ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN THE AGED, ASSESSED BY THE RAPID CORTICOTROPHIN TEST (SYNACTHEN®)

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Blichert-Toft ◽  
M. Blichert-Toft
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACT 15 aged subjects, average age 81 years, were exposed to maximum corticotrophin stimulation. A single intravenous dose of 250 μg Synacthen was administered, and the changes in the plasma cortisol level were measured over the next 4 hours. 10 young subjects were included as controls. Both absolutely and relatively, the aged showed a completely adequate response. The maximum rise in cortisol concentration was observed 120 min after stimulation and was amounted to 24 μg/100 ml in the aged and 20.2 μg/100 ml in the young subjects. A significant difference in the level of the stimulation curve in the two age groups could not be demonstrated. The question is discussed whether the uniform rise in the plasma cortisol concentration in the young and the aged can be taken to support the theory of a reduced cortisol synthesis in the latter group.

ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION TESTS IN DOGS WITH HYPERFUNCTIONING ADRENOCORTICAL TUMOURS

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MEIJER ◽  
A. A. M. E. LUBBERINK ◽  
A. RIJNBERK ◽  
R. J. M. CROUGHS
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumours ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumour

The response has been studied in nine dogs with hyperadrenocorticism due to adrenocortical tumours to the administration of dexamethasone, insulin, lysine-vasopressin and tetracosactide by measuring the changes in plasma cortisol concentration. Administration of dexamethasone did not produce a decrease in the plasma concentration of cortisol in any of these dogs. Administration of insulin caused slight increases in the plasma concentration of cortisol in four out of eight dogs. Lysine-vasopressin increased the plasma concentration of cortisol in eight out of nine dogs, three responded supranormally. Eight out of the nine dogs responded to tetracosactide administration, three responded supranormally. It is concluded that in the dog, in contrast to man, the lysine-vasopressin test cannot be used to differentiate between pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and hyperadrenocorticism due to an adrenocortical tumour. Apparently pituitary ACTH is not completely depleted in dogs with hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumours.

The effect of castration on plasma cortisol level and time budget in farmed guanaco calves (Lama guanicoe)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
B. Zapata ◽  
K. Fuentes ◽  
C. Bonacic ◽  
B. González ◽  
J.L. Riveros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Lama Guanicoe ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration

Castration is a routine procedure for male farm animals. The ethics of castration are widely debated because the procedure may potentially result in pain and distress. The indications for early castration in farmed guanacos are: 1) prevention of aberrant behaviour in human-imprinted males, 2) elimination of inter-male aggression, so that males may be housed together or with females, 3) avoidance of accidental breeding (Fowler, 1998). In addition, it has been argued (Molony and Kent, 1997) that to study the pain response to castration is ethically acceptable as the overall welfare of the animal is improved by the procedure. Guanaco farming has been recently established in South America, and there is therefore little information available on how guanacos respond to castration. The purpose of this study was to assess pain in farmed guanacos. The hypothesis was that pain experienced by guanacos due to castration may be displayed in behavioural and physiological changes, as has been reported in lambs, calves and piglets. The study was carried out in 2001 on four-month-old farmed male guanaco. Changes in plasma cortisol concentration and the frequency of specific daytime behavioural postures and activities following castration are reported.

Effects of small intestinal nutrient infusion on appetite and pyloric motility are modified by age

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. R755-R761 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Cook ◽  
J. M. Andrews ◽  
K. L. Jones ◽  
G. A. Wittert ◽  
I. M. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Lipid Infusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Pyloric Motility ◽  
Nutrient Infusion

The mechanisms responsible for the reduction in appetite and slowing of gastric emptying in older persons are unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of aging on small intestinal regulation of appetite and pyloric motility. Eight healthy older (age 65-75 yr) and seven healthy young (age 20-34 yr) male subjects received isocaloric (2.9 kcal/min) intraduodenal infusions of lipid and glucose for 120 min, each on separate days. During the intraduodenal infusions, perceptions of hunger, desire to eat, and fullness were assessed by visual analog scales. Pyloric motility (isolated pyloric pressure waves and tonic pyloric pressure) was measured by manometry during the intraduodenal lipid infusion. On each day, after completion of the intraduodenal nutrient infusion the subject was offered a buffet meal and food intake was quantified. Before intraduodenal nutrient infusions, sensations of hunger (P < 0.01) and desire to eat (P < 0.05) were less in the older compared with the young subjects. In the young, intraduodenal lipid suppressed hunger to a greater extent than intraduodenal glucose (P < 0.05). In older persons, neither intraduodenal nutrient infusion suppressed hunger. Intraduodenal lipid and glucose increased fullness in both age groups (P < 0.05 for both), with no significant difference between the two nutrients. There was no significant difference in food intake from the buffet meal between the elderly and young subjects. Intraduodenal lipid infusion stimulated phasic pyloric pressure waves in both age groups (P < 0.01 for both), and this response was greater (P < 0.05) in older persons. There was an increase (P < 0.01) in tonic pyloric pressure during intraduodenal lipid infusion that was not significantly different between the two age groups. We conclude that the effect of small intestinal lipid infusion on hunger is attenuated, and the stimulation of phasic pyloric pressure waves increased in healthy older persons compared with healthy young males. Increased feedback from small intestinal nutrients does not appear to be responsible for the physiological anorexia of aging.

Character introductions in oral narratives of Swedish–German bilingual preschoolers

2020 ◽  
pp. 014272371989744
Author(s):  
Josefin Lindgren ◽  
Valerie Reichardt ◽  
Ute Bohnacker
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Information Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Old Swedish ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Two Age Groups

Closely related Swedish and German both mark information status of referents morphologically, though little is known about its acquisition. This study investigates character introductions in the narratives of 4- and 6-year-old Swedish–German bilinguals ( N = 40) in both languages, elicited with MAIN Cat/Dog. We analyse effects of age group, language and animacy (human vs nonhuman characters) on the type of referring expression (indefinite NP and pronoun), as well as effects of language proficiency and exposure on the use of indefinite NPs for each language. We also explore which syntactic constructions indefinite NPs occur in. A significant difference was found between the two age groups, but not between languages. No effect was found of language skills or exposure. Four-year-olds used more pronouns and a lower proportion of indefinite NPs than 6-year-olds. Pronouns were more frequent for the human character than for nonhuman animate characters. Whilst animacy (humanness) promoted the use of pronouns, it did not affect the choice of morphological form for lexical NPs (indefinite/definite). The age groups differed in how indefinite NPs were used. Four-year-olds produced fewer narrative presentations (where a character is introduced as part of a typical story opening, e.g. Once upon a time there was a cat) than 6-year-olds, and more labellings (with only an NP, or a clausal predicative, e.g. That’s a cat). Qualitative analyses suggest that the children’s indefinite NPs in labelling constructions can be both referential (when setting the narrative scene), and type-denoting (when naming referents in individual pictures). Whilst the children’s abilities to introduce story characters develop measurably from 4 to 6 years in Swedish and German, appropriateness of character introductions not only depends on whether an indefinite NP is chosen, but also on the syntactic construction this indefinite NP is used in.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Urban Children of Two Age Groups in Relation to Their Antibiotic Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 3005-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Literak ◽  
Radim Petro ◽  
Monika Dolejska ◽  
Erika Gruberova ◽  
Hana Dobiasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTThe study was performed in the Czech Republic during 2007 to 2009. OfEscherichia coliisolates from 275 children aged 6 weeks, 36% (n= 177) were resistant to 1 to 7 antibiotics. Of isolates from 253 children aged 6 to 17 years, 24% (n= 205) were resistant to 1 to 5 antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the prevalences of antibiotic-resistantE. coliisolates between these groups of children, even though the consumptions of antibiotics were quite different.

The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine infused into the third cerebral ventricle on the plasma cortisol concentration in sheep subjected to repeated and prolonged stress stimuli

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Domański ◽  
E. Stupnicka ◽  
F. Przekop ◽  
E. Wolińska-Witort
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Prolonged Stress

Abstract. It has previously been observed that sheep subjected to repeated and prolonged stress stimuli showed biphasic cortisol responses. On the first and second day of stimulation an elevation was observed, while on the subsequent days and on the day after the stimulation a marked suppression of plasma cortisol level and a disappearance of its circadian rhythm was noted. It was hypothesized that these changes in the secretion of the hormone were caused by the alteration of catecholaminergic systems in the CNS. To verify this suggestion chemical lesions of the catecholergic systems of the diencephalon were carried out by the infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the third cerebral ventricle and animals treated in this fashion were subjected to repeated and prolonged electrical mild footshocking (applied during 3 days). The pretreated animals lost the circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion on the days before as well as during and after the electrical stimulation. The animals pretreated with 6-OHDA showed a significant rise of the plasma cortisol level during stimulation. This rise, as the highest daily concentration, occurring within about 1 h after the beginning of footshocking, was significantly accelerated in time with respect to the physiological acrophase, occurring in the early morning hours at the end of prestimulatory days. On the other hand, the pretreated animals did not show the decrease of plasma cortisol levels on the day after the stimulation, observed in normal non-pretreated ones. It is suggested that the absence of the suppression of plasma cortisol concentration in the animals pretreated with 6-OHDA on the day after the stimulation may be due to the blockade of the ventral noradrenergic bundle innervating the medial basal hypothalamus, while disappearance of the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion was due to the disturbance in the function of retinohypothalamic projection.

Depression Among Tunisian Young Mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s244-s244
Author(s):  
O. Zerriaa ◽  
O. Moula ◽  
S. Ben Saadi ◽  
S. Chebli ◽  
R. Ghachem
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
University Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Transversal Study ◽  
Two Age Groups

IntroductionIn the Tunisian cultural context, the mother is in charge of childcare, housekeeping and the well-being of the whole family, which can lead to exhaustion and depression.ObjectiveTo estimate the frequency of depression among mothers aged between 20 and 40 years, its consequences and the possible solutions.MethodTransversal study using an anonymous questionnaire of 26 questions published through social media sites to mother with young aged children.ResultsThree hundred and twenty-seven mothers participated in the study: 20% of them aged between 20 and 30 years and 80% between 30 and 40. Ninety-seven percent of the participants were married; 96% of them had university education. Seventy-nine percent of them were working mothers and 50% of them did not get any help in childcare. Forty-two percent of the participants had only 1 child, 49% had 2 children, 8% 3 children and only 1 mother had 4 children. Depressive symptoms were present in 73% of the participants and were significantly higher among mothers aged between 30 and 40. However, depression was certain in only 36% of them and there was no significant difference between the two age groups. Eighteen percent of the participants noticed an increase in consummation of cigarettes, 31% resorted to tranquilizers, 25% needed sick leaves, and 2% resorted to alcohol use. Less working hours was suggested as a solution in 36% cases, sharing house chores in 30% cases.ConclusionDepression among young mother is a public health problem in Tunisia. It is underestimated and not always treated, which can have a serious impact on the whole family well-being.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Association between comorbidities and death from COVID-19 in different age groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Emanuel Fleitas ◽  
Maria Cristina Almazan ◽  
Sabrina Daniela Cortez ◽  
Jorge Augusto Paz ◽  
Ruben Oscar Cimino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Two Age Groups

Background: This new COVID-19 pandemic challenges health systems around the world; therefore, it is extremely important to determine which patients with COVID-19 can evolve to more severe outcomes. Accordingly, we decided to assess the role that comorbidities play in death from COVID-19. Methods: Two age groups (<60 and ≥ 60 years) were defined for analysis. Decision trees were made to identify which comorbidities had the highest fatality rate (FR). Multiple logistic regressions were performed to measure the association between comorbidities and death. Results: A significant difference was found between the FR of <60 group and ≥ 60 group. The most frequent comorbidity were cardiac diseases and diabetes. The combination of comorbidities with the highest FR was diabetes with kidney disease. Combinations of more than two comorbidities presented higher FR. The comorbidities had higher Odd ratios in the younger group than in the older group. Conclusions: Comorbidities seem to play a greater role in death from COVID-19 in the younger group, while in the ≥ 60 group, age seems to be the most important factor. We assigned a score to the comorbidities and their combinations for both age groups to help the health personnel make decisions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Speech Disfluencies in Children Aged 10-12 Years and Adults, Native Russian Speakers

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Slabodkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Children Speech ◽  
Two Age Groups

The article presents a psycholinguistic study of the oral speech of pre-adolescent Russian speakers. The current study compared the quantitative characteristics of speech disfluencies (silent and filled hesitation pauses, false starts, and repetitions among them) on the material of two corpora of oral texts: one of which was an annotated transcript of dialogues of children asged 10-12 solving in pairs a certain problem, and the second corpus consisted of dialogues between adults in the identical situation. Through the comparison of the two corpora, the author aimed at determining differences in speech behavior of two age groups put in the same conditions. The analysis of the collected data showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the two samples in the number of silent pauses and their length between the interlocutors’ utterances, as well as by one of the types of repairs, which may indicate the ongoing development of certain speech skills in children of this age. These results support the theory of late discursive development which indicates the need for further comprehensive research of pre-adolescent children speech, even though this period traditionally is neglected by researchers.

scholarly journals SPENDING PATTERNS ON MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN SURABAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Mariana Ing Malelak ◽  
Nathania Mirabel Halim
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Age Groups

This study aims to examine spending patterns in the millennial generation in Surabaya. Respondents of this study were the millennial generation who were divided into two age groups, namely 21-28 years old, who were referred to as junior millennials, and those aged 29-36 years who were referred to as senior millennials. The analysis technique used is a crosstab to examine the relationship between age and spending pattern of the millennial generation and an independent-sample t-test to test the difference between the spending pattern of the junior millennials and senior millennials. This study showed a significant relationship between age and spending pattern on the millennial generation, and there is a significant difference between the spending pattern of the junior millennials and senior millennials.

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