THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON THE RESPIRATORY METABOLISM OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Evans ◽  
F. C. Purdie ◽  
C. P. Hickman Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Metabolic Compensation

Mid-winter spawning rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were acclimated for a minimum of 43 days to one of four temperature–photoperiod conditions: 16 °C–16L (hours daily photoperiod), 16 °C–8L, 8 °C–16L, 8 °C–8L. Oxygen consumption of the intact fish and of samples of liver, gill, and brain were measured at acclimation temperature.Brain showed complete metabolic compensation to temperature ([Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] at 16 °C) and liver showed overcompensation ([Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] at 16 °C). No compensation occurred in gill respiration. Total respiration showed partial temperature compensation. It is suggested that complete compensation in brain would maintain nervous co-ordination and motor conduction at optimal levels, thus permitting a large degree of temperature independence of locomotor activity.[Formula: see text] values of the tissue showed a trend for the 8L tissues to metabolize more rapidly than the 16L group, except for gill at 16 °C. Photoperiod did not significantly affect total metabolic rates, but in the larger fish (> 40 g) at 16 °C, the 8L group tended to show a higher metabolic rate than the 16L group.

Oxygen consumption of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in relation to activity and salinity

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madan Mohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Cost

The oxygen consumption of the rainbow trout ranging in size from 23 to 196 g was measured at 5 °C and 15 °C in fresh water and salinities of 7.5‰, 15‰, and 30‰. The standard rate of metabolism and metabolic rates at various levels of steady swimming were determined.The cost of swimming and the cost of osmoregulation in terms of oxygen consumption for a 100-g fish were calculated on the assumption that there was no cost of osmoregulation in a salinity of 7.5‰. In fresh water and in 15‰ salinity the cost of osmoregulation was 20% of total metabolism while in a salinity of 30‰ it was 27%. This 27% of the total metabolism attributed to cost of osmoregulation does not appear to be proportional to the increase in osmotic gradient in 30‰ salinity.

Effect of Temperature on Accumulation of Methylmercuric Chloride and p,p′DDT by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1649-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Reinert ◽  
Linda J. Stone ◽  
Wayne A. Willford
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Methylmercuric Chloride ◽  
Concentration Factors

Amounts of mercury and DDT residues accumulated from water by yearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in the laboratory increased as water temperature increased. Fish exposed to methylmercuric chloride at concentrations of 234–263 parts per trillion for 12 wk at 5, 10, and 15 C accumulated 1.19, 1.71, and 1.96 ppm; fish exposed to p,p′DDT at concentrations of 133–176 parts per trillion accumulated 3.76, 5.93, and 6.82 ppm. Concentrations of mercury accumulated by the fish were significantly different (P < 0.01) at each of the three temperatures, and the concentrations of DDT were significantly different at 5 and 10 and 5 and 15 C. Throughout the period of exposure, the concentration factors (concentration of contaminant in the fish/concentration in water) at each of the three temperatures were far higher for p,p′DDT than for methylmercuric chloride.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON METABOLIC RATES OF LIVER AND BROWN FAT HOMOGENATES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1763-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C. Roberts ◽  
Robert E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature in vitro upon metabolic rates of homogenates of brown fat and liver from control and cold-acclimated rats have been examined over the range 10–37 °C. At all temperatures, brown adipose tissue exhibits a higher rate of oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] than does liver, α-ketoglutarate being used as substrate. At 10 °C, brown adipose tissue retains a larger percentage (36–38%) of its 37 °C metabolic rate than does liver (22–24%).Q10 values and energies of activation (Ea) have been determined and compared with other data reported for these tissues. At 20 °C, breaks appear in the Arrhenius plots for liver from both control and cold-acclimated rats and also for brown fat from control rats, but not for the brown fat from cold-acclimated rats. Thus brown adipose tissue from cold-acclimated rats retains relatively higher levels of respiration at temperatures below the 20 °C breaking point than does brown fat from control rats.In view of previously reported cold-induced increases in mass, vascularity, and [Formula: see text] of brown fat, this decreased temperature sensitivity in the cold-acclimated rats appears wholly consonant with the adaptive behavior of brown fat in its role as a thermogenic effector.

Respiratory Metabolism of Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) in Relation to Swimming Speed

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett ◽  
D. B. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rates

By use of a "tunnel" respirometer the relation between oxygen consumption (Y, mg O2/kg/hr) and swimming speed (X, body lengths/sec) for 45-g pumpkinseed at 20 °C was found to follow the equation log10Y = 1.65 4 + 0.31 X. Standard and active metabolic rates were 45 ± 6.6 and 408 ± 39 mg O2/kg/hr, respectively. Maximum 60-min sustained swimming speeds averaged 3.01 ± 0.27 lengths/sec.At low velocities, with more than one fish present, elevation of the metabolic rate occurred from aggressive behaviour, reaching one-half the active rate.

DORSAL AORTIC BLOOD PRESSURES RECORDED FROM THE RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Randall ◽  
L. S. Smith ◽  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Cannulation Technique ◽  
Blood Pressures

Dorsal aortic blood pressures were recorded from unanesthetized, free-swimming intact fish by a previously described cannulation technique. Some cardiovascular and breathing changes during recovery from the operation and anesthesia are reported. Dorsal aortic systolic blood pressures of 38.7 ± 2.9 mm Hg were recorded from unrestrained intact trout (Salmo gairdneri). A limited study indicated that there were no variations in dorsal aortic systolic blood pressure with changes in oxygen consumption in quiescent fish.

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