Exclusive adjoining ranges in individually identified minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in Washington state

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Dorsey
Keyword(s):  
Washington State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Free Ranging

Free-ranging minke whales in the inland marine waters of Washington, U.S.A., were found to be individually identifiable from photographs of naturally occurring distinctive features. Sixteen individuals were recognized and observed from small boats 66 times over 3.5 months in 1980, and four of these whales were also recognized from photographs taken in 1977 and 1978. Three exclusive adjoining ranges were found in about 600 km2, each one shared by up to at least seven minke whales, with only two instances of crossover between areas in 70 sightings. Feeding was observed in all three areas, and the whales within each area appeared most of the time to be acting independently of one another. No calves were seen, and no overt acts of territorial defense were observed. This is the first known report in baleen whales of nonoverlapping ranges on a very small scale.

A proposed technique for quantifying muscle progesterone content in minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoi Yoshioka ◽  
Takuji Okumura ◽  
Katsumi Aida ◽  
Yoshihiro Fujise
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Quantitative Extraction ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

We have developed a new technique for the quantitative extraction of progesterone from very small pieces of muscle tissue of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) post mortem. Ethanol extracts of approximately 0.5 g of tissue contained, on average, 15.3 ng/g progesterone in the case of pregnant females (SD = 12.7, n = 9) and 0.32 ng/g progesterone in the case of immature females (SD = 0.03, n = 9). Differences in muscle progesterone levels between females in the two reproductive states were significant, as has been previously reported also for serum levels. Our technique is expected to be applicable in the near future to the determination of the presence or absence of the corpus luteum in the ovaries and the reproductive status of free-ranging female whales, provided that sampling techniques for muscle biopsies are developed.

Net Entanglements of Baleen Whales in the Inshore Fishery of Newfoundland

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Perkins ◽  
P. C. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Inshore Waters

This paper documents net entrapments of baleen whales in the inshore waters of Newfoundland and Labrador. The species involved are principally minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Finback whales (Balaenoptera physalus) are also caught in nets but far less frequently. The timing of these entrapments corresponds with the spawning season for capelin (Mallotus villosus) on the beaches around the province. The magnitude and implications of this problem, both to the whales and the fisherman, are assessed. Key words: baleen whales, net entrapments, mortality assessment, capelin, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, B. physalus, Megaptera novaeangliae

scholarly journals Marine soundscape variation reveals insights into baleen whales and their environment: a case study in central New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Warren ◽  
Craig McPherson ◽  
Giacomo Giorli ◽  
Kimberly T. Goetz ◽  
Craig A. Radford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Ambient Sound ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Free Ranging

Baleen whales reliably produce stereotyped vocalizations, enabling their spatio-temporal distributions to be inferred from acoustic detections. Soundscape analysis provides an integrated approach whereby vocal species, such as baleen whales, are sampled holistically with other acoustic contributors to their environment. Acoustic elements that occur concurrently in space, time and/or frequency can indicate overlaps between free-ranging species and potential stressors. Such information can inform risk assessment framework models. Here, we demonstrate the utility of soundscape monitoring in central New Zealand, an area of high cetacean diversity where potential threats are poorly understood. Pygmy blue whale calls were abundant in the South Taranaki Bight (STB) throughout recording periods and were also detected near Kaikōura during autumn. Humpback, Antarctic blue and Antarctic minke whales were detected in winter and spring, during migration. Wind, rain, tidal and wave activity increased ambient sound levels in both deep- and shallow-water environments across a broad range of frequencies, including those used by baleen whales, and sound from shipping, seismic surveys and earthquakes overlapped in time, space and frequency with whale calls. The results highlight the feasibility of soundscape analysis to quantify and understand potential stressors to free-ranging species, which is essential for conservation and management decisions.

Corneal anatomy of marine mammals

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2282-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Pardue ◽  
J. G. Sivak ◽  
K. M. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

The corneal anatomy of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), harp seals (Phoca groenlandica), ringed seals (Phoca hispida), and bearded seals (Eriganthus barbatus) was examined to determine if marine mammals have evolved specialized corneas for life in a marine habitat. One to seven eyes of each species were analyzed: paraffin sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy; and ultrathin sections for transmission electron microscopy. All corneas contain the five typical mammalian layers: epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. The corneas of these marine mammals are thicker than human corneas because of a thicker stromal layer. The other layers are thinner than those found in humans, except for the epithelial layer in the bearded seal and the cetaceans where it may provide extra protection for the eye during feeding behaviour. The epithelial cells in all corneas studied have an abundance of tonofilaments, which may strengthen the cells and distribute force across the corneal surface. No special organization of collagen fibrils was found in the stroma that would offer protection from ultraviolet radiation or glare for pinnipeds when on ice. The thickness of the sclera in the cetaceans may serve to hold the inner globe of the eye in an elliptical shape, while the thinning of the sclera in the equatorial region in pinnipeds may flatten the eye in air to reduce aerial myopia.

scholarly journals A Multi-elemental Approach to Identification of Subpopulations of North Atlantic Minke Whales Balaenoptera Acutorostrata

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Born ◽  
Michael C. S. Kingsley ◽  
Frank F. Rigét ◽  
Rune Dietz ◽  
Per Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Minke Whales

scholarly journals Do minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) digest wax esters?

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erling S. Nordøy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Minke Whales

Mammals are known to utilize wax esters with an efficiency of less than 50%. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether or not minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), which at times may eat considerable amounts of wax-ester-rich krill, represent an exception to this general pattern. Samples of fresh undigested forestomach, as well as colon, contents were obtained from minke whales (n5) that had been feeding on krill (Thysanoessa inermis) for some time. The samples were analysed for dry mass, energy density, lipid content and the major lipid classes, including wax esters. The concentrations of wax esters were compared with previous estimates of dry-matter disappearance of the same type of prey using anin vitrotechnique, to calculate the dry-matter digestibility of wax esters (DMDwax). Wax esters contributed 21% of the energy and 47% of total lipids in the krill diet. The energy density of gut contents decreased by 50% after their passage from forestomach to the end of the colon. The DMDwaxwas 94·1 (SD 2·8)% (n5). This high DMDwaxand the occurrence of fatty alcohols, one of the products of wax-ester hydrolysis, in faeces show that minke whales are very efficient digesters of wax esters and absorb most of the energy-rich products of this process.

scholarly journals Estimated food consumption of minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata in Northeast Atlantic waters in 1992-1995

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars P Folkow ◽  
Tore Haug ◽  
Kjell T Nilssen ◽  
Erling S Nordøy
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Prey Items

Data on energy requirements, diet composition, and stock size were combined to estimate the consumption of various prey species by minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in Northeast Atlantic waters. In the period 1992-1995, the stock of 85,000 minke whales appeared to have consumed more than 1.8 million tonnes of prey per year in coastal waters off northern Norway, in the Barents Sea and around Spitsbergen during an assumed 6 month stay between mid-April and mid-October.Uncertainties in stock estimates suggest a 95% confidence range of 1.4 - 2.1 million tonnes. The point estimate was composed of 602,000 tonnes of krill Thysanoessa spp., 633,000 tonnes of herring Clupea harengus, 142,000 tonnes of capelin Mallotus villosus, 256,000 tonnes of cod Gadus morhua, 128,000 tonnes of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and 54,500 tonnes of other fish species, including saithe Pollaehius virens and sand eel Ammodytes sp. Consumption of various prey items by minke whales may represent an important mortality factor for some of the species. For example, the estimated annual consumption of herring corresponds to about 70% of the herring fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic in 1995. Minke whale diets are subject to year-to-year variations due to changes in the resource base in different feeding areas. Thus, the regional distribution of consumption of different prey items is highly dynamic.

Agile Scrum Issues at Large-Scale Distributed Projects

2022 ◽  
pp. 388-398
Author(s):  
Ayesha Khalid ◽  
Shariq Aziz Butt ◽  
Tauseef Jamal ◽  
Saikat Gochhait
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Software Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Project Organization ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Change Requests ◽  
Agile Model ◽  
Large Scale Project

The agile model is a very vast and popular model in use in the software industry currently. It changes the way software is developed. It was introduced in 2001 to overcome deficiencies of software development in a workshop arranged by researchers and practitioners who were involved with the agile concept. They introduced the complete agile manifesto. The agile model has main components that make it more viable for use in well-organized software development. One of these is scrum methodology. The reason for the agile-scrum popularity is its use for small-scale projects, making small teams and allows change requests at any stage of a project from the client. It works for client satisfaction. Instead of so much popularity and distinctive features, agile-scrum also has some limitations when used for large scale projects development that makes it less efficient for development. This article discusses the agile-scrum methodology and its limitations when using for large-scale project organization.

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