Plasma Cortisol Changes in Seawater-Adapted Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) Exposed to Ammonia

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Spotte ◽  
Gary Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temperature Constant

Seawater-adapted mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to total NH4-N concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L for periods of 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h. Afterward, the fish were captured quickly and anesthetized with MS-222 before blood was collected. The concentration of total NH4-N and duration of exposure accounted for, respectively, ~35 and <4% of the observed increase in plasma cortisol. The effective concentration (the concentration of total NH4-N inducing a mean cortisol response two standard deviations above the mean of the controls) was 47.14 mg/L, corresponding with a mean cortisol level of 13.44 μg/dL. Test concentrations of NH3-N were calculated from total NH4-N, pH, salinity, and temperature (constant at 20 °C), and the effects of both forms of ammonia on plasma cortisol concentration were compared. Significance was not detected at p < 0.05, demonstrating that total NH4-N and NH3-N explained the observed changes in cortisol levels similarly. Mean cortisol concentrations of mummichogs anesthetized and sampled in the field were comparable with published values and did not differ significantly from the mean value of captive control fish sampled after the same length of time in MS-222 (p < 0.05).

PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF CORTISOL IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND SODIUM CHLORIDE-ADAPTED GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS L.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUELINE PORTHÉ-NIBELLE ◽  
BRAHIM LAHLOU
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration

SUMMARY Plasma cortisol concentrations, measured by competitive protein-binding, were examined in intact and hypophysectomized goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) adapted to fresh water or to 210 mm-sodium chloride solutions. The mean plasma cortisol concentration of freshwater-adapted fish (6·6 ± 1·8 (s.e.m.) μg/100 ml plasma) increased after stress and intraperitoneal injections of mammalian corticotrophin. Hypophysectomy resulted in a reduction in plasma cortisol concentration to about 2 μg/100 ml plasma. Transfer of fish to sodium chloride solutions caused rapid, but transitory increases in the plasma cortisol concentrations in intact, but not in hypophysectomized fish. After 3 days in the sodium chloride solution the cortisol levels were similar to those of control fish kept in fresh water. The plasma concentrations of this corticosteroid in goldfish appear to be unrelated to external salinity, although a 'mineralocorticoid' action of the hormone cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals A Simple Radioimmunoassay for Plasma Cortisol: Comparison with the Fluorimetric Method of Determination

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Carr ◽  
R. P. Millar ◽  
H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fluorimetric Method ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Line Slope

A quick and simple method for the radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol is described. The mean morning plasma cortisol concentration in 43 normal subjects was 9.8 ± 3.1 (S.D.) μg/100 ml with a range of 5.0–19.5 μg/100 ml. Mean midnight concentration in 24 normal subjects was 4.3 ± 2.3 (S.D.) μg/100 ml with a range of 1.4–9.6 μg/100 ml. When compared with the fluorimetric method the mean results by radioimmunoassay of 154 routine specimens were 23% lower. In samples from unstimulated patients, regression analysis of results obtained by the two methods gave a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.93, regression line slope of 1.1, and intercept of 1.4 μg. Mean radioimmunoassay results were 15% lower. When plasma cortisol concentration was above the normal range (>30 μg/100 ml) the regression line slope was 0.87, the intercept 17.9 μg, r = 0.87 and mean radioimmunoassay results were 37% lower. Plasma cortisol concentration in patients after insulin or Synacthen stimulation exhibited similar responses when measured by either method. Plasma cortisol concentration in normal subjects given metyrapone was lower when measured by radioimmunoassay (mean ± S.D. = 8.7 ± 2.7 μg/100 ml) than when measured by fluorimetry (18.5 ± 10.8 μg/100 ml). The diagnostic usefulness of the two methods, ease of assay, and costs are compared.

scholarly journals Hyperreninaemic hypoaldosteronism in a dog : case report

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Lobetti
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Basal Plasma

A 9-year-old male German shepherd dog was evaluated for clinical and clinico-pathological changes that were suggestive of Addison's disease. On further investigation the basal plasma cortisol concentration was high, a normal cortisol response to ACTH stimulation occurred, plasma renin activity was elevated and low serum aldosterone concentration was present. A diagnosis of hyperreninaemic hypoaldosteronism was made. Replacement fludrocortisone resulted in complete normalisation of the electrolyte and fluid imbalances. Hyperreninaemic hypoaldosteronism has never been reported in the dog.

scholarly journals The Effect of Topical Anaesthesia on the Cortisol Responses of Calves Undergoing Dehorning

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Espinoza ◽  
Sabrina Lomax ◽  
Peter Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Future Work

Dehorning causes pain and distress to cattle, and there is a need to provide effective and practical analgesia to improve animal welfare. We conducted an experiment to determine the effect of a modified post-operative topical wound management formulation containing two local anaesthetics (TA) on the plasma cortisol concentration (PCC) of scoop-dehorned calves. Two months old Holstein-Friesian heifer calves (n = 30) were randomly allocated to sham dehorning control (CON), scoop dehorning (D), or scoop dehorning with immediate post-operative application of the TA (DTA). Blood samples were obtained via jugular venepuncture prior to sham or actual dehorning, and 40 min, 1.5, 4 and 24 h later. PCC changed significantly over time (p < 0.01). There was a trend for lower PCC in DTA calves compared to D calves (p = 0.09), with the PCC area under the curve lowest in CON calves as compared to D and DTA calves (p = 0.02). Cortisol concentrations were similar between D and DTA at all time points. The TA did not reduce cortisol concentrations up to 24 h following treatment and the cortisol response likely reflects the pain induced by the procedure, the effect of handling and restraint, and haemorrhaging which limited adherence of the TA actives. A multimodal analgesic approach, as assessed through multiple pain indicators, should be the focus of future work.

ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN AND CORTICOSTEROID CHANGES DURING DEXAMETHASONE INFUSION TO INTACT AND SYNACTHEN INFUSION TO HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FOETUSES

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Jones ◽  
J. Z. Kendall ◽  
J. W. K. Ritchie ◽  
J. S. Robinson ◽  
G. D. Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Corticosteroid Response

ABSTRACT Synacthen has been infused at 10 μg/h into 4 hypophysectomized foetal sheep. This caused a rise in adrenocorticotrophin to a mean value of 512 pg/ml which remained fairly constant and did not show the large fluctuations seen on infusion into intact foetuses. The Synacthen half-life in the circulation had a mean value of 0.27 min. Hypophysectomy did not necessarily delay the foetal corticosteroid response to Synacthen infusion. The corticosteroid concentration achieved had a mean value of about 50 ng/ml which is substantially below that for intact foetuses and in one case it was maintained at only 20 ng/ml. Despite this delivery occurred within 5 days. Dexamethasone infusion reduced the plasma adrenocorticotrophin concentration by about 70 % and the plasma cortisol concentration by about 60 %.

Intrauterine growth restriction delays surfactant protein maturation in the sheep fetus

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (4) ◽  
pp. L575-L583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Orgeig ◽  
Tamara A. Crittenden ◽  
Ceilidh Marchant ◽  
I. Caroline McMillen ◽  
Janna L. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Pulmonary surfactant is synthesized by type II alveolar epithelial cells to regulate the surface tension at the air-liquid interface of the air-breathing lung. Developmental maturation of the surfactant system is controlled by many factors including oxygen, glucose, catecholamines, and cortisol. The intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetus is hypoxemic and hypoglycemic, with elevated plasma catecholamine and cortisol concentrations. The impact of IUGR on surfactant maturation is unclear. Here we investigate the expression of surfactant protein (SP) A, B, and C in lung tissue of fetal sheep at 133 and 141 days of gestation (term 150 ± 3 days) from control and carunclectomized Merino ewes. Placentally restricted (PR) fetuses had a body weight <2 SD from the mean of control fetuses and a mean gestational PaO2<17 mmHg. PR fetuses had reduced absolute, but not relative, lung weight, decreased plasma glucose concentration, and increased plasma cortisol concentration. Lung SP-A, -B, and -C protein and mRNA expression was reduced in PR compared with control fetuses at both ages. SP-B and -C but not SP-A mRNA expression and SP-A but not SP-B or -C protein expression increased with gestational age. Mean gestational PaO2was positively correlated with SP-A, -B, and -C protein and SP-B and -C mRNA expression in the younger cohort. SP-A and -B gene expression was inversely related to plasma cortisol concentration. Placental restriction, leading to chronic hypoxemia and hypercortisolemia in the carunclectomy model, results in significant inhibition of surfactant maturation. These data suggest that IUGR fetuses are at significant risk of lung complications, especially if born prematurely.

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE AND CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN MAN

1960 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Release Factor ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Rapid Infusion ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Corticotrophin Release Factor ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

SUMMARY Plasma cortisol concentrations increased after injections of nicotine. This increase was variable and was no greater than that seen after substitution of normal saline for nicotine. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not increase after nicotine in patients with hypopituitarism and after inhibition of corticotrophin release with triamcinolone. It is concluded that the increased plasma cortisol concentration after injection of nicotine was due to non-specific pituitary stimulation associated with the experimental procedure and not due to any direct effect of the nicotine. Nicotine resulted in a similar increase in plasma cortisol in four patients with diabetes insipidus. Neither rapid infusion of hypertonic mannitol nor ingestion of ethanol had a consistent effect on the plasma cortisol concentration. It is therefore concluded that the antidiuretic hormone is not the 'corticotrophin release factor' in man.

Seasonal variation in plasma cortisol concentration during pregnancy and the puerperium

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDITH M. BAKER ◽  
SHEILA L. HANDLEY ◽  
GILL WALDRON ◽  
T. LESLIE DUNN
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration
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