Effects of winter conditions on the white-tailed deer of Delta Marsh, Manitoba

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1307-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Kucera
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Delta Marsh ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Cover Thickness

Summary of food and habitat preferences of Delta Marsh deer is presented. Wind-chill and snow-cover data were compared for three successive winters and related to the next year's fawning success. Snow cover that limited access to the herbaceous food, rather than wind and low temperature, apparently was responsible for the annual differences in observed fawn:doe ratios. Deer adapted their activity to both weather and snow-cover conditions. Use of different vegetation types was inversely related to snow-cover thickness. It is suggested that acute malnutrition, or inanition, without range depletion may be a common mechanism of regulating populations of ungulates that live near the limits of the species' distribution in areas with severe winters.

scholarly journals Specifics of boglands freezing in the north and northwest of the European part of Russia under climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
V. I. Batuev ◽  
I. L. Kalyuzhny
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Climatic Period ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Freezing Depth ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Cover Thickness

Long-term complex observations covering the period of 1949–2018 made possible to determine the average annual characteristics of the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and Northwest of the European territory of Russia together with main factors of its formation, and spatial and temporal variability. The main factors that determine the depth of freezing of wetlands are ambient temperature, snow cover thickness, and a degree of watering of the micro landscape (water reserves of the micro landscape). At the initial stage of freezing, the major factor is the ambient temperature, when intensity of the freezing reaches 0.5–0.8 cm/day. As snow falls, the freezing rate becomes smaller, and when the snow cover thickness reaches 25–30 cm the depth amounts to 0.2–0.3 cm/day and smaller. It was found that the spatial variability of the freezing depth decreases from large values of the coefficient of variation (0.3–0.4) at the depth of 20–30 cm to less than 0.1 when the depth exceeds 60 cm. The largest values of the depth are recorded in the North of the Kola Peninsula, where sometimes they reach from 84 to 97 cm with the average values of 48–66. In large hummocky bogs, when the seasonal freezing comes down to 63–65 cm it links with the permafrost layer. On average, swamps of these bogs freeze down to a depth of 68 cm. The average climatic depth of freezing of oligotrophic bogs of the NorthWest is 21–24 cm; in some years, freezing of them reaches 32–40 cm. It has been shown that the relative warming of the climate resulted in decreasing in the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia. Relative to the previous climatic period, the depth of frost penetration in the northern Ilasskoye bog decreased by 32%, and in north-western Lammin-Suo bog – by 31%.

scholarly journals Influence of local factors on the distribution of snow resources in northern Tien Shan

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
S.I. Severskiy ◽  
I.V. Severskiy
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
Northern Tien Shan ◽  
Different Altitudes

Methods of quantitative evaluation of the influence of local factors such as slope exposure (aspect and gradient) and types of vegetation on the distribution of snow cover found in the northern Tien Shan are described. This investigation is based on regular measurements of snow depth and density at different altitudes and exposures, and with different vegetation types. A strong statistical relationship was obtained between snow cover on the one hand and slope exposure and vegetation types on the other. Local factors have a stronger influence on the distribution of snow cover than elevation. These methods were used for the estimation of the distribution of snow cover in a typical river basin. The results obtained differ significantly from the results of evaluations made by traditional methods.

Wind Chill*

1948 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Court
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Convective Heat Loss

The rate of heat removal from the human body by wind and low temperature was termed Wind Chill by Siple and expressed by an empirical formula. This paper discusses the formula critically, pointing out that this measure of the convective heat loss may be less than three-quarters of the total heat lost by the body. Siple's formula is compared with those of others, and the use of the formula is discussed.

scholarly journals Conditions of spatiotemporal variability of the thickness of the ice cover on lakes in the Tatra Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2369-2386
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Solarski ◽  
Mirosław Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research aimed to identify the impact of local climatic and topographic conditions on the formation and development of the ice cover in high-mountain lakes and the representativeness assessment of periodic point measurements of the ice cover thickness by taking into consideration the role of the avalanches on the icing of the lakes. Field works included measurement of the ice and snow cover thickness of seven lakes situated in the Tatra Mountains (UNESCO biosphere reserve) at the beginning and the end of the 2017/2018 winter season. In addition, morphometric, topographic and daily meteorological data of lakes from local IMGW (Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) stations and satellite images were used. The obtained results enabled us to quantify the impact of the winter eolian snow accumulation on the variation in ice thickness. This variation was ranging from several centimetres up to about 2 meters and had a tendency to increase during the winter season. The thickest ice covers occurred in the most shaded places in the direct vicinity of rock walls. The obtained results confirm a dominating role of the snow cover in the variation of the ice thickness within individual lakes.

Freezing dehydration damages roots of containerized Scots pine (Pinussylvestris) seedlings overwintering under subarctic conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1602-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja-Liisa Sutinen ◽  
Kari Mäkitalo ◽  
Raimo Sutinen
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Subzero Temperature ◽  
Subarctic Region ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Living Root

The survival of conifer roots under winter conditions is not well understood. The effect of long-lasting freezing at extremely low temperatures on the survival of the roots of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) seedlings from a timberline seed source was studied. One-year-old containerized seedlings were kept for 4 months under winter conditions typical of the subarctic region. The freezing treatment was accelerated by preventing snow accumulation on half of the seedlings. The proportion of living root tissue and the amount of sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) and starch in the needles and roots were measured at weekly intervals. The temperature within the growth medium without snow cover fell on a number of occasions to −30 °C. The lowest temperature recorded within the snow-covered growth medium was −20 °C. The sugar content increased faster and to a higher level in the seedlings without snow cover, but it did not affect root survival. The proportion of living root tissue without a cover of snow decreased by 80% by the end of December, and the roots were completely injured by the end of February. There was only a slight decrease in the proportion of living roots among seedlings covered by snow. The reduced root survival was not directly related to exposure to the lowest freezing temperatures; instead, it was manifested some weeks after exposure. This suggests that dehydration resulting from prolonged severe freezing caused root damage. The presence of a cover of snow reduces subzero temperature extremes and the severity of dehydration; together, these result in enhanced root survival.

Growth and chemical composition of lotononis (Lotononis bainesii) under simulated winter conditions

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
WW Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Growth Experiments

Lotononis remains green in subtropical winters. To determine the effect of low temperature on growth, experiments were done under controlled temperature and light conditions. With a simulated midwinter day of three hours of frost and 10i hours of light and no other stress imposed, plants made slight but definite growth. It is inferred that winter temperatures do not completely prevent growth. When additional stress of partial defoliation was imposed, the amount of growth was reduced to about 15 per cent of that of undefoliated plants. This suggests that if lotononis is grazed in winter any further growth would be of insignificant practical value. Cold stress had little or no effect on mineral composition of the plants. The composition of nodules is recorded.

scholarly journals Calculations of ground freezing depth under bare and covered with the snow cover ground surface for the site of the meteorological observatory of Lomonosov Moscow State University for winter periods of 2011/12-2017/18

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
State University ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Ground Freezing ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Freezing Depth ◽  
Estimation Scheme ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
Moscow State University

The calculating scheme for estimation of ground freezing depth under bare and covered with the snow cover ground surface on basis of air temperature and snow cover thickness is constructed and the example of calculations is performed for the site of the meteorological observatory of Lomonosov Moscow State University for winter periods of 2011/12-2017/18. The comparison of results of estimation scheme and observations indicated good correspondence.

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