Mycophagy of red-backed voles in Oregon and Washington

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3307-3315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Ure ◽  
Chris Maser
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Seed Crops

We analyzed stomach contents from two subspecies of Clethrionomys californicus and three subspecies of C. gapperi from coniferous forests of Oregon and western Washington. Seasonal diets were determined for each subspecies of C. californicus. Major foods eaten were the fruiting bodies of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal fungi, predominantly Gasteromycetes, and fruticose lichens, regardless of season. Fungus consumption partially depended on availability. When fungi became scarce, lichens were substituted. Other foods were important only during winter in Cascade Range. Clethrionomys gapperi from Washington consumed large quantities of conifer seed and green plant parts in midautumn. These materials were a small part of the diets of Oregon red-backed voles in midautumn, but this may relate to localized small seed crops. Dependence on ectomycorrhizal fungi by western red-backed voles probably accounts for the latter's disappearance from deforested sites.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi with edible fruiting bodies 3.Tuber magnatum, tuberaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Hall ◽  
A. Zambonelli ◽  
F. Primavera
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Tuber Magnatum

scholarly journals Increase of seeding material quality of agrarian crops by the pneumatic electric separator

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Urszula Malaga-Toboła ◽  
Stepan Kovalyshyn ◽  
Viktor Dadak ◽  
Ivan Horodetskyy
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Force Action ◽  
Separation Channel ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Pneumatic Separation ◽  
Seeding Material ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

A detailed analysis of technical means and methods of seeds separation, as well as the research results of domestic and foreign authors, have proved that one of the perspective methods for getting of high quality seed material is the pneumatic and electric separation.The analysis of research works and the modern technical level of pneumatic separators showed that insufficient attention was paid to the study of aerodynamic separation of small-seed crops, especially, cereal grasses. By the conditions of separation in a vertical pneumatic channel the cereal crops change the area of the midlength section as to the air flow forces, and the probability was increased of getting of seeds with germs to a biologically defective seed without germs. To increase the quality of pneumatic separation one can by the selective orientation of seeds in mixture with longer axis perpendicularly to the flow of air. It is possible to achieve these conditions by the additional force action on seeds (as particles). The response of this force action could be different for a healthy seeds (with germs) and for a non-viable (without embryo) or a weed seed. Such a force effect on the particles of small-seed crop mixtures can be realized by creating of a homogeneous electric field in a separation channel. This requires a theoretical and experimental study of force action on particles during the process of separation, also justification of parameters and operating modes of the pneumatic electric separator. This study is the preconditions for design improvement of the pneumatic electric separator.

scholarly journals Selection of Sphingomonadaceae at the Base of Laccaria proxima and Russula exalbicans Fruiting Bodies

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1979-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Hidde Boersma ◽  
Jan A. Warmink ◽  
Fernando A. Andreote ◽  
Jan Dirk van Elsas
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Laccaria Proxima ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The dense hyphal network directly underneath the fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi might exert strong influences on the bacterial community of soil. Such fruiting bodies might serve as hot spots for bacterial activity, for instance by providing nutrients and colonization sites in soil. Here, we assessed the putative selection of specific members of the Sphingomonadaceae family at the bases of the fruiting bodies of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria proxima and Russula exalbicans in comparison to the adjacent bulk soil. To do so, we used a previously designed Sphingomonadaceae-specific PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) system and complemented this with analyses of sequences from a Sphingomonadaceae-specific clone library. The analyses showed clear selective effects of the fruiting bodies of both fungi on the Sphingomonadaceae community structures. The effect was especially prevalent with R. exalbicans. Strikingly, similar fungi sampled approximately 100 m apart showed similar DGGE patterns, while corresponding bulk soil-derived patterns differed from each other. However, the mycospheres of L. proxima and R. exalbicans still revealed divergent community structures, indicating that different fungi select for different members of the Sphingomonadaceae family. Excision of specific bands from the DGGE patterns, as well as analyses of the clone libraries generated from both habitats, revealed fruiting body-specific Sphingomonadaceae types. It further showed that major groups from the mycospheres of R. exalbicans and L. proxima did not cluster with known bacteria from the database, indicating new groups within the family of Sphingomonadaceae present in these environments.

scholarly journals Host and soil properties are major drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungi in alpine coniferous forests

Authorea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Junxiang Ding ◽  
Ziliang Zhang ◽  
Dongyan Liu ◽  
Qin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Coniferous Forests

scholarly journals Food and Feeding Habits of Black Spot Cat Fish (Auchenoglanis biscutatus) from Lower River Benue, Makurdi

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Edem, Edem Thomas ◽  
Patience B. Opeh
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food And Feeding

The present study is aimed to provide information on the food and feeding habit of adult Auchenoglanis biscutatus in Lower River Benue. The natural food of A. biscutatus in the Lower River Benue was studied from stomach contents of the fish. The stomach contents were analyzed using two methods; the frequency of occurrence and point methods. A total of 100 stomachs were randomly examined. Eleven major items constituted the diet of A. biscutatus. The stomach content analysis of A. biscutatus have shown that they fed on the various food items ranging from plant parts, detritus, seeds, digested food particles, fish parts, mollusc, sand/mud, insect parts and algae. This indicates that A. biscutatus is an omnivorous bottom feeder since; bottom dwelling immature insects dominated most of the food items of animal origin, digested food and detritus. A. biscutatus in Lower Benue River feeds on a wide range of food items which could make it to be regarded as an omnivore. Future attempts to culture this species must take cognizance of its food habits in the wild.

FOOD PARTITIONING AMONG FISHES IN PAHANG RIVER-ESTUARY, MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azfar, A. M. ◽  
Jalal K. C. A. ◽  
Siti-Waznah, A.
Keyword(s):  
Food Resource ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Food Partitioning ◽  
Food Resource Partitioning

A study was conducted on the food resource partitioning among fish species in Pahang River-estuary from 2010-2013 during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period. The area was divided in three strata (upstream, downstream and middle zone), based on environmental features. Stomach contents of all species present were analyzed. From 138 of total stomach analyzed, 24 of them were empty and 114 were with food. From the analysis of prey in the stomachs, various kinds of food items consumed by the different size of fishes included phytoplankton, zooplankton, unidentified materials, fish, fish parts, shrimp, shrimp parts, crab, crab parts, plant parts, mollusk and detritus. Detritus consisted of all types of biogenic materials in various stages of microbial decomposition. Different fishes consume different types of food and feeding habit of fishes varies from season to season. From the percentage of number and occurrence of food resources, zooplankton are important in their own right as a major component of fish diets and are especially important to small and young individuals, even for the detrivore. Nevertheless, it represents an important trophic resource for fish food web of Pahang River-estuary.

scholarly journals Use of phytoremediation techniques for elimination of lead from polluted soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Hegedűsová ◽  
Silvia Jakabová ◽  
Andrea Vargová ◽  
Ondrej Hegedűs ◽  
Tímea Judit Pernyeszi
Keyword(s):  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Pea Roots ◽  
Hyperaccumulating Plant ◽  
Induced Phytoextraction

The effect of chelating agent – EDTA (ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid) was used for induced phytoextraction to increase intensity of lead transfer from roots to aboveground parts of garden pea. Pot experiments with contaminated soil substrata (50 mg Pb.kg-1 and 100 mg Pb.kg-1) were established for experimental purposes in growth chamber. The results showed that application of 5 and 10 mmol EDTA.kg-1 to experimental variants with 100 mg Pb.kg-1 doubled the increase of lead uptake by pea roots in comparison with variants without EDTA addition, which was statistically confirmed. Intensive lead transfer was observed from roots to aboveground parts of pea after application of 5 and 10 mmol EDTA.kg-1 in variant with 50 mg Pb.kg-1 (40-fold increase), as well as in variant with 100 mg Pb.kg-1 (17-fold increase). The results showed that induced phytoextraction can improve the mobility of lead from soil to plant roots. Application of 5 mmol EDTA.kg-1 resulted to 40-fold increase of lead transfer to green plant parts, despite the fact, that garden pea does not belong to conventional metal hyperaccumulating plant species. Following the results, pea could be used for decontamination of arable soil. The optimal EDTA concentration seems to be 5 mmol.kg-1. Therefore, application of 10 mmol EDTA.kg-1 decreased root mass about 55%, which resulted to decrease the intensity of lead uptake.

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