The descriptive and comparative postcranial osteology of marten (Martes americana Turton) and fisher (Martes pennanti Erxleben): the axial skeleton

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Leach ◽  
V. S. De Kleer
Keyword(s):  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Skeletal Element ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Morphological Basis ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Males And Females

The postcranial axial skeletons of 23 fisher (Martes pennanti) and 25 marten (Martes americana) are described to determine those characteristics that could be used to distinguish between species and sexes. Measurements and illustrations were used to supplement the description of most bones. The axial skeletons of marten and fisher are similar in structure but it is possible to distinguish interspecific differences in each postcranial skeletal element of these mustelids using morphometric data. Distinction can also be made between certain elements of males and females within each species using bone measurements. The morphological basis of function is described for the spinous processes of the vertebrae.

The descriptive and comparative postcranial osteology of marten (Martes americana Turton) and fisher (Martes pennanti Erxleben): the appendicular skeleton

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Leach
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Males And Females

The morphological characteristics of the appendicular skeleton of 26 adult fisher and 55 adult marten were studied to determine those characteristics that could be used to distinguish between species and sexes. Measurements and illustrations were used to supplement the descriptions of most bones. The appendicular skeletons of marten and fisher are similar in structure but it is possible to distinguish between the skeletal elements of these mustelids using morphometric data. Distinction can also be made between certain postcranial skeletal remains of males and females within each species using bone measurements.

Fusion of the distal femoral epiphysis in male and female marten and fisher

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Dagg ◽  
D. Leach ◽  
G. Sumner-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Good Method ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distal Femoral Epiphysis

The distal femoral epiphyses of 142 marten (Martes americana) and 391 fisher (Martes pennanti), all trapped from November to February in the Algonquin region of Ontario, were radiographed to determine their state of fusion and the presence or absence of scar lines. These criteria indicated that on the average fusion occurred first in female marten, then in male marten, female fisher, and finally in male fisher. Thus the time of fusion in these mustelids was a function of size and possibly also of sex. Radiography of the femur of winter-trapped marten and fisher is not a good method of aging these species because the degree of fusion does not necessarily differentiate juveniles from adults.

scholarly journals Variable Rates of Simple Satellite Gains across the Drosophila Phylogeny

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin H -C Wei ◽  
Sarah E Lower ◽  
Ian V Caldas ◽  
Trevor J S Sless ◽  
Daniel A Barbash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
Drosophila Phylogeny ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Turn Over

Abstract Simple satellites are tandemly repeating short DNA motifs that can span megabases in eukaryotic genomes. Because they can cause genomic instability through nonallelic homologous exchange, they are primarily found in the repressive heterochromatin near centromeres and telomeres where recombination is minimal, and on the Y chromosome, where they accumulate as the chromosome degenerates. Interestingly, the types and abundances of simple satellites often vary dramatically between closely related species, suggesting that they turn over rapidly. However, limited sampling has prevented detailed understanding of their evolutionary dynamics. Here, we characterize simple satellites from whole-genome sequences generated from males and females of nine Drosophila species, spanning 40 Ma of evolution. We show that PCR-free library preparation and postsequencing GC-correction better capture satellite quantities than conventional methods. We find that over half of the 207 simple satellites identified are species-specific, consistent with previous descriptions of their rapid evolution. Based on a maximum parsimony framework, we determined that most interspecific differences are due to lineage-specific gains. Simple satellites gained within a species are typically a single mutation away from abundant existing satellites, suggesting that they likely emerge from existing satellites, especially in the genomes of satellite-rich species. Interestingly, unlike most of the other lineages which experience various degrees of gains, the lineage leading up to the satellite-poor D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis appears to be recalcitrant to gains, providing a counterpoint to the notion that simple satellites are universally rapidly evolving.

The forelimb musculature of marten (Martes americana Turton) and fisher (Martes pennanti Erxleben)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Leach
Keyword(s):  
Martes Americana ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Secondary Function ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles

Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the forelimbs of 25 adult fisher and 25 adult marten were described and compared and the importance of these muscles in arboreal locomotion was discussed. The forelimb myology of these two mustelids is structurally similar. The muscles of the forelimb synsarcosis and the muscles that flex the shoulder and elbow joints are particularly well developed. The existence of a strongly developed forelimb musculature needed for cursorial locomotion in marten and fisher apparently potentiates a secondary function in arboreal locomotion.

scholarly journals Pathology and morphometry of Hystrichis acanthocephalicus (Nematoda) from Phimosus infuscatus (Pelecaniformes) in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Scheer ◽  
Márcia Raquel Pegoraro Macedo ◽  
Mauro Pereira Soares ◽  
Camila Costa Schramm ◽  
Gertrud Muller
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Aquatic Birds ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Few Data

Abstract Species of Hystrichis are parasite nematodes of the digestive tract of aquatic birds in South America, Europe and Asia. In Brazil, Hystrichis acanthocephalicus has been reported in Phimosus infuscatus. There are few data on the morphometry of this species and there are no reports on pathological conditions that it causes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to report morphometric data from H. acanthocephalicus and describe the pathological effects of this parasite on the Phimosus infuscatus proventriculus. Thirty gastrointestinal tracts of P. infuscatus were examined to search for nematodes and H. acanthocephalicus occurred in 83% of hosts. Were measured the total length and body width of males and females, and of their respective cuticular spines, esophagus, spicules and eggs, and the internal and external diameter of copulatory bursa. Histopathological examination revealed parasitic structures in the proventriculus from the lumen (anterior end) to the outer layers of the organ (intermediate and posterior parts), in which we observed inflammatory reaction with infiltration of heterophils, hemorrhage and hemosiderin. The results of this study of histopathology, morphometry and parasitological indices are the first ones reported to H. acanthocephalicus and should contribute to the identification and recognition in cases of outbreaks in the Neotropical region.

Heth pivari n. sp. (Nematoda: Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae) from the indigenous North American millipede Narceus gordanus (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae), with keys for worldwide Heth spp.

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4861 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-514
Author(s):  
GARY PHILLIPS ◽  
JOHN K. MOULTON ◽  
ERNEST C. BERNARD
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Scanning Electron

Forty-four specimens of the millipede Narceus gordanus Chamberlin, 1943 (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) were collected from Alachua, Citrus, Hernando, and Marion counties in peninsular Florida. Morphometric data were recorded for each. Nematodes were dissected from the intestine of each individual and sorted into morphotaxa. Heth pivari n. sp. (Oxyuridomorpha: Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae) was found in 33 (75%) of dissected N. gordanus and examined with brightfield, differential interference contrast, phase contrast and scanning electron microscopies. LSU rDNA sequences of representative males and females of H. pivari n. sp. were analyzed and compared to sequences of nematodes in the infraorder Rhigonematomorpha. Heth mauriesi, an introduced species, also was sequenced. Females of H. pivari n. sp. differ from those of other Heth spp. in having smooth, button-like somatic and cervical papillae and shallow, shield-like cervical collars. Males have slit-like or narrowed, rather than circular, stomal openings. Heth pivari n. sp. is the first species of this genus found in an indigenous millipede north of Mexico. Keys based on female cervical ornamentation are provided to differentiate the 52 known Heth spp. 

Winter habitat use and responses to snow cover of fisher (Martes pennanti) and marten (Martes americana) in southeastern Manitoba

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Raine
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Equal Frequency ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Body Drag

A trailing study of fisher (Martes pennanti) and marten (Martes americana) in the boreal forest of Manitoba, conducted over two winters, showed that both species preferred coniferous ridges. They also had temporal differences in their habitat use that could be partially explained by their different responses to soft snow cover. Movements of fisher were found to be restricted by the soft, thick snow cover that was present during midwinter. Fewer tracks were observed at that time, and fisher travelled upon snowshoe hare trails and their own trails more than in either the early winter period of thin snow cover or the late winter period of crust conditions. Fisher were also found to walk through the snow cover and leave a body drag in midwinter. Marten did not appear to be hindered by soft snow cover to the degree that fisher were. Marten tracks were encountered with equal frequency throughout the winter and marten never left a body drag in the snow cover. They did travel upon hare trails and their own trails to a greater extent in midwinter, but never as much as did fisher.

Seasonal, sexual and ontogenetic variations in the diet of the 'declining' frogs Litoria nannotis, Litoria rheocola and Nyctimystes dayi

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hodgkison ◽  
Jean-Marc Hero
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Prey Choice ◽  
Prey Selectivity ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Gape Size ◽  
Males And Females

Faecal analyses were used to investigate the diets of the endangered frogs Litoria nannotis, L. rheocola and Nyctimystes dayi in Tully Gorge, North Queensland. Comparisons of diet and food availability indicate that these species feed indiscriminately on a range of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. Changes in morphology and foraging behaviour significantly influenced diet composition and created subtle shifts in the degree of selectivity displayed in prey choice. Interspecific differences in numeric and volumetric diet composition were attributed to variations in gape size and microhabitat selection. Within the diets of L. nannotis and L. rheocola, a decline in prey selectivity observed during the dry season reflected a reduction in foraging activity. Differences in the gape size and foraging behaviour of males and females of L. nannotis were responsible for sex-specific differences in diet composition. L. nannotis also diplayed an ontogenetic shift in prey size and type. As snout–vent length increased, L. nannotis consumed fewer, but larger prey and increasingly discriminated against dipterans, dipteran larvae and hemipterans. Importantly, L. nannotis, L. rheocola and N. dayi demonstrated the capacity to compensate for fluctuations in food availability by feeding on less lucrative prey.

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