The partitioning of oxygen uptake from air and from water by the large obligate air-breathing teleost pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Don Stevens ◽  
George F. Holeton
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Anoxic Water ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Hypoxic Water

Pirarucu, weighing 2 to 3 kg, ventilated their gills 16 to 24 times per minute and ventilated their lungs every 1 to 2 min. Average oxygen uptake from water was 23 mg∙h−1∙kg−1; average oxygen uptake from air was 80 mg∙h−1∙kg−1. That is, in normoxic water they obtain about 75% of their oxygen from air, and never less than 50% from air. In hypoxic water the fraction from air increases, ultimately to 100% in anoxic water.

Reduced blood O2 affinity associated with air breathing in osteoglossid fishes

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Johansen ◽  
C. P. Mangum ◽  
R. E. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Striking Difference ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Hypoxic Water ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

Respiratory properties of blood in two closely related species of tropical freshwater teleosts, the osteoglossids Arapaima gigas, an obligatory air breather, and Osteoglossum bieirrhosum, an exclusive water breather, have been compared. Additionally, the O2 uptake rates (VO2) and breathing responses to hypoxic water were compared.The two species had similar values of hematocrit, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and O2, capacity, these being 28%, 7.5 g/100 ml, and 11.0 ml/100 ml for Osteoglossum and 30.8%, 7.5 g/100 ml, and 10.4 ml/100 ml for Arapaima. Red cell ATP and GTP levels were also similar in both species.A striking difference existed in the O2 affinity of red cell suspensions with a P50 value of 6.1 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) at pH 7.4 (28 °C) for Osteoglossum against 21.0 mmHg for Arapaima. The difference persisted after purification and stripping of the hemoglobins of their red cell cofactors. We conclude that the O2-binding properties of the hemoglobin molecules in the two species are intrinsically different. The low O2 affinity in the air-breathing Arapaima permits O2 unloading at relatively high [Formula: see text]'s thus supporting a high [Formula: see text]. The high O2 affinity in Osteoglossum is necessary for Hb to function in O2 transport from a very hypoxic medium.

The partitioning of oxygen uptake from air and from water by erythrinids

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Don Stevens ◽  
George F. Holeton
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Hypoxic Water ◽  
Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

Oxygen uptake from air and from water was measured during routine activity at 29 °C in two facultative air-breathing teleosts, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Erythrinus erythrinus. These fish breathe air in hypoxic water, taking a breath every 1 to 2 min. Gill ventilation increases in hypoxic water if air breathing is prevented, but decreases if air breathing is permitted. Average oxygen uptake from water is 105 mg∙h−1∙kg−1 and 69 mg∙h−1 kg−1 from air for Hyplerythrinus; 65 mg∙h−1∙kg−1 from water and 51 mg∙h−1∙kg−1 from air for Erythrinus. In normoxic water Hoplerythrinus obtain from 0 to 56% of oxygen uptake (mean 31%) from air. Two Hoplerythrinus survived in air for 24 h and did not have an elevated oxygen uptake when put back into water.

The Behaviour, Survival and Respiration of the Cockles Cerastoderma Edule and C. Glaucum in Air

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Boyden
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Cerastoderma Edule ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Scope ◽  
Uptake Rates

Aspects of the physiology of the two cockles Cerastoderma edule (L.) and C. glaucum (Poiret) in air have been investigated. Both cockles exhibit bradycardia during exposure and are similarly tolerant of anoxic conditions, but C. edule survives longer in air than C. glaucum. This is accounted for by the fact that C. edule displays a behaviour pattern of valve movements upon emersion which allows air-breathing. Oxygen uptake rates of this cockle measured in air lie close to the lowest rates recorded in water, and are considered to approximate to a basal or quiescent level. C. glaucum does not air-breathe and is restricted to lowest shore levels. Values for ‘maximal’ levels of oxygen uptake in water have also been obtained together with estimates of metabolic scope for the cockle.

Bimodal oxygen uptake in a freshwater air-breathing fish,Notopterus chitala

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Ghosh ◽  
Amita Moitra ◽  
Gopal K. Kunwar ◽  
Jyoti S. D. Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Air Breathing

Air-breathing mechanics in two Amazonian teleosts, Arapaima gigas and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Farrell ◽  
D. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Breathing Mechanics ◽  
Replacement Technique ◽  
Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

The mechanics of air breathing in pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, and jeju, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, were studied by simultaneous monitoring of air bladder gas pressure and buccal pressure. Also the effect of alterations in air bladder gas tensions on air-breathing patterns was examined by a gas replacement technique. Pirarucu surface every 4.2 min to make a single ventilation of the air bladder, whilst jeju usually make two or three ventilations at an air breath every 3.0 min. Pirarucu exhale first, then inhale, but in jeju buccal filling occurred before lung emptying. Inhalation in pirarucu is a result of air bladder aspiration combined with the action of a buccal pump; however, lung filling in jeju is achieved by a buccal pump only. The significance of aspiration breathing in pirarucu is discussed. Both fish respond similarly to alterations in air bladder gas tensions. Hyperoxia prolongs the interval between air breaths and hypercapnia reduces this interval.

Some kinetic properties of skeletal muscle pyruvate kinase from air-breathing and water-breathing fish of the Amazon

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. A. Fields ◽  
W. R. Driedzic ◽  
C. J. French ◽  
P. W. Hochachka
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Hoplias Malabaricus ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Saturation Kinetics ◽  
Muscle Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

The kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase from skeletal muscle were studied in two species of air-breathing fish, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Arapaima gigas, and two species of water-breathing fish, Hoplias malabaricus and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum. It was found that the enzymes from Hoplias and Hoplerythrinus showed hyperbolic saturation kinetics for all substrates, were activated slightly by fructose 1,6-diphosphate, and were inhibited by phosphocreatine and citrate. The enzyme from Hoplias was inhibited by alanine, whereas the enzyme from Hoplerythrinus was not. The enzymes from Arapaima and Osteoglossum showed hyperbolic saturation kinetics for adenosine diphosphate, but the saturation kinetics for phusphoenol-pyruvate were sigmoidal. These enzymes were strongly activated by fructose 1,6-diphosphate and strongly inhibited by alanine, the former completely reversing the inhibition by the latter. Phosphocreatine and citrate were also found to be inhibitors of these enzymes, but the inhibition by phosphocreatine was not reversed by additions of fructose 1,6-diphosphate. The enzymes from the water-breathing fish were more sensitive to inhibition by alanine than were those from the air-breathing fish, but in other respects the enzymes were very similar.

Effects of hypoxia on the partitioning of oxygen uptake and the rise in metabolism during digestion in the air-breathing fish Channa striata

Aquaculture ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 364-365 ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjannie Lefevre ◽  
Do Thi Thanh Huong ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Phuong ◽  
Tobias Wang ◽  
Mark Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Channa Striata

Selective control of branchial arch perfusion in an air-breathing Amazonian fish Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Smith ◽  
B. J. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
Oxygen Loss ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Gas Bladder ◽  
Hypoxic Water ◽  
Major Branch ◽  
Β Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

Vascular responses to adrenergic and cholinergic agonists were investigated in the air-breathing teleost Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus during in situ saline perfusion of the ventral aorta.The vasculature resembled that of other teleosts in having inhibitory β-adrenergic receptors and excitatory muscarinic receptors, probably located in the gills. The gas bladder vessels were apparently devoid of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors.The dorsal aorta was specialized between gill arches 2 and 3 in such a way that the dorsal aorta probably received most of its blood supply from arches 1 and 2. Arches 3 and 4 supplied the large coeliac artery whose major branch was to the gas bladder. Acetylcholine reduced the number of perfused gill arches so that most of the ventral aortic flow was directed towards the gas bladder through arches 3 and 4. This was seen as a possible solution to the problem of transbranchial oxygen loss that could arise if blood oxygenated at the gas bladder was exposed to hypoxic water at the gills.

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