The polytene chromosomes of North American blackflies in the Eusimulium canonicolum group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2097-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor I. Golini ◽  
Klaus Rothfels
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
North American ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Cohesive Group ◽  
And Inversion

The polytene chromosomes of four taxa are described. These are (i) Eusimulium canonicolum Dyar and Shannon from four sites in Alberta; (ii) Eusimulium emarginatum (Davies, Peterson &Wood) from sites in Ontario, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania; (iii) Eusimulium euryadminiculum (Davies) with samples from Newfoundland, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; and (iv) "Hinton," an undescribed species from western Alberta. These four taxa form a cytologically cohesive group, and they are characterized in terms of fixed inversion differences, sex differential segments, and inversion polymorphisms. Polytene chromosome idiograms and a cytophylogeny are presented. The morphologically related Eusimulium johannseni (Hart) is excluded on the grounds of its stronger chromosomal affiliation with the Eusimulium vernum group.

A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona F. Hunter ◽  
Victoria Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species Complexes

Using the banding pattern of Eusimulium vernum (Macquart) as a standard, the polytene chromosomes of seven North American members of the vernum group are described. These are Eusimulium aestivum (Davies, Peterson, and Wood), E. impar (Davies, Peterson, and Wood), E. gouldingi (Stone), E. croxtoni (Nickolson and Mickel), E. pugetense Dyar and Shannon, E. quebecense (Twinn), and an undescribed species provisionally designated Simulium sp. near furculatum/croxtoni. Two of these species, pugetense and quebecense, apparently are sibling species complexes. An inversion cladogram separates the seven species into two distinct lineages; aestivum, impar, pugetense, and quebecense belong to one and gouldingi, croxtoni, and Simulium sp. to the other.

The endocycle controls nurse cell polytene chromosome structure during Drosophila oogenesis

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Dej ◽  
A.C. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Diploid Cells ◽  
Polytene Nuclei

Polytene chromosomes exhibit intricate higher order chromatin structure that is easily visualized due to their precisely aligned component strands. However, it remains unclear if the same factors determine chromatin organization in polyploid and diploid cells. We have analyzed one such factor, the cell cycle, by studying changes in Drosophila nurse cell chromosomes throughout the 10 to 12 endocycles of oogenesis. We find that nurse cells undergo three distinct types of endocycle whose parameters are correlated with chromosome behavior. The first four endocycles support complete DNA replication; poorly banded polytene euchromatin progressively condenses during the late S phases to produce blob-like chromosomes. During the unique fifth endocycle, an incomplete late S phase is followed by a mitosis-like state during which the 64C chromosomes dissociate into 32 chromatid pairs held together by unreplicated regions. All the subsequent endocycles lack any late S phase; during these cycles a new polytene chromosome grows from each 2C chromatid pair to generate 32-ploid polytene nuclei. These observations suggest that euchromatin begins to condense during late S phase and that nurse cell polytene chromosome structure is controlled by regulating whether events characteristic of late S and M phase are incorporated or skipped within a given endocycle.

Mitotic and polytene chromosome analysis in the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Garcia-Martinez ◽  
E. Hernandez-Ortiz ◽  
C. S. Zepeta-Cisneros ◽  
A. S. Robinson ◽  
A. Zacharopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Diploid Complement ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Characteristic Features

The present study constitutes the first attempt to construct a polytene chromosome map of an Anastrepha species, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), a major agricultural pest. The mitotic karyotype has a diploid complement of 12 acrocentric chromosomes, including five pairs of autosomes and an XX/XY sex chromosome pair. The analysis of salivary gland polytene chromosomes has shown a total number of five polytene elements that correspond to the five autosomes. The characteristic features and the most prominent landmarks of each chromosome are described. By comparing chromosome banding patterns, the possible chromosomal homology between A. ludens and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) is presented. This work shows that polytene maps of A. ludens are suitable for cytogenetic studies in this species and may be used as reference for other Anastrepha species, most of which are also serious agricultural pests.

Photographic polytene chromosome maps for Glossina morsitans submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae): cytogenetic analysis of a colony with sex-ratio distortion

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gariou-Papalexiou ◽  
G Yannopoulos ◽  
A Zacharopoulou ◽  
R H Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Sex Ratio Distortion ◽  
Pharate Adult

Photographic polytene chromosome maps from trichogen cells of pharate adult Glossina morsitans submorsitans were constructed. Using the standard system employed to map polytene chromosomes of Drosophila, the characteristic landmarks were described for the X chromosome and the two autosomes (L1 and L2). Sex-ratio distortion, which is expressed in male G. m. submorsitans, was found to be associated with an X chromosome (XB) that contains three inversions in each arm. Preliminary data indicate no differences in the fecundity of XAXA and XAXB females, but there are indications that G. m. submorsitans in colonies originating from Burkina Faso and Nigeria have genes on the autosomes and (or) the Y chromosome that suppress expression of sex-ratio distortion.Key words: tsetse, Glossina morsitans submorsitans, polytene chromosome maps, inversions, sex-ratio distortion.

scholarly journals A three-dimensional structural dissection of Drosophila polytene chromosomes.

1995 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Urata ◽  
S J Parmelee ◽  
D A Agard ◽  
J W Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Band Shape ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Relationship Of

We have analyzed the three-dimensional structural details of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosome bands and interbands using three-dimensional light microscopy and a novel method of sample preparation that does not involve flattening or stretching the chromosomes. Bands have been visualized in unfixed chromosomes stained with the DNA specific dye 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Interbands have been visualized using fixed chromosomes that have been immunostained with an antibody to RNA polymerase II. Additionally, these structures have been analyzed using in situ hybridization with probes from specific genetic loci (Notch and white). Bands are seen to be composed of approximately 36 substructural features that measure 0.2-0.4 micron in diameter. We suggest that these substructural features are in fact longitudinal fibers made up of bundles of chromatids. Band shape can be a reproducible characteristic of a particular band and is dependent on the spatial relationship of these bundles, varying from bands with a uniform distribution of bundles to bands with a peripheral concentration of chromatin. Interbands are composed of bundles of chromatids of a similar size and number as those seen in the bands. The distribution of bundles is similar between a band and the neighboring interband, implying that there is a long range organization to the DNA that includes both the coding and the noncoding portions of genes. Finally, we note that the polytene chromosome has a circular shape when viewed in cross section, whether there are one or two homologs present.

First records of Anisandrus maiche Stark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2137 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. RABAGLIA ◽  
NATALIA J. VANDENBERG ◽  
ROBERT E. ACCIAVATTI
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
First Time

Anisandrus maiche Stark, an ambrosia beetle native to Asia, is reported for the first time in North America based on specimens from Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. This is the twentieth species of exotic Xyleborina documented in North America. This species, along with three others occurring in North America, were formerly placed in Xyleborus Eichhoff, but currently are assigned to Anisandrus Ferrari. Descriptions of generic characters used to separate Anisandrus from Xyleborus, a re-description of the female A. maiche, and an illustrated key to the four North American species of Anisandrus are presented.

The genus Odontocepheus (Acari: Oribatida: Carabodidae) in North America, with description of a new species

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marcel Reeves
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
A New Species

Adults of Odontocepheus rumbleseatus n.sp. are described, the second Odontocepheus species known from North America. An unusual, deep posterior depression on the notogaster easily separates this species from all others in the genus Odontocepheus. Specimens were collected from hardwood leaf litter and rotten wood. The known distribution is Illinois and West Virginia south to northern Florida. Additional characters for separating the North American species O. oblongus (Banks) from O. elongatus (Michael) in Europe are presented, and the presence of O. elongatus in North America is documented.

Keratella armadura (Rotifera: Brachionidae), a new rotifer from a Michigan bog lake

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2306-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Stemberger
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Plate ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Keratella Cochlearis ◽  
Posterior Spine ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lower Peninsula

The rotifer Keratella armadura n.sp. is described from a shallow alkaline bog lake from Michigan's lower peninsula. The facet pattern of the dorsal plate is similar to that of the common North American phenotype of Keratella cochlearis and K. taurocephala. The rigid, thickened lorica, long recurving posterior spine, and constriction of the body near the base of the anterior spines is distinctive from known congenors. The species was abundant (> 300 individuals/L) within a well-defined habitat, and appears to have a narrow geographic range. Keratella armadura occurred in spring and summer months and was absent from fall and winter collections. This restricted distribution, if common among rotifers, suggests that many undescribed species still exist in Michigan and in North America.

TWELVE NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF OSCINELLA (DIPTERA, CHLOROPIDAE)

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 214-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis W. Sabrosky
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
The North

The North American species of the large and complex genus Oscinella Becker (sens. lat.) were reviewed by Sabrosky (1936, Annals Ent. Soc. Amer., 29:707-728) in a synopsis based on his study of the types. Since that time, a large quantity of material has been examined, with the discovery of several undescribed species populations. Because of their close resemblance to known species, some of these have probably been confused with them in past determinations.

Redescription of Parastenocaris brevipes Kessler and description of a new species of Parastenocaris (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae) from the U.S.A.

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
North American ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Distal Half ◽  
A New Species

Parastenocaris brevipes Kessler is redescribed and its presence in North America is established through comparison of specimens from the U.S.A., Finland, and Germany. Parastenocaris wilsoni Borutskii, Parastenocaris starretti Pennak, Parastenocaris biwae Miura, and Parastenocaris sp. 2 Strayer (Strayer, D.L. 1988. Stygologia, 4: 279–291.) are assigned to the synonymy of P. brevipes. Biwaecaris Jakobi is a synonym of Parastenocaris Kessler. Some North American records of P. brevipes or P. starretti refer in fact to P. brevipes, other records to a presently undescribed species. Newly verified records of P. brevipes include Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, and Wisconsin in the U.S.A., and Lake Biwa, Japan. Parastenocaris trichelata, new species, is described from Virginia, U.S.A. The taxon is distinguished in both sexes by the combination of the long slender caudal ramus with all setae inserted in the distal half and by the medial spine of the leg 1 basipodite, and in the male by the leg 4 with slender hyaline endopodite and 3 spines on the basipodite medial to the endopodite. The new species little resembles any known North American parastenocaridid, nor is it assignable to any presently defined species-group in the genus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document