. Development of P. fulicaeatrae to the third stage in the chewing louse Pseudomenopon pilosum (Scopoli) (Mallophaga: Amblycera) is described. Microfilariae and developing first-stage larvae were found in nymphal and adult lice but third-stage larvae were found only in adults; prevalence of third-stage larvae was significantly higher in females than in males. Adult P. fulicaeatrae were recovered from an experimentally inoculated, laboratory-reared coot and from laboratory-reared coots that had been housed with infected and infested wild-caught coots. Pelecitus fulicaeatrae is the first filarioid in the Dirofilariinae known to be transmitted by lice and the third found in birds. Pseudomenopon pilosum was found on 40 (85%) of 47 coots of undetermined ages from Alberta and Pseudomenopon dolium (Rudow) was found on all of 5 juvenile red-necked grebes also from Alberta. Possibly, P. pilosum occasionally transfers to grebes and (or) P. dolium also transmits P. fulicaeatrae.

Some observations on Pseudomenopon pilosum (Amblycera: Menoponidae), the louse vector of Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) of coots, Fulica americana (Aves: Gruiformes)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1328-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Bartlett ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Podiceps Grisegena

Breeding populations of Pseudomenopon pilosum (Scopoli, 1763) became established on 10 laboratory-reared juvenile American Coots (Fulica americana Gmelin) initially infested with 5 adult male and 5 adult female lice. Eggs of P. pilosum hatched less than 10 days after deposition and the combined duration of the three nymphal instars was 10–20 days. Nymphs and adults occupied all regions of the body. Pseudomenopon pilosum might thus acquire microfilariae of Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1861) by simply randomly moving to and feeding on the legs where, in infected coots, the skin-inhabiting microfilariae of P. fulicaeatrae are known mainly to occur. Pseudomenopon pilosum occurred on all of 13 adult coots and three 1-week-old coot chicks collected in June in western Canada where P. fulicaeatrae is enzootic. Third-stage larvae of P. fulicaeatrae were found in adult P. pilosum on two of four adult coots harbouring microfilariae, but prevalence in lice was low (5.5% of 18 lice on one coot and 1.1% of 90 on the second) and only one third-stage larva was present in each infected louse. Four other species of lice were present on adult coots but only one other on 1-week-old chicks. Experiments showed that P. pilosum could occur as a straggler on chickens (Gallus gallus (L.)) and Red-necked Grebes (Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert)) although it did not establish on either species.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

Bankruptcy Model Construction and its Limitation in Input Data Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Dana Kubíčková ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Nulíček ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

The aim of the research project solved at the University of Finance and administration is to construct a new bankruptcy model. The intention is to use data of the firms that have to cease their activities due to bankruptcy. The most common method for bankruptcy model construction is multivariate discriminant analyses (MDA). It allows to derive the indicators most sensitive to the future companies’ failure as a parts of the bankruptcy model. One of the assumptions for using the MDA method and reassuring the reliable results is the normal distribution and independence of the input data. The results of verification of this assumption as the third stage of the project are presented in this article. We have revealed that this assumption is met only in a few selected indicators. Better results were achieved in the indicators in the set of prosperous companies and one year prior the failure. The selected indicators intended for the bankruptcy model construction thus cannot be considered as suitable for using the MDA method.

How well do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Armstrong ◽  
Lorna Hogg ◽  
Pamela Charlotte Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Hearing Assessment ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Voice

The first stage of this project aims to identify assessment measures which include items on voice-hearing by way of a systematic review. The second stage is the development of a brief framework of categories of positive experiences of voice hearing, using a triangulated approach, drawing on views from both professionals and people with lived experience. The third stage will involve using the framework to identify any positve aspects of voice-hearing included in the voice hearing assessments identified in stage 1.

Pèlerinages barrésiens

2013 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Claire Bompaire-Evesque
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Joan Of Arc ◽  
The Third ◽  
National Importance ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Dead

This article is a inquiry about how Barrès (1862-1923) handles the religious rite of pilgrimage. Barrès stages in his writings three successive forms of pilgrimage, revealing what is sacred to him at different times. The pilgrimage to a museum or to the birthplace of an artist is typical for the egotism and the humanism of the young Barrès, expressed in the Cult of the Self (1888-1891). After his conversion to nationalism, Barrès tries to unite the sons of France and to instill in them a solemn reverence for “the earth and the dead” ; for that purpose he encourages in French Amities (1903) pilgrimages to historical places of national importance (battlefields; birthplace of Joan of Arc), building what Nora later called the Realms of Memory. The third stage of Barrès’ intellectual evolution is exemplified by The Sacred Hill (1913). In this book the writer celebrates the places where “the Spirit blows”, and proves open to a large scale of spiritual forces, reaching back to paganism and forward to integrative syncretism, which aims at unifying “the entire realm of the sacred”.

Controlled cord traction for the third stage of labour

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolundi T Mshweshwe ◽  
G Justus Hofmeyr ◽  
A Metin Gülmezoglu
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Controlled Cord Traction
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