PSEUDOMETAGEA SCHWARZII (ASHM.) (EUCHARITIDAE: HYMENOPTERA), A PARASITE OF LASIUS NEONIGER EMERY (FORMICIDAE: HYMENOPTERA)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ayre
Keyword(s):  
Host Population ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Percent Parasitism ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Ant Nest ◽  
Lasius Neoniger

In 1960 and 1961, studies were made on Pseudometagea schwarzii (Ashm.), a parasite of Lasius neoniger Emery in southern Ontario. The eggs are deposited in vegetation surrounding the ant nest and the first instar larvae (planidia) transfer to the ant Larvae by attaching themselves to the worker ants. The larvae overwinter as internal parasites but complete their development as external parasites after the host has pupated in the spring. The adults emerge in June and oviposit immediately.The adult parasites usually do not leave the area of the nest and, through the foraging activities of the ants, the planidia are returned to the colony that was originally parasitized. Hence the population is intensified and localized. Ninety percent parasitism of the overwintering brood may occur. The possible effects of this parasite on the host population are discussed.

Population size, variability, and aggregation among forest lepidoptera in southern Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dean ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Size Variability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forest Lepidoptera

Abundance, variability, and aggregation of larval populations of 162 species of lepidoptera, feeding on the foliage of primarily deciduous trees in southern Ontario, were analyzed to test four hypotheses about the relationship of species to their resources. The lepidoptera larvae were treated both as exploiters of foliage and as resources for parasitoids. Multiple regression and partial correlation analysis revealed that (1) the abundance and variability of a moth population were independent of the diversity of host trees fed upon, (2) the incidence of parasitism on a moth population was independent of the variability of the host population, and (3) the diversity of parasites of a moth was independent of the variability of the host population. We raise the possibility that parasites may be ineffective control agents for lepidoptera species.

OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR AND THE EGG OF ACROCERA ORBICULA (FAB.) (DIPTERA: ACROCERIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Ralley
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Book Lungs ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Internal Parasites

The larvae of all known species of Acroceridae are internal parasites of spiders (Araneae) and recently (Sferra 1986), first-instar larvae have been described from mites (Acari). The eggs usually are laid in close proximity to their hosts, and the first-instar larvae (planidia) wait for, or actively seek, a host. Once a host is found, the larvae burrow through the spider's integument and attach to the book lungs where they remain in diapause for several months. The consecutive larval instars occur rapidly, during which time the larva consumes most of the liquid contents of the host. The larvae emerge posteriorly from the host, attach to the spider silk for pupation, and adults emerge in 7–10 days. Acrocerid biology was most recently reviewed by Schlinger (1969, 1981).

Laboratory Studies on the Feeding Habits of Seven Species of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Ontario

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 712-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ayre
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Tapinoma Sessile ◽  
Formica Exsectoides ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Large Living ◽  
Lasius Neoniger

AbstractPreliminary laboratory investigations of the feeding habits of seven species of ants occurring in southern Ontario showed that Camponotus herculeanus (Li.), Crematogaster lineolata (Say) and Formica exsectoides Forel are very predacious and will also eat dead insects. Myrmica americana Weber, Solenopsis molesta (Say) and Tapinoma sessile (Say) are also predacious, but probably because of the small size of the individuals and the colonies they are unable to capture large living insects. Lasius neoniger Emery, a relatively timid ant, may develop large populations and consume considerable numbers of other insects, but it is not recommended as a control agent because it can become troublesome on lawns.

Life history and biology of the riffle bug Rhagovelia obesa Uhler (Heteroptera: Veliidae) in Southern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanna Cheng ◽  
C. H. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Unusual Feature ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Life History Study

The life history of Rhagovelia obesa (Heteroptera: Veliidae) was investigated using field collected and laboratory reared material. The nymphal instars and adults are described and figured. This is the first life-history study of Rhagovelia or its related genera Tetraripis and Trochopus. These genera together have almost a worldwide distribution and are characterized by a unique swimming plume beating underwater. Four nymphal instars occur instead of the usual five. The overwintering stage is the egg, another unusual feature for aquatic Hemiptera. The site(s) of egg laying have not been located. For the first time Rhagovelia has been raised in the laboratory from first instar to adult.

The Instars of a Maggot (Pegohylemyia) Inhabiting White Spruce Cones

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Tripp
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Maggots of Pegohylemyia sp. have been found inhabiting the cones of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss, in southern Ontario. The species was identified from a single male specimen as probably Pegohylemyia anthracina Czerny by the Swedish authority Dr. O. Ringdahl. Difficulty in rearing the maggots to the adult stage has delayed confirmation of this identification but it is expected that a good series of adults will be available shortly. In this paper, however, the emphasis is placed on the instars with an outline of the life cycle. It is shown that the second- and third-instar larvae are free-living, but the first-instar larvae moult to the second within the egg chorion.

Life cycles, microdistribution, and food of two species of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in a wooded stream in Southern Ontario

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2582-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Singh ◽  
S. M. Smith ◽  
A. D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
First Instar

Accounts of life histories, microdistributions, and food of Rhyacophila minor and Wormaldia moesta (Trichoptera) inhabiting a headwater stream in Ontario are presented. Rhyacophila minor is a caseless predator and W. moesta is a net-spinning filter feeder. First-instar larvae of W. moesta inhabited the stream longer than those of R. minor. The other instars of W. moesta grew rapidly and those of R. minor grew slowly. Pupae of both species showed a tendency to aggregate on bare stones. Both species were univoltine and water temperature is hypothesized to be an important factor regulating growth and voltinism. Wormaldia moesta was patchily and R. minor more uniformaly distributed in the stream. Rhyacophila minor preferred moss-covered stones whereas W. moesta preferred bare stones; however, these preferences changed with season and larval instar and are attributed partially to changing physical conditions in the stream. Although R. minor is primarily carnivorous, the early instars fed extensively on plant material; this behavior is attributed partly to their inability to prey and partly to the abundance of plant-food resources. Wormaldia moesta fed primarily on detritus; it may supplement the diet by grazing on diatoms when the seston is in low supply.

VIRUSES OF TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) IN SOIL IN FIELDS OF CRUCIFERS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractIn 1968 and 1969 soil samples were collected and bioassayed from 116 fields of crucifers from 14 counties in southern Ontario. Residues of T. ni viruses (nuclear-polyhedrosis (NPV) and granulosis (GV)) were found in soil from 12 counties, being detected in 68 and 45% of soil samples in the respective years. P. rapae granulosis virus (GV) occurred in soil from 7 counties, being found in 18 and 19% of samples. T. ni NPV was more common than T. ni GV. The concentration of viruses of both host species in soil was influenced by density of the host population, crop rotation, soil pH, and month of sampling.

Impact and oviposition behaviour ofAgeniaspis fuscicollis(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a polyembryonic parasitoid of the apple ermine moth,Yponomeuta malinellus(Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Kuhlmann ◽  
D. Babendreier ◽  
T.S. Hoffmeister ◽  
N.J. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Percent Parasitism ◽  
Inverse Density Dependence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Apple Ermine Moth ◽  
Whole Tree

AbstractThe distribution and extent of parasitism of the apple ermine mothYponomeuta malinellusZeller by the polyembyronic encyrtid parasitoidAgeniaspis fuscicollis(Dalman) were examined in a three year field study and related to oviposition behaviour in the laboratory.Ageniaspis fuscicollisattacks egg batches of its host and kills the final instar larvae, which feed gregariously from within tents. Host population densities in the field were low, from 1.5 to 2.2 tents per 100 leaf clusters, and parasitism increased from 7.8% to 18% over the three year period. Parasitism was independent of host density at the whole tree scale, but at the individual tent scale, the probability of a tent containing parasitized host larvae increased and percent parasitism decreased with the number of host larvae per tent. Observations on the oviposition behaviour ofA. fuscicollisin the laboratory revealed that parasitoids distributed their eggs randomly within host egg batches. On average, they spent almost two hours on an egg batch and laid 44% of their egg load of 132 eggs into the first egg batch visited, leading to a mean of 1.4 eggs laid per host egg through frequent self-superparasitism of hosts. The percentage of eggs receiving one or more ovipositions was independent of the size of an egg batch, contradicting our field observations of inverse density dependence. Factors that might account for the differences in rates of parasitism and attack distributions between laboratory and field data are discussed.

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