The wing muscles of the American coot (Fulica americana Gmelin)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1758-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. C. Rosser
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
American Coot

The gross anatomy of all wing muscles of the American coot (Fulica americana Gmelin) is described. A number of myological features distinguish the rallids from the other gruiforms studied to date: the presence of M. subcoracoideus caput dorsale, the insertion of M. flexor digitorum superficialis on Phalanx proximalis digiti majoris, the presence of a deep belly of M. expansor secundariorum, and the origin of M. expansor secundariorum tendo proximalis from a small craniomedial tubercle on the scapula. Unique to F. americana, within the gruiforms studied, M. biceps brachii pars propatagialis attaches to both Tendo longa and Tendo brevis of M. tensor propatagialis.

Incidence of tenolysis and features of adhesions in the digital flexor tendons after multi-strand repair and early active motion

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Moriya ◽  
Takea Yoshizu ◽  
Naoto Tsubokawa ◽  
Hiroko Narisawa ◽  
Yutaka Maki
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Flexor Tendon Repair ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Active Mobilization ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

We report seven patients requiring tenolysis after primary or delayed primary flexor tendon repair and early active mobilization out of 148 fingers of 132 consecutive patients with Zone 1 or 2 injuries from 1993 to 2017. Three fingers had Zone 2A, two Zone 2B, and two Zone 2C injuries. Two fingers underwent tenolysis at Week 4 or 6 after repair because of suspected repair rupture. The other five fingers had tenolysis 12 weeks after repair. Adhesions were moderately dense between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons or with the pulleys. According to the Strickland and Tang criteria, the outcomes were excellent in one finger, good in four, fair in one, and poor in one. Fingers requiring tenolysis after early active motion were 5% of the 148 fingers so treated. Indications for tenolysis were to achieve a full range of active motion in the patients rated good or improvement of range of active motion of the patients rated poor or fair. Not all of our patients with poor or fair outcomes wanted to have tenolysis. Level of evidence: IV

One in Four Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Lasso for Correction of the Claw Deformity.

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-406
Author(s):  
ATUL SHAH
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Power Grip ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Swan Neck Deformity ◽  
A1 Pulley

In continuation of the author’s work on ‘lasso’ principle, flexor digitorum superficialis split in to four tails and looped around A1 pulley has been described in this article to correct the ulnar claw and to correct the total claw hand when used along with opponensplasty as a one stage technique. This operation has the advantage of retaining superficialis tendons of the other fingers for better power grip and the avoiding swan neck deformity.

scholarly journals Comparison of activation rates in the main muscle group in the performance of Turkish folk dances

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1144
Author(s):  
Kürşad Gülbeyaz
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Folk dances are “spiritual culture” in terms of music, lyrics, movement and presentation features. Also, folk dances are the “material culture” in terms of instruments, clothes and equipment. Folk dances are intertwined with many disciplines, due to its different features such as music, instrument, language, religion, literature, history, clothes, sport, stage, art, sociology, consideration and intelligence. There is no folk dance without music and rhythm. However, almost all of our women's dances and most of our men's dances are verbal. Therefore, folk dances are composed of lyrics, music and movement. Folk dances have a sportive dimension as well as a cultural dimension. Although folk dances have been examined with the dimension of movement until present day, we see that the researches on physical, physiological and kinesiological aspects are not sufficient. The main purpose of this study was to determine the contraction rates of muscles during the performance of folk dances. In this study, it has been identified 42 dances in Turkey, which movement and structural features are different from each other. These dances include 6 different “bar” type, 12 of “halay” type, 8 of “horon” type, 5 of “karşılama” type, and 11 of “zeybek” type. The study was completed using these dances. The study is derived from the author's “Analysis of Turkish Folk Dances from the Perspective of Movement Science and Culture” doctoral dissertation titled. The study was conducted in the main muscle group according to expert opinions and recommendations. The main muscle groups are Tibialis Anterior, Quadriceps Femoris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Biceps Brachii, Longissimus Thoracis and Trapezius muscles. Electrodes were attached to the main muscles used in the folk dances. The measurements were obtained by bio-trace programme and data were defined in microvolt. As a result of the study, in the performance of Turkish folk dances on the type at the scale of Turkey, left Tibialis Anterior muscle (112.40), left Quadriceps Femoris muscle (112.32); the right Flexor Digitorum Superficialis muscle in the arm (49.63), the right Biceps Brachii muscle (60.07); the left Longissimus Thoracis muscle (46.68) and the right Trapezius muscle (104.19) contracted more. Determining the ratio in muscle contractions in folk dances provides valuable information which can be used in coordination exercises, motor development, training in a specific sport and also in physical therapy.

Congenital Absence of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Implications for Assessment of Little Finger Lacerations

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Townley ◽  
M.C. Swan ◽  
R.L.R. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congenital Absence ◽  
Reliable Indicator ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Finger Injuries ◽  
Opposite Hand ◽  
Bilateral Absence ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Little Finger

Absence of flexor digitorum superficialis function in the little finger is a relatively common congenital anomaly that can complicate assessment of little finger injuries. We reviewed the prevalence of unilateral and bilateral absence of superficialis function in the published literature. In appropriate studies identified (1352 people), the anomaly was unilateral in 92 individuals (6.8%) and bilateral in 81 (6.0%). If superficialis function is absent in one little finger, the probability of absence in the opposite hand is 0.64. If superficialis function is present, the probability of absence in the other little finger is 0.02 (1 in 50). Absence of little finger superficialis function in one hand is therefore not a reliable indicator of this function in the opposite hand.

scholarly journals Sensory and Visual Evaluation of Six Different Beef Shank Cuts from Asian Consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Wu ◽  
E. Rice ◽  
B. Olson ◽  
T. O’Quinn ◽  
T. Houser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Asian Consumers

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate factors affecting Asian consumers’ purchasing decisions and eating preferences of six different beef shank cuts.Materials and MethodsSix shank cuts, three from forequarter [biceps brachii (shank A); a combination of deep digital flexor and flexor digitorum superficialis (shank B); extensor carpi radialis (shank C)], and three from hindquarter [flexor digitorum superficialis (shank D); deep digital flexor (shank E), a combination of long digital extensor, medial digital extensor and peroneus tertius (shank F)] were collected from 12 USDA low choice beef carcasses (n = 72). Shanks from the left side of the carcasses were used for consumer panels and stewed in water for 90 min at 98°C. Asian consumers (n = 91) from Manhattan, KS, evaluated samples for connective tissue texture, amount of connective tissue, juiciness, flavor, overall texture (a combination of myofibrillar tenderness and connective tissue texture) and sensory overall liking. Consumers (n = 84) also visually evaluated the size, surface color and visual overall liking of shank samples from the right side of the carcasses. Finally, consumers rated each sample as either acceptable or unacceptable. All ratings were done on either a Just About Right (JAR) or a continuous line scale.ResultsShanks A, C, D and F received similar scores close to JAR (P > 0.05) for connective tissue texture. Connective tissue texture of shank E was harder than shanks A and D, and shank B was the hardest of all (P < 0.01). For connective tissue amount, shanks A, D, and E received ratings close to JAR (P > 0.05). Consumers rated shank B with too much and shank C and F with too little (P < 0.01) connective tissue. Shanks A, D, and F received similar ratings close to JAR for juiciness (P > 0.05), while shanks C and E were rated less juicy, and shank B was the least juicy among all (P < 0.01). For overall texture, shanks A, D, and F received similar ratings close to JAR (P > 0.05), and shanks C and E were tougher than those rated JAR (P < 0.01). Again, shank B was the toughest among all for overall texture (P < 0.01). Shanks A, D, and F received the highest sensory overall liking scores, followed by shanks C and E, and shank B received the lowest overall liking score among all the shank cuts (P < 0.01). All shank cuts received high sensory acceptability scores (> 85%) except for shank B (62%; P < 0.01). Shanks A and C both received scores that were close to JAR for shank size. Consumers indicated that shanks B, E, and F were too big in size, while shank D was too small (P < 0.01). However, shanks B, C, E, and F had the greatest and similar raw weight (P > 0.05), followed by shank A, while shank D was the lightest of all (P < 0.01). For visual overall liking, shanks A and C received the highest scores, followed by shanks B, E, and F, and shank D received the lowest score (P < 0.05). Shanks A and C were most visually acceptable (> 95%), while shanks B, D, E, and F were less acceptable than shanks A and C (> 70%; P < 0.01). Finally, consumers indicated that there was no difference in flavor and surface color among different shank cuts (P > 0.05).ConclusionConnective tissue texture and amount directly affected Asian consumers’ eating preference for different beef shank cuts, while shank size was the main factor affecting their purchasing decision.

Transfer of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus or Brevis for Opponensplasty

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. BAEK ◽  
J. M. JUNG ◽  
W. J. YOO ◽  
M. S. CHUNG
Keyword(s):  
Tendon Transfer ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis

For the restoration of thumb opposition many types of tendon transfer techniques have been described. The flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) of the ring finger is commonly selected as a motor. On occasion, however, the quality of the flexor muscles of the fingers or wrist is not good enough for tendon transfer and another available muscle must be selected. In this situation, we have preferred to use an extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) or brevis (ECRB) transfer to restore opposition of the thumb. Follow-up examination, at an average 5 years and 10 months after operation, showed that the results of ten of 11 transfers were excellent and the other was good.

scholarly journals Applied Force and sEMG Muscle Activity Required To Operate Pistol Grip Control in an Electric Utility Aerial Bucket

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 963-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Marklin ◽  
Jonathon E. Slightam ◽  
Mark L. Nagurka ◽  
Trent M. Wolff ◽  
Casey D. Garces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Overhead Line ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Forearm Muscle ◽  
Semg Activity ◽  
Semg Signals

Electric utility line workers report high levels of fatigue in forearm muscles when operating a conventional pistol grip control in aerial buckets. This study measured the applied force and surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from four upper extremity muscles required to operate the pistol grip control in two tasks. The first task was movement of the pistol grip in six directions (up/down, forward/rearward, clockwise/counter-clockwise), and the second task was movement of the bucket from its resting position on the truck bed to an overhead conductor on top of a 40 ft tall pole. The force applied to the pistol grip was measured in 14 aerial bucket trucks, and sEMG activity was measured on eight apprentice line workers. The applied force required to move the pistol grip control in the six directions ranged from 12 to 15 lb. The sEMG activity in the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) forearm muscle was approximately twice as great or more than the other three muscles (flexor digitorum superficialis, triceps, and biceps). Line workers exerted 14 to 30% MVCEMG to move the pistol grip in the six directions. Average %MVCEMG of the EDC to move the bucket from the truck platform to an overhead line ranged from 26 to 30% across the four phases of the task. The sEMG findings from this study provide physiologic evidence to support the anecdotal reports of muscle fatigue from line workers after using the pistol grip control for repeated, long durations.

The leg muscles of the American coot (Fulica americana Gmelin)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1236-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. C. Rosser ◽  
D. M. Secoy ◽  
P. W. Riegert
Keyword(s):  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Distal Half ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Extensor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Pars Interna ◽  
Longitudinal Division ◽  
American Coot

The gross anatomy of all the leg muscles of the American coot (Fulica americana Gmelin) is described. These findings differ on a number of points from earlier investigations of gruiform anatomy: the presence of M. iliotrochantericus medius, the presence of two heads and one inserting tendon of M. femorotibialis internus, the presence of M. gastrocnemius pars intermedia, the presence of two heads of M. flexor perforatus digiti II, the presence of M. extensor hallucis longus pars distalis, the belly of M. adductor digiti II extending for most of the tarsometatarsal length, the belly of M. abductor digiti IV confined to the distal half of the tarsometatarsus, the rudimentary presence of M. adductor digiti IV, and the absence of patellae. Unique to F. americana within the few gruiforms that have been studied is a longitudinal division in the superficial side of M. gastrocnemius pars interna. The species has adaptations associated with swimming and diving; the muscles that flex and extend the tarsometatarsus and the third digit are well developed.

scholarly journals Recovery and Fatigue Behavior of Forearm Muscles during a Repetitive Power Grip Gesture in Racing Motorcycle Riders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7926
Author(s):  
Michel Marina ◽  
Priscila Torrado ◽  
Raul Bescós
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Power Grip ◽  
Road Racing ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Forearm Muscle

Despite a reduction in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVCisom) observed systematically in intermittent fatigue protocols (IFP), decrements of the median frequency, assessed by surface electromyography (sEMG), has not been consistently verified. This study aimed to determine whether recovery periods of 60 s were too long to induce a reduction in the normalized median frequency (MFEMG) of the flexor digitorum superficialis and carpi radialis muscles. Twenty-one road racing motorcycle riders performed an IFP that simulated the posture and braking gesture on a motorcycle. The MVCisom was reduced by 53% (p < 0.001). A positive and significant relationship (p < 0.005) was found between MFEMG and duration of the fatiguing task when 5 s contractions at 30% MVCisom were interspersed by 5 s recovery in both muscles. In contrast, no relationship was found (p > 0.133) when 10 s contractions at 50% MVC were interspersed by 1 min recovery. Comparative analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed a decrement of MFEMG in the IFP at 30% MVCisom including short recovery periods with a duty cycle of 100% (5 s/5 s = 1), whereas no differences were observed in the IFP at 50% MVCisom and longer recovery periods, with a duty cycle of 16%. These findings show that recovery periods during IFP are more relevant than the intensity of MVCisom. Thus, we recommend the use of short recovery periods between 5 and 10 s after submaximal muscle contractions for specific forearm muscle training and testing purposes in motorcycle riders.

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