Seasonal occurrence, recruitment, and maturation of Allocreadium lobatum Wallin, 1909 (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) in the fallfish, Semotilus corporalis Mitchell, in a New Brunswick, Canada, lake system

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Rand ◽  
Michael D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Semotilus Corporalis

The seasonal occurrence, recruitment, and maturation dynamics of Allocreadium lobatum (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) infecting the fallfish, Semotilus corporalis, from the Magaguadavic Lakes system, New Brunswick, Canada, were studied from May 1978 through July 1978 and from February 1979 through November 1980. Allocreadium lobatum has an annual cycle with both low mean intensity and low prevalence of infection occurring from July through September and increasing to high levels from November through May. Parasite recruitment, marked by the presence of a high percentage (≥ 58%) of immature and mature worms in fallfish, is greater from August through November but occurs intermittantly throughout the year. From February through July at least 60% of the parasite population is composed of gravid individuals which die after oviposition. The seasonality of parasite occurrence, recruitment, and maturation cycles is discussed in relation to temperature changes of the water, host diet, and trends in the occurrence of amphipods which are the second intermediate hosts of A. lobatum.

Occurrence of Bunodera luciopercae (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) in Fish from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wootten
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Mean Intensity

Perch, ruffe, brown trout and ten-spined stickleback from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex were found to be infected with Bunodera luciopercae in 1968–1969. Only perch were heavily infected. B. luciopercae showed an annual cycle of occurrence and maturation in perch. Mean intensity of infection with B. luciopercae increased to a maximum in perch 15–19.9 cms in length but decreased in larger and older fish. There was a significant positive association between the presence of B. luciopercae and that of the cestode Proteocephalus percae in perch, with both parasites occurring together more often than expected from chance alone.

The occurrence ofCaryophyllaeus laticepsin the naseChondrostoma nasusfrom Austrian rivers: possible anthropogenic factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jirsa ◽  
R. Konecny ◽  
C. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
First Record ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Chondrostoma Nasus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Anthropogenic Alterations ◽  
High Degree

AbstractBetween April 2003 and November 2006 a total of 198 naseChondrostoma nasus(L.) were examined for parasites from seven river sites in Austria. The selected sites showed different levels of anthropogenic alterations in river morphology ranging from pristine areas, with minor anthropogenic alterations, to strongly physically altered rivers. A variety of parasites were recovered from the skin, gills, swimbladder and eyes, withCaryophyllaeus laticeps(Pallas) being identified as the only cestode species occurring in the intestine. This is the first record of this species in nase in Austria.Caryophyllaeus laticepswas confined to the first 20% of the intestine, even in heavily infected hosts. The occurrence ofC. laticepswithin the fish population seems to be correlated with the degree of anthropogenic changes of the nase's habitat. In rivers with a high degree of ecological integrity or in rivers that are only partially dammed,C. laticepsis either absent inC. nasusor occurs with low prevalence (5.6–20%) and low mean intensity values (1.0–4.0). Where anthropogenic factors have changed the entire river into a reservoir, and fish cannot escape, the prevalence of infection withC. laticepsincreases from 46.2 to 78.2% and the mean intensity from 8.8 to 17.2.

First helminthological data on Iberian vipers: Helminth communities and host-parasite relationships

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Santos ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Freiría ◽  
Juan Pleguezuelos ◽  
Vicente Roca
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Helminth Communities ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Low Prevalence

AbstractEuropean vipers are ambush predators with sporadic feeding events, thereby maintaining the digestive tract empty for long periods. According to previous studies relating lizards’ dietary habits and their helminth faunas, we predict poor gastrointestinal helminth communities in vipers. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the digestive tract of 86 specimens of Vipera aspis (L., 1758) and V. latastei Boscá, 1878, from several localities of the Iberian Peninsula. We found adults of only two nematode species Kalicephalus viperae (Rud., 1819) and Ophidascaris sp. and cysts adhering to the external wall on the stomach in case of two other nematode species Ascarops strongylina (Rud., 1819) and Spirurida gen. sp. All these nematodes are common parasite species in snakes, although Ophidascaris sp. has never before been recorded in Vipera sp. The low prevalence and small number of parasite species in Iberian vipers matched their low feeding rates. However, our results contrast with studies in Poland and Belarus of V. berus species, in which nematodes, as well as trematodes, are common and abundant. Rainfall rates are lower in the Iberian Peninsula than in eastern Central Europe, where amphibians are more available and consumed by V. berus. Amphibians, intermediate hosts for these helminths, have been recorded only sporadically as prey for V. aspis and V. latastei, thus supporting the absence of trematodes in both Iberian viper species. Among populations of Iberian vipers, the prevalence of parasites correlates with the feeding rate (i.e. percentage of vipers with prey), suggesting a linkage between the two parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that several factors, including climatic characteristics of localities, feeding rates of predators, and type of prey consumed, influence the number and type of parasites in Iberian vipers.

Year-round presence of high levels of plasma antifreeze peptides in a temperate fish, ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth L. Fletcher ◽  
Choy L. Hew ◽  
Xiaomao Li ◽  
Katsuji Haya ◽  
Ming H. Kao
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Temperate Fish ◽  
Antifreeze Peptides ◽  
Antifreeze Activity

The annual cycle of plasma antifreeze activity and Na+ and Cl− concentrations were measured in Newfoundland and New Brunswick ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) maintained in the laboratory under Newfoundland conditions of water temperature and photoperiod. The Na+ and Cl− concentrations and antifreeze activity showed distinct seasonal cycles in both groups of fish, with the highest values occurring during the winter. Relatively high concentrations of antifreeze peptides were present in the Newfoundland ocean pout at all times of the year. Antifreeze peptides were also present in the New Brunswick fish throughout the year; however, the concentrations found were approximately one-tenth of those observed in Newfoundland fish. A comparison of the antifreeze peptides from summer and winter samples from Newfoundland ocean pout and winter samples from New Brunswick ocean pout using high performance liquid chromatography revealed essentially identical elution profiles.

Seasonal dynamics of the cestode fauna in spiny dogfish,Squalus acanthias(Squaliformes: Squalidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 940-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA PICKERING ◽  
JANINE N. CAIRA
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Spiny Dogfish ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
Ocean Environment

SUMMARYThis study furthers understanding of cestode infections in a marine environment through time and space by following seasonal fluctuations in infection parameters of three cestode species (Gilquinia squali, Trilocularia gracilisandPhyllobothrium squali) parasitizing spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the northwest Atlantic and comparing them to work previously published from the northeast Atlantic onT. gracilis. For each cestode species, host size, season and presence of the other cestode species were analysed using generalized linear models to determine if they were good predictors of prevalence and intensity. Infection parameters differed across season for the three cestode species. However, withinT. gracilisseasonal trends were found to be remarkably similar on both sides of the Atlantic, differing only in a somewhat delayed decline in prevalence in the northwest Atlantic. The differences seen in infection measures across cestode species likely reflect the unique life history strategies of different parasite species. While general trends appear to be maintained across disparate localities, variation seen is likely due to differences in accessibility to intermediate hosts and host diet across sites. The knowledge gained from understanding cestode infections in the vast ocean environment allows us to speculate about the factors driving fluctuations in parasite infections in elasmobranchs.

Influence of host diet and phylogeny on parasite sharing by fish in a diverse tropical floodplain

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. LIMA ◽  
S. BELLAY ◽  
H. C. GIACOMINI ◽  
A. ISAAC ◽  
D. P. LIMA-JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Ecological Importance

SUMMARYThe patterns of parasite sharing among hosts have important implications for ecosystem structure and functioning, and are influenced by several ecological and evolutionary factors associated with both hosts and parasites. Here we evaluated the influence of fish diet and phylogenetic relatedness on the pattern of infection by parasites with contrasting life history strategies in a freshwater ecosystem of key ecological importance in South America. The studied network of interactions included 52 fish species, which consumed 58 food types and were infected with 303 parasite taxa. Our results show that both diet and evolutionary history of hosts significantly explained parasite sharing; phylogenetically close fish species and/or species sharing food types tend to share more parasites. However, the effect of diet was observed only for endoparasites in contrast to ectoparasites. These results are consistent with the different life history strategies and selective pressures imposed on these groups: endoparasites are in general acquired via ingestion by their intermediate hosts, whereas ectoparasites actively seek and attach to the gills, body surface or nostrils of its sole host, thus not depending directly on its feeding habits.

Comparison of the effects of multiple variables on the levels of infection of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, in its intermediate host, the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yezerski ◽  
Y. Luyten ◽  
T. Dubiel
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Current Infection ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Times ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Feeding Development ◽  
Confused Flour Beetle

Abstract The interaction of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, with its intermediate beetle host, Tribolium confusum, is a well-studied model system. However, there is so much variation in the methods and designs of the studies that it is difficult to draw comparisons. This study simultaneously compared several aspects of the infection protocol including beetle age, sex, density and mating status; parasite egg condition, infection environment humidity and the times for the three steps of infection: starvation, feeding and post-feeding development. Although statistically limited by low prevalence and intensity levels, we were able to detect the relative effects of the variables. The effects of these variables on prevalence (percent infection) and intensity (mean number of cysticercoids) do not necessarily correlate with each other. Egg condition, reduced starvation times, higher beetle density and longer development times reduced prevalence. However, differences in intensity were only detected with older beetles. When coupled with survivorship data, our study found that our current infection protocol is optimal for infection success. However, the results suggest extending the study to other intermediate hosts and the inclusion of additional variables.

scholarly journals Infections of Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Wrestling Halfbeak, Dermogenys pusilla from Bangkok Metropolitan Region in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laddawan Patarwut ◽  
Thapana Chontananarth ◽  
Jong-Yil Chai ◽  
Watchariya Purivirojkul
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Head Part ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Digestion Methods

This study aimed to investigate metacercarial infections in the wrestling halfbeak, <i>Dermogenys pusilla</i>, collected from Bangkok metropolitan region of Thailand. A total of 4,501 fish from 78 study sites were commonly examined with muscle compression and digestion methods (only head part of fish) during September 2017 to July 2018. The overall prevalence of metacercarial infection was 86.1% (3,876/4,501 individuals), and the mean intensity was 48.9 metacercariae per fish infected. Four species, i.e., <i>Posthodiplostomum</i> sp., <i>Stellantchasmus falcatus</i>, Cyathocotylidae fam. sp., and <i>Centrocestus formosanus</i>, of digenetic trematode metacercariae (DTM) were detected. The prevalences were 65.8%, 52.0%, 2.1%, and 1.2%, respectively and their mean intensities were 23.1, 51.6, 1.4, and 3.2 per fish infected, respectively. The seasonal prevalences were 81.0% in winter, 87.8% in summer and 87.4% in rainy, and the mean intensities were 38.9, 46.6, and 55.2 metacercariae per fish infected, respectively. Conclusively, it was confirmed that the wrestling halfbeak play the role of second intermediate hosts of 4 species of digenetic trematodes including <i>S. falcatus</i> and <i>Posthodiplostomum</i> sp. in Bangkok metropolitan region. And then the metacercariae of <i>C. formosanus</i> and Cyathocotylidae fam. sp. are to be first found in the wrestling halfbeak by this study.

scholarly journals Seasonal occurrence of parasites of the major carp, Cirrhina mrigala (Hamilton) collected from Rajshahi, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuiyan ◽  
Sarmin Akther ◽  
Noor E Amena
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Argulus Foliaceus

The research work was conducted to find out the seasonal occurrence of parasites of the major carp, Cirrhina mrigala from different water bodies of Rajshahi district during April 2009 to January 2010. A total of 95 fishes were examined of which 72 fishes were infected. Thirteen species of parasites viz. Trichodina pediculatus, Chilodonella cyprini, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Apiosoma sp., Dactylogyrus vastator, Gyrodactylus elegans, Hirudo sp., Argulus foliaceus, Lernaea sp. Phyllodistomum agnotum, Eucreadium sp., Camallanus ophiocephali and Pallisentis sp. were recorded from the infected fishes. Among all the parasites G. elegans was the most dominant parasite and skin had been found as the most vulnerable site for parasitic infestation. The maximum infestation was observed in winter season and the minimum infestation was observed in rainy season.   Key words: Cirrhina mrigala; parasite; prevalence; abundance; mean intensity; infestation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9465 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 47-50

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