Factors determining temporal division of labor in honeybees

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2947-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Winston ◽  
Elizabeth Neilson Punnett
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Relationship

Honeybee workers perform tasks in an age-related sequence during their lifetimes, with young workers generally performing hive duties and older workers guarding the entrance. The relationship between the timing of brood care and foraging and the colony characteristics of worker population, age distribution, and brood care were examined in order to determine the influence of colony growth on the ontogeny of worker activities. Foraging age was strongly correlated with colony population but not with age distribution or brood area. The age when workers cared for brood was weakly correlated with colony population and not correlated with age distribution or brood area. The results suggest that the ages when tasks are performed depend in part on colony population and less on age distribution and brood area.

scholarly journals Division of Labor inPachycondyla striataFr. Smith, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo da Silva-Melo ◽  
Edilberto Giannotti
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Temporal Polyethism ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Nest Maintenance

Four colonies of the antPachycondyla striatawere used to analyze the specie behavioral repertoire. Forty-six behavioral acts were recorded in laboratory. Here, we present the record the division of labor between the castes and the temporal polyethism of monomorphic workers. The queens carried out many of the behavioral traits recorded in this work however; they performed them less frequently compared to the worker. The workers activity involved chasing and feeding on fresh insects and usingthem to nourish larvae besides laying eggs in the C-posture, an activity also performed by queens, which is similar to that of wasps of the subfamilyStenogastrinae. The young workers were involved in activities of brood care, sexuate care, and nest maintenance, and the older workers were involved in defense, exploration, and foraging.

scholarly journals Sustainable and Healthy Organizations Promote Employee Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Segura-Camacho ◽  
Juan-José García-Orozco ◽  
Gabriela Topa
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

The psychology of sustainability claims for a new kind of organization that promotes employee well-being as well as the search firm’s performance. In sustainable and healthy organizations, tasks are characterized by their significance, variety, autonomy, and feedback from the job. This way of organizing employees’ activities motivates them and can affect their well-being. However, due to a series of age-related physical and cognitive changes, older workers must constantly adapt to task demands to continue working and maintain their productivity. This research explores the moderating role of selection, optimization, and compensation strategies in the relationship between task characteristics (significance, variety, autonomy, and feedback from the job) on the one hand, and job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors on the other. This study was carried out using a lagged design over a three-month interval. Participants were 183 Spanish workers aged between 45–55 years who completed two questionnaires (Time 1 and Time 2). The results support the moderating role of the optimization and compensation in the relationship between task characteristics and employee well-being. Elective selection and loss-based selection strategies do not moderate the relationship. These findings underscore that people who are actively involved in optimization and compensation strategies can age successfully at work. The implications of this study to improve the orientation practices of older workers are discussed.

Understanding Older Workers’ Decisions to Participate in Voluntary Training Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika C. Lopina ◽  
Steven G. Rogelberg ◽  
Haley Woznyj
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Policy Capturing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Training Topic ◽  
Goal Direction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract. Age-related changes in training decisions were examined using a within-subject experimental design presenting training framing cues of topic (generativity vs. non-generativity), goal (direction: approach vs. avoidance; referent: mastery vs. performance), and structure (self-paced vs. instructor-paced). As age increased, age-related cues were hypothesized to be more strongly and positively related to the training decision. One hundred and twenty-nine participants completed a policy-capturing study and self-report survey. Age moderated the relationship between the training topic and the training decision. Contrary to the hypothesis, as age increased, the non-generativity topic (rather than the generativity topic) was more strongly and positively related to the training decision. Age did not moderate the relationship between the other training features and the training decision.

Cognitive Factors Mediate the Relation Between Age and Flight Path Maintenance in General Aviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Van Benthem ◽  
Chris M. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Pilot Error ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying pilot attributes associated with risk is important, especially in general aviation where pilot error is implicated in most accidents. This research examined the relationship of pilot age, expertise, and cognitive functioning to deviations from an ideal circuit trajectory. In all, 54 pilots, of varying age, flew a Cessna 172 simulator. Cognitive measures were obtained using the CogScreen-AE ( Kay, 1995 ). Older age and lower levels of expertise and cognitive functioning were associated with significantly greater flight path deviations. The relationship between age and performance was fully mediated by a cluster of cognitive factors: speed and working memory, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility. These findings add to the literature showing that age-related changes in cognition may impact pilot performance.

Private Education

1986 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Relationship

This book focuses on the relationship between private and public education in a comparative context. The contributors emphasize the relationship between private choices and public policy as they affect the division of labor between public and private non-profit schools, colleges, and universities. Their essays examine the kinds of choices offered by each sector, as well as the effects of present and proposed public policies on the intersectoral division of labor. Written from neither a pro-private nor a pro-public point of view, the contributors point to the ways in which they believe one sector or the other may be preferable for certain goals or groups.

The Association Between Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Primary Idiopathic Complete Atrioventricular Block in an Elderly Population

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110287
Author(s):  
Turhan Turan ◽  
Faruk Kara ◽  
Selim Kul ◽  
Muhammet Rasit Sayın ◽  
Sinan Sahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Complete Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Block Frequency ◽  
Complete Atrioventricular ◽  
Relevant Factors

The most common cause of complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) is age-related fibrotic degeneration and is referred to as primary idiopathic complete atrioventricular block (iCAVB). This study aims to investigate the relationship between iCAVB and arterial stiffness using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). In this study, of 205 CAVB patients, 41 patients with iCAVB implanted with a dual-chamber permanent pacemaker and 40 age- and gender-matched controls were studied. Arterial stiffness was assessed by a VaSera VS-1000 CAVI instrument. The CAVI values of patients with iCAVB were significantly higher compared with the controls (9.63 ± 1.42 vs 8.57 ± 1.12, P < .001). Idiopathic complete atrioventricular block frequency was higher among patients with abnormal CAVI values than those with borderline and normal CAVI ( P = .04). In multivariate analysis, only CAVI was an independent predictor of iCAVB after adjusting for other relevant factors (odds ratio, 2.575; 95% CI [1.390-4.770]; P = .003). The present study demonstrated that CAVI, as a marker of arterial stiffness, was increased among elderly patients with iCAVB. Thus, we provide a possible additional mechanism linking easily measured CAVI with iCAVB.

scholarly journals Plasma angiopoietin-2 is associated with age-related deficits in cognitive sub-scales in Ugandan children following severe malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benson J. Ouma ◽  
Paul Bangirana ◽  
John M. Ssenkusu ◽  
Dibyadyuti Datta ◽  
Robert O. Opoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Angiopoietin 2 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Elevated angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) concentrations are associated with worse overall neurocognitive function in severe malaria survivors, but the specific domains affected have not been elucidated. Methods Ugandan children with severe malaria underwent neurocognitive evaluation a week after hospital discharge and at 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up. The relationship between Angpt-2 concentrations and age-adjusted, cognitive sub-scale z-scores over time were evaluated using linear mixed effects models, adjusting for disease severity (coma, acute kidney injury, number of seizures in hospital) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, height-for-age z-score, socio-economic status, enrichment in the home environment, parental education, and any preschool education of the child). The Mullen Scales of Early Learning was used in children < 5 years and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition was used in children ≥ 5 years of age. Angpt-2 levels were measured on admission plasma samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adjustment for multiple comparisons was conducted using the Benjamini–Hochberg Procedure of False Discovery Rate. Results Increased admission Angpt-2 concentration was associated with worse outcomes in all domains (fine and gross motor, visual reception, receptive and expressive language) in children < 5 years of age at the time of severe malaria episode, and worse simultaneous processing and learning in children < 5 years of age at the time of severe malaria who were tested when ≥ 5 years of age. No association was seen between Angpt-2 levels and cognitive outcomes in children ≥ 5 years at the time of severe malaria episode, but numbers of children and testing time points were lower for children ≥ 5 years at the time of severe malaria episode. Conclusion Elevated Angpt-2 concentration in children with severe malaria is associated with worse outcomes in multiple neurocognitive domains. The relationship between Angpt-2 and worse cognition is evident in children < 5 years of age at the time of severe malaria presentation and in selected domains in older years.

The relationship between the age of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and their ability to penetrate and infect the mammalian host

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruth Lawson ◽  
R. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Abdominal Route ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Mortality

SummaryThe ability of the cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni to penetrate the tails of mice was shown to remain constant throughout their lives. However, their capacity to establish themselves and then reach maturity decreased as they aged. The abdominal route of penetration produced consistently higher maturation rates than the tail route. Significantly different maturation rates were obtained by modifying the standard tail infection technique. Evidence is presented that age-related mortality of schisto-somula occurs within 24 h of penetration and may be associated with the exhaustion of energy reserves during the penetration of the stratum corneum. The relationship of this age-related mortality to ‘mass mortality’ is discussed.

scholarly journals An analysis of Italian university students’ performance through segmented regression models: gender differences in STEM courses

Genus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Priulla ◽  
Nicoletta D’Angelo ◽  
Massimo Attanasio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Segmented Regression ◽  
Freshmen Students ◽  
Female Performance ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThis paper investigates gender differences in university performances in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) courses in Italy, proposing a novel application through the segmented regression models. The analysis concerns freshmen students enrolled at a 3-year STEM degree in Italian universities in the last decade, with a focus on the relationship between the number of university credits earned during the first year (a good predictor of the regularity of the career) and the probability of getting the bachelor degree within 4 years. Data is provided by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR). Our analysis confirms that first-year performance is strongly correlated to obtaining a degree within 4 years. Furthermore, our findings show that gender differences vary among STEM courses, in accordance with the care-oriented and technical-oriented dichotomy. Males outperform females in mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer science, while females are slightly better than males in biology. In engineering, female performance seems to follow the male stream. Finally, accounting for other important covariates regarding students, we point out the importance of high school background and students’ demographic characteristics.

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