Thermal regulation of spring mating behavior in the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W. L. Hawley ◽  
Michael Aleksiuk
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Thermal Thresholds ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis Parietalis ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Thermal Induction

Exposure of Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis to elevated temperatures immediately after emergence from hibernation induced intense mating behavior. The thermal threshold for courtship varied widely among individuals, and ranged from below 5 °C to between 20° and 25 °C. The lowest temperature at which copulation occurred was 10 °C. Both courtship and copulation increased with increasing temperature, and reached maximal levels at 25° and 30 °C respectively. The existence of low thermal thresholds for mating behavior and the marked stimulating effect of temperature on mating behavior explain the rapid onset of courtship and copulation after emergence from hibernation. A possible mechanism for thermal induction of mating behavior is discussed.

Regulation of Seasonal Mating Behavior in Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis

Copeia ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 1974 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Aleksiuk ◽  
Patrick T. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis Parietalis

scholarly journals The effect of ambient temperature on the development of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, 1808)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barteková ◽  
J. Praslička
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Thermal Thresholds ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Temperature Controlled

The development of individual cotton bollworm stages depending on the ambient temperature was studied in laboratory conditions. The effect of temperature on the development of all stages of <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Helicoverpa armigera</I> was studied at three constant temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C in temperature-controlled chambers. The temperature dependence of the developmental rates and the thermal thresholds were established by means of linear regression. Our data has established following optimal temperatures: the lower thermal threshold for the development of&nbsp;the <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Helicoverpa armigera</I> eggs is 14.83°C, for the development of&nbsp;the larvae is 11.34°C and for the development of&nbsp;the pupae is 8.18°C. The termal constant for the development of&nbsp;the <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Helicoverpa armigera</I> eggs is 64.10 day-degrees, for the development of&nbsp;the larvae is 344.83 day-degrees and for the development of&nbsp;the pupae is 222.22 day-degrees. The lower thermal threshold for the total <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Helicoverpa armigera </I>development is 11.50�C and the thermal constant is 625.00 day-degrees.

Sex and seasonal differences in metabolism in the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2362-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Crews ◽  
Mark Grassman ◽  
William R. Garstka ◽  
Andrew Halpert ◽  
Brian Camazine
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis Parietalis ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Laboratory Populations

Field and laboratory studies revealed that male and female Canadian red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, differ in the pattern of body mass gain, nutrient storage, and nutrient availability following emergence from hibernation. In nature males fail to gain weight or store fat until 3 weeks after emergence from prolonged (7 months) winter hibernation. In the laboratory males also do not exhibit an increase in body mass following emergence from artificial hibernation (17 weeks) until mating behavior has ended, about 3 weeks after emergence; as in free-living males, fat stores do not increase until all mating behavior has ceased. In contrast, females in both field and laboratory populations gain weight steadily following emergence but exhibit a gradual decrease in the proportion of abdominal fat reserves to body mass. While females exhibit increased serum levels of protein, unchanged levels of glucose, and decreased levels of lipid, males exhibit unchanged levels of protein, increased levels of glucose, and decreased levels of lipid. Males display a greater resting oxygen consumption postemergence compared with females. Oxygen consumption was decreased in both sexes during the period coinciding with mating; at the end of breeding, oxygen consumption increased. These data are consistent with the marked differences in reproductive behaviors between the sexes following emergence from hibernation.

scholarly journals Microscratch characteristic and deformation mechanism of SiC particle-reinforced composites at elevated temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X1989869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjun Kong ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Minghai Wang ◽  
Yaohui Zheng ◽  
Shujuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effect of temperature on scratching forces for 16% SiC/Al and 45% SiC/Al composites was investigated in this article. The results showed that the mean normal forces for 16% SiCp/Al and 45% SiCp/Al decreased by 80% and 68% at 300°C compared with 25°C, and the average tangential force decreased by 67% and 66%, respectively. The reason was that the strength of composites was reduced with the increasing temperature, which results in a reduction of flow stresses in the primary shear zones. There are three stages occurring in the scratching process according to the cutting tool interacting with different phases with the increasing temperature. The temperature and the particle contents have an obvious effect on the deformation mechanism by influencing the ratio value of the elastic modulus and hardness. It is founded that the friction coefficient increased fast when the temperatures increased from 25° to 300°C for both 16% SiCp/Al and 45% SiCp/Al composites, and the temperature provided a bigger influence compared with the particle contents. Furthermore, two distinct regions of the hardness variation with the increasing temperature for both two composites were observed: (1) a gradual decrease with the temperature up to 285°C and (2) an abrupt dropping above 285°C. Finally, a physical model representing the deformation process considering the elastic recovery and piles up in high temperature has been developed.

Effect of Temperature, Velocity Gradient and I.V. Heparin on in Vitro Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dintenfass ◽  
M. C Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

SummaryA study of blood coagulation was carried out by observing changes in the blood viscosity of blood coagulating in the cone-in-cone viscometer. The clots were investigated by microscopic techniques.Immediately after blood is obtained by venepuncture, viscosity of blood remains constant for a certain “latent” period. The duration of this period depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the blood sample, but also on temperature and rate of shear used during blood storage. An increase of temperature decreases the clotting time ; also, an increase in the rate of shear decreases the clotting time.It is confirmed that morphological changes take place in blood coagula as a function of the velocity gradient at which such coagulation takes place. There is a progressive change from the red clot to white thrombus as the rates of shear increase. Aggregation of platelets increases as the rate of shear increases.This pattern is maintained with changes of temperature, although aggregation of platelets appears to be increased at elevated temperatures.Intravenously added heparin affects the clotting time and the aggregation of platelets in in vitro coagulation.

scholarly journals Theoretical Effect of Temperature on Threshold in the Hodgkin-Huxley Nerve Model

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fitzhugh
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Ionic Conductances ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In the squid giant axon, Sjodin and Mullins (1958), using 1 msec duration pulses, found a decrease of threshold with increasing temperature, while Guttman (1962), using 100 msec pulses, found an increase. Both results are qualitatively predicted by the Hodgkin-Huxley model. The threshold vs. temperature curve varies so much with the assumptions made regarding the temperature-dependence of the membrane ionic conductances that quantitative comparison between theory and experiment is not yet possible. For very short pulses, increasing temperature has two effects. (1) At lower temperatures the decrease of relaxation time of Na activation (m) relative to the electrical (RC) relaxation time favors excitation and decreases threshold. (2) For higher temperatures, effect (1) saturates, but the decreasing relaxation times of Na inactivation (h) and K activation (n) factor accommodation and increased threshold. The result is a U-shaped threshold temperature curve. R. Guttman has obtained such U-shaped curves for 50 µsec pulses. Assuming higher ionic conductances decreases the electrical relaxation time and shifts the curve to the right along the temperature axis. Making the conductances increase with temperature flattens the curve. Using very long pulses favors effect (2) over (1) and makes threshold increase monotonically with temperature.

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