Diurnal periodicity of plasma Cortisol and corticosterone in desert bighorn sheep demonstrated by radioimmunoassay

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2659-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Desert Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Ranging

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for Cortisol and corticosterone was validated for desert bighorn sheep (Oviscanadensis cremnobates) plasma. Statistical and physiological validation of assay accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity demonstrated the RIA to be reliable. Coefficients for intra- and inter-assay variation were 1.20 and 2.35% for Cortisol and 3.50 and 3.97% for corticosterone, respectively. Sensitivity was 3.3 and 4.9 pg for cortisol and corticosterone, respectively. A distinct diurnal rhythm in plasma cortisol and corticosterone synchronous with photoperiod was found in free-ranging and captive bighorn sheep. A significant difference (P < 0.01) existed between the mean 24-h plasma cortisol concentration for captive (33.04 ± 5.97 ng/mL) and free-ranging (49.20 ± 8.17 ng/mL) bighorn. Corticosterone levels were not significantly distinct between captive and free-ranging bighorn. The mean scotophase cortisol concentration in free-ranging class III rams (60.97 ± 3.21 ng/mL) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the mean scotophase cortisol concentration (54.03 ± 5.97 ng/mL) of the free ranging group. Absence of group interactions in solitary rams may be sufficiently stressful so as to entrain increased plasma cortisol concentrations.

Seasonal variation of red blood cell survival in desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis cremnobates)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1227-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Desert Bighorn Sheep ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Free Ranging

The life-span of red blood cells (RBCs) in captive and free-ranging desert bighorn sheep was measured with [32P]diisopropylfluorophosphate. The mean winter RBC life-span (156.6 days) was not significantly affected by season for captive animals maintained on a high nutritional plane and water, ad libitum. Free-ranging bighorn demonstrated a significant (P < 0.001) difference between mean winter (155.9 days) and summer (203.9 days) RBC survival. Dehydration of captive bighorn significantly increased RBC survival, closely approximating that found in summer free-ranging animals. Desert bighorn RBCs exhibited an aseasonal facultative response to the availability of water. RBC life-span was significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 153.5 to 197.7 days in animals experiencing extreme dehydration. The large spleen, relative to body weight, may accommodate extensive fluctuations in total RBC volume measured during dehydration and rehydration, preventing premature RBC degradation and an increased water requirement.

A Study on Bolton Anterior Tooth Size Discrepancies among Different Malocclusion Groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
AW Ali ◽  
MZ Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bangladeshi Population

Aim: To investigate the correlation between anterior tooth size discrepancies among Angle's Class l, ll, lll malocclusions and corresponding normal occlusion, as well as their prevalence in Bangladeshi population. This study would act as a reference for diagnosis, treatment planning and assessment of prognosis in some orthodontic cases. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dhaka Dental College & Hospital. A total number of 200 subjects were selected in Angle's Class l, ll, lll and corresponding normal group. Each group had 50 subjects with males and females. A chi-square test was performed to statistically compare the prevalence of anterior tooth size discrepancies among Angle's Class l, ll, lll malocclusions and corresponding normal occlusion and two genders. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean Bolton anterior tooth size ratios as a function of angle classification and gender. Statistical differences were determined at the 95% confidence level (p< 0.05). Results: No significant difference was observed in the mean Bolton anterior ratio between normal group and class-I malocclusion group (p = 0.343). Significant differences were observed between Class-II malocclusion and normal group (p=0.001), and also between Class-III malocclusion and normal group (p = 0.001). Individuals with Angle Class lll and Class ll malocclusions showed significantly greater prevalence of tooth size discrepancy than Class l malocclusion and corresponding normal group. Conclusion: The great diversity and ethnic mix of Bangladeshi population should alert our orthodontist to use Bolton analysis as an important diagnostic tool and become aware of the moderate variations that may be present and treated. It may somehow guide planning of this type of study in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15982 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2011; Vol-1, No.2, 1-4

Urinary excretion of glycated protein determined with a specific radioimmunoassay

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuko Ukita ◽  
Mitsushige Nishikawa ◽  
Akira Shouzu ◽  
Mitsuo Inada
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Glycated Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract We developed a simple and highly sensitive RIA for glycated protein (GP), and used it to measure GP in serum and urine from 15 normal controls and 30 diabetics (14 with urinary excretion rate of albumin, Ualb less than 15 micrograms/min, group A; nine with 15 less than or equal to Ualb less than or equal to 150 micrograms/min, group B; and seven with Ualb greater than 150 micrograms/min, group C). The mean serum concentration of GP was above normal in all groups of diabetics, and the mean glycation ratios of serum protein (SGP) were higher in groups B and C than in normal subjects. Urinary concentrations of GP also were increased in groups B and C, although the glycation ratio of urinary protein (UGP) was decreased in group C. Consequently, the selectivity of urinary excretion of GP (UGP/SGP) was significantly decreased in group C. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean values of selectivity between groups of patients with various degrees of retinopathy. We suggest that measurements of serum and urinary GP are useful to evaluate the progression of diabetic complications.

scholarly journals The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Jeelani ◽  
◽  
Mubassar Fida ◽  
Attiya Shaikh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Class I ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females). Subjects were categorized into three classes (Class I = 81, Class II = 82, Class III = 67), according to the sagittal relationship established between the maxilla and the mandible. The cervical vertebral maturation stage was recorded by means of Baccetti's method. The mean ages at CS3 and CS4 and the CS3-CS4 age interval were compared between boys and girls and among three skeletal classes. Results: Pubertal growth peak occurred on average four months earlier in girls than boys (p = 0.050). The average duration of pubertal growth peak was 11 months in Class I, seven months in Class II and 17 months in Class III subjects. Interclass differences were highly significant (Cohen's d > 0.08). However, no significant difference was found in the timing of pubertal growth peak onset among three skeletal classes (p = 0.126 in boys, p = 0.262 in girls). Conclusions: Girls enter pubertal growth peak on average four months earlier than boys. Moreover, the duration of pubertal growth peak is on average four months shorter in Class II and six months longer in Class III subjects as compared to Class I subjects.

Plasma Cortisol Changes in Seawater-Adapted Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) Exposed to Ammonia

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Spotte ◽  
Gary Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temperature Constant

Seawater-adapted mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to total NH4-N concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L for periods of 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h. Afterward, the fish were captured quickly and anesthetized with MS-222 before blood was collected. The concentration of total NH4-N and duration of exposure accounted for, respectively, ~35 and <4% of the observed increase in plasma cortisol. The effective concentration (the concentration of total NH4-N inducing a mean cortisol response two standard deviations above the mean of the controls) was 47.14 mg/L, corresponding with a mean cortisol level of 13.44 μg/dL. Test concentrations of NH3-N were calculated from total NH4-N, pH, salinity, and temperature (constant at 20 °C), and the effects of both forms of ammonia on plasma cortisol concentration were compared. Significance was not detected at p < 0.05, demonstrating that total NH4-N and NH3-N explained the observed changes in cortisol levels similarly. Mean cortisol concentrations of mummichogs anesthetized and sampled in the field were comparable with published values and did not differ significantly from the mean value of captive control fish sampled after the same length of time in MS-222 (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Evaluating Distance between Vibrating Line and Fovea Palatinae in Class I, Class II and Class III Soft Palate Types

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Bharat Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Asma Naz ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Class I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mean distance between the vibrating line and fovea palatinae in Class I, Class II and Class III Soft Palate types. Methodology: This study was conducted at Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences Karachi among 197patients. Duration of study was six months. All patients were examined for vibrating line clinically, assessed using phonation method. Subsequently, distance between vibrating line and fovea paltatinae was measured with uncalibrated compass in various contours of soft palate. Results: Out of 197 patient, the vibrating line was seen in130 (64%) anterior to fovea palatinae, whereas, 67 (34%) vibrating line was at the fovea palatinae. The mean distance of those anterior located vibrating line from fovea palatine was calculated as 2.13 (±0.82) mm in Class, 2.07 (±0.69) mm in Class II and 1.80 (±0.82) mm in Class III soft palate contours. Statistical analysis showed no significant between gender, while statistically significant difference among age group and mean distance of anterior located vibrating line from fovea palatinae were found. Conclusions: The mean distance of vibrating line which is predominately found anterior to the fovea palatinae was 2.07 (±0.77) mm.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL AND HEMATOLOGIC REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR FREE-RANGING DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dori L. Borjesson ◽  
Mary M. Christopher ◽  
Walter M. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Desert Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Free Ranging

ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN THE AGED, ASSESSED BY THE RAPID CORTICOTROPHIN TEST (SYNACTHEN®)

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Blichert-Toft ◽  
M. Blichert-Toft
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACT 15 aged subjects, average age 81 years, were exposed to maximum corticotrophin stimulation. A single intravenous dose of 250 μg Synacthen was administered, and the changes in the plasma cortisol level were measured over the next 4 hours. 10 young subjects were included as controls. Both absolutely and relatively, the aged showed a completely adequate response. The maximum rise in cortisol concentration was observed 120 min after stimulation and was amounted to 24 μg/100 ml in the aged and 20.2 μg/100 ml in the young subjects. A significant difference in the level of the stimulation curve in the two age groups could not be demonstrated. The question is discussed whether the uniform rise in the plasma cortisol concentration in the young and the aged can be taken to support the theory of a reduced cortisol synthesis in the latter group.

Reduction of mitotic rate in the wool follicle by cortisol

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Scobie ◽  
PI Hynd
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Mitotic Rate ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Acute Changes

Cortisol reduces wool growth at the systemic and local level, but the minimum time for a response to take place has never been reported because the methods used to measure the changes require at least 4 days of wool growth. A technique using local intradermal colchicines to estimate mitotic rate in wool follicles has been used in the present study, and can measure changes in mitotic rate over periods as short as 2 h. Within the dose range 0 to 1000 8g, intradermal injections of cortisol into adrenalectomized sheep had no effect on mitotic rate in wool follicles within 6 h. Stimulation of endogenous release of cortisol using exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone in entire sheep, was similarly ineffective within 5 h. Further investigations using adrenalectomized sheep revealed that bolus injections of hydrocortisone also had no effect on mitotic rate within 5 h. A fourth experiment was conducted, in which 15 adrenalectomized sheep were infused with: a control infusate for 4 days, followed by this infusate containing cortisol at a rate equivalent to 0, 0.87 or 1-82 mg kg-1 day-1 for 4 days, followed by a further 4 days of control infusate. Five hours after the change from control to the cortisol infusate, there was no significant difference in mitotic rate between treatment groups when adjusted using mean mitotic rate in the pre-cortisol period as a covariate (P = 0.887). However, 29 h of infusion with cortisol was sufficient to bring about a significant reduction in mitotic rate (P = 0.034). During the following 3 days of cortisol infusion, mitotic rate was maintained at a significantly lower level in the treated groups (P = 0.018), with the greatest effect apparent in the group which received the highest dose of cortisol. At 53 h post-cortisol infusion, there was a significant recovery in both cortisol treated groups to mitotic rates significantly above those recorded in the pre-cortisol infusion period (P = 0.003), while mitotic rate remained unchanged in the group which received no cortisol. It is concluded that acute changes in plasma cortisol concentration are not likely to produce acute changes in wool growth, but a sustained elevation of plasma cortisol concentration will reduce the rate of wool growth by reducing mitotic rate in wool follicles.

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