Respiratory Metabolism of Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) in Relation to Swimming Speed

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brett ◽  
D. B. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rates

By use of a "tunnel" respirometer the relation between oxygen consumption (Y, mg O2/kg/hr) and swimming speed (X, body lengths/sec) for 45-g pumpkinseed at 20 °C was found to follow the equation log10Y = 1.65 4 + 0.31 X. Standard and active metabolic rates were 45 ± 6.6 and 408 ± 39 mg O2/kg/hr, respectively. Maximum 60-min sustained swimming speeds averaged 3.01 ± 0.27 lengths/sec.At low velocities, with more than one fish present, elevation of the metabolic rate occurred from aggressive behaviour, reaching one-half the active rate.

scholarly journals Energy Partitioning in Fish: The Activityrelated Cost of Osmoregulation in a Euryhaline Cichlid

1987 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO FEBRY ◽  
PETER LUTZ
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Related Cost ◽  
The Cost

We have investigated how the maintenance, net cost of swimming and total (maintenance + net cost of swimming) metabolic rates of red, hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ♀ × O. hornorum ♂) responded to different acclimation salinities, and if these responses correlated with changes in ion-osmoregulation (= osmoregulation) costs. Three groups of fish were acclimated to either fresh water (FW, 0‰), isosmotic sea water (ISW, 12‰) or full strength sea water (SW, 35 ‰) and oxygen consumption was measured while they swam at 10, 20, 30 and 40cms-1. Maintenance oxygen consumption (estimated by extrapolation), for an average fish (63g), increased among groups in the following order: FW < ISW < SW. The net cost of swimming increased in the order ISW < SW < FW, and total oxygen consumption (maintenance + net cost of swimming) increased in the order ISW < FW < SW. We assumed that the contribution of cardiac, branchial and swimming muscles to the net cost of swimming was proportional to swimming speed only, and therefore, at similar speeds, differences in the net cost of swimming among salinities were due to changes in the activity-related cost of osmoregulation. Consequently, the order in which the net cost of swimming increases from one group to another is the same as the order in which the cost of osmoregulation increases. Since the sequences for maintenance and total metabolic rates differed from that for the net cost of swimming, salinity-related increases in these rates cannot be attributed exclusively to changes in osmoregulation cost. We conclude, based on the differences in the net cost of swimming, that osmoregulation in FW is more expensive than in SW, and that it is cheapest in ISW. Although we were not able to estimate the total cost of osmoregulation in FW and SW, we estimated the activity-related cost, relative to the cost in ISW, at different swimming speeds (net cost of swimming in FW or SW minus net cost of swimming in ISW at each speed). For a 63-g fish in FW, this cost increased from zero at rest, to 41mgO2kg−1h−1 (16% of the total metabolic rate, 24% of the net cost swimming) at 40 cms−1. In SW the same cost increased only to 32 mgO2 kg−1h−1 (12% of the total metabolic rate, 20% of the net cost of swimming) at 40cms−1. The net cost of swimming in FW or SW increased with swimming speed at a rate 3×4 times faster

Respiratory Metabolism During Pregnancy in the Guinea Pig

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Hoar ◽  
William C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Morphological Differences

Oxygen consumption and heart rate during pregnancy were measured in untreated, thyroxin-injected and thyroidectomized guinea pigs given I131. From impregnation until parturition, oxygen consumption increased 7.9% in untreated females. The increase continued until 5 days postpartum when a sharp decrease occurred. The increase is not accounted for by growth of the fetal mass. Comparable increases occurred in thyroxin-injected (16.2%) and thyroidectomized (11.9%) females, although the levels throughout were higher and lower, respectively, than in intact females. Heart rate did not increase. On the contrary, statistically significant decreases occurred in the untreated and thyroxin-injected females. Although the mechanism associated with the increased metabolic rate is not known, the possibility of thyroid participation would seem to be excluded. Involvement of the adrenal cortex is suggested by morphological differences in the cells of the zona fasciculata in pregnant and nonpregnant females and by evidence cited from other studies.

Metabolic phenotype is not associated with vulnerability to angling in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Louison ◽  
J.A. Stein ◽  
C.D. Suski
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Context Specific

Prior work has described a link between an individual’s metabolic rate and a willingness to take risks. One context in which high metabolic rates and risk-prone behaviors may prove to be maladaptive is in fish that strike fishing lures only to be captured by anglers. It has been shown that metabolic phenotype may be altered by angling; however, little work has assessed metabolic rate in fish and its relationship to angling vulnerability in a realistic angling trial. To address this, we subjected a set of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819) to a series of angling sessions. Following this, a subset of 23 fish that had been captured at least once and 25 fish that had not been captured were assessed for metabolic phenotype (standard and maximum metabolic rates, postexercise oxygen consumption, and recovery time) via intermittent flow respirometry. Contrary to predictions, captured and uncaptured fish did not differ in any measurement of metabolic rate. These results suggest that metabolic phenotype is not a determinant of angling vulnerability within the studied context. It is possible, therefore, that previously described alterations in metabolic phenotype owing to angling pressure may be context-specific and may not apply to all species and angling contexts.

Interaction Between Thyroxine and Dibenzyline on Metabolic Rate

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neena B. Schwartz ◽  
Gerald E. Hammond ◽  
Gerald A. Gronert
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Pressor Effect ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Doses of Dibenzyline adequate to block the pressor effect of epinephrine were administered to rats with various degrees of chronic hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Rate of oxygen consumption was measured under barbiturate anesthesia. Dibenzyline decreased or did not change hypothyroid metabolic rates, but increased metabolic rates in hyperthyroid rats. The data indicated that Dibenzyline exerts a synergistic effect with thyroxine on metabolism resembling the previously reported synergism between thyroxine and epinephrine. Apparently discrepant findings presented in the literature regarding the interaction of thyroxine and Dibenzyline probably result from differences in the thyroid status of the experimental animals.

Standard metabolic rate and preferred body temperatures in some Australian pythons

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin S. Bedford ◽  
Keith A. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

Pythons have standard metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures that are lower than those of most other reptiles. This study investigated metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures of seven taxa of Australian pythons. We found that Australian pythons have particularly low metabolic rates when compared with other boid snakes, and that the metabolic rates of the pythons did not change either seasonally or on a daily cycle. Preferred body temperatures do vary seasonally in some species but not in others. Across all species and seasons, the preferred body temperature range was only 4.9˚C. The thermal sensitivity (Q10) of oxygen consumption by pythons conformed to the established range of between 2 and 3. Allometric equations for the pooled python data at each of the experimental temperatures gave an equation exponent of 0.72–0.76, which is similar to previously reported values. By having low preferred body temperatures and low metabolic rates, pythons appear to be able to conserve energy while still maintaining a vigilant ‘sit and wait’ predatory existence. These physiological attributes would allow pythons to maximise the time they can spend ‘sitting and waiting’ in the pursuit of prey.

Oxygen uptake by embryos and ovigerous females of two intertidal crabs, Heterozius rotundifrons (Belliidae) and Cyclograpsus lavauxi (Grapsidae): scaling and the metabolic costs of reproduction

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Taylor ◽  
N. Leelapiyanart
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Intertidal Habitats

Heterozius rotundifrons and Cyclograpsus lavauxi are crabs of similar size, whose intertidal habitats overlap. They differ in the number and size of their eggs. A 2 g ovigerous H. rotundifrons incubates 675 large yolky eggs (mean single-egg mass 269 microg; egg clutch 9.15 % of mass of female crab; increasing to 435 microg and 13.4 % at hatching). The egg clutch of a 2 g C. lavauxi is larger (15.4 % of crab mass increasing to 18.9 % at hatching) and contains more numerous (28 000), smaller (10.9 microg increasing to 20.3 microg) eggs. The longer development time of the larger eggs (194 days versus 56 days at 15 degrees C) results from a delayed increase in metabolic rate (diapause) and not metabolic scaling. On the basis of the total mass of single eggs, the mass-specific metabolic rates of early embryonic stages of H. rotundifrons (0.72 micromol g(−1)h(−1) for the blastula stage at 15 degrees C) and C. lavauxi (1.13 micromol g(−1)h(−1)) were similar to those of the adult female crabs (0.70 micromol g(−1)h(−1) for H. rotundifrons and 0.91 micromol g(−1)h(−1) for C. lavauxi) and increased 13- and 10-fold, respectively, by the time of hatching. Thus, early embryonic metabolic rates were much lower than expected from their mass, but the metabolic rates of pre-hatching embryos were consistent with the allometry of juveniles and adults. Possible interpretations of this apparently anomalous scaling of embryonic metabolic rates are discussed. Mass-specific rates of oxygen consumption by ovigerous females (including the eggs) of both species were higher than for non-ovigerous crabs, in water and in air, and increased greatly during the development of the eggs. This difference was attributable mainly to the increasing metabolic rates of the attached embryos, but early ovigerous crabs (blastula stage) of both species also demonstrated a small elevation in metabolic rate by the crab itself, i.e. a metabolic cost of egg-bearing. In contrast, the elevation of the rate of oxygen consumption by late ovigerous females of C. lavauxi was less than predicted from the metabolic rate of eggs in a stirred respirometer. This suggests that, towards the end of development in C. lavauxi, the oxygen supply to the eggs in situ may be diffusion-limited by unstirred layers, an effect not observed for the larger eggs and more open egg clutch of H. rotundifrons. The cost of development, in terms of total oxygen consumption of single eggs, from extrusion to hatching, was 3.34 micromol O2 (approximately 1.5 J) for H. rotundifrons and 0.105 micromol O2 (approximately 0.05 J) for C. lavauxi. This 30-fold ratio approximates the ratios of their initial masses and yolk contents but represents only approximately one-third of the initial energy contents of the eggs.

Comparison of Metabolic Rates of Young of the Year Beluga (Huso huso), Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Bester Hybrid Reared in a Recirculating Aquaculture System

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mirela Crețu ◽  
Raluca-Cristina Guriencu ◽  
Lorena Dediu ◽  
Maria-Desimira Stroe
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Routine Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Huso Huso ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture System ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture System ◽  
Sterlet Acipenser Ruthenus

In the present study, oxygen consumption of two sturgeon species, beluga (Huso huso), sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), and their hybrid reared in a recirculating aquaculture system were compared over body intervals from 54–107 g to determine the interspecific variation of metabolic rate. Metabolic rates were measured using the intermittent-flow respirometry technique. Standard oxygen consumption rates (SMR, mg O2 h−1) of sterlet were 30% higher compared with beluga and 22% higher compared with bester hybrid. The routine metabolic rate (RMR, mg O2 h−1) averaged 1.58 ± 0.13 times the SMR for A. ruthenus, 1.59 ± 0.3 for H. huso, and 1.42 ± 0.15 for the hybrid bester. However, the study revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between mean values of SMR and RMR for beluga and bester hybrid. The scaling coefficient reflected a closed isometry for the hybrid (b = 0.97), while for the purebred species the coefficient of 0.8 suggests a reduction in oxygen consumption with increasing body mass. These findings may contribute to understanding the differences in growth performances and oxygen requirements of the studied species reared in intensive aquaculture system.

scholarly journals Effects of obesity and sex on the energetic cost and preferred speed of walking

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Browning ◽  
Emily A. Baker ◽  
Jessica A. Herron ◽  
Rodger Kram
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gross Energy

The metabolic energy cost of walking is determined, to a large degree, by body mass, but it is not clear how body composition and mass distribution influence this cost. We tested the hypothesis that walking would be most expensive for obese women compared with obese men and normal-weight women and men. Furthermore, we hypothesized that for all groups, preferred walking speed would correspond to the speed that minimized the gross energy cost per distance. We measured body composition, maximal oxygen consumption, and preferred walking speed of 39 (19 class II obese, 20 normal weight) women and men. We also measured oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production while the subjects walked on a level treadmill at six speeds (0.50–1.75 m/s). Both obesity and sex affected the net metabolic rate (W/kg) of walking. Net metabolic rates of obese subjects were only ∼10% greater (per kg) than for normal-weight subjects, and net metabolic rates for women were ∼10% greater than for men. The increase in net metabolic rate at faster walking speeds was greatest in obese women compared with the other groups. Preferred walking speed was not different across groups (1.42 m/s) and was near the speed that minimized gross energy cost per distance. Surprisingly, mass distribution (thigh mass/body mass) was not related to net metabolic rate, but body composition (% fat) was ( r2 = 0.43). Detailed biomechanical studies of walking are needed to investigate whether obese individuals adopt novel energy saving mechanisms during walking.

Quantitation of oxygen consumption and spontaneous muscular activity of the rat

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro O. Bramante
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
A New Technique

Oxygen consumption (Vo2) and spontaneous muscular activity of albino rats, recorded with apparatus previously described and quantitated with a new technique, exhibited highly significant correlations when paired in successive 10-min periods with a 5-min lag of Vo2 ( y) in respect to spontaneous muscular activity ( x). Since fasting and nonfasting male rats of different weights (range: 156—462 g) showed at perfect rest a quite narrow scatter of metabolic rates ( y = yaKgb ± 6% se) and since y was linearly correlated with x (se = 7.1% fasting; 5.5% nonfasting), theoretical Vo2 values could be predicted from y = Kgyb( m + nx) when the appropriate value of b, experimentally found (in this case 0.48), was used. In two-thirds of the observations the lowest 5-min values of Vo2 did not represent the true basal metabolic rate of the animal since they coincided with variable amounts of spontaneous activity. Data show that the basal metabolic rate of the albino rat is more predictable than generally admitted. Submitted on May 26, 1961

scholarly journals Coulometric measurement of oxygen consumption during development of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Hoegh-Guldberg ◽  
D Manahan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Metabolic Rates

Determining the metabolic rate of larval invertebrates from aquatic habitats is complicated by the problems of small size and the scarcity of suitable measurement techniques. In this study, coulometric respirometry (a new technique for the study of marine embryos and larvae) was used to explore several issues associated with the rate of energy use during embryonic and larval development of marine invertebrates from three phyla. Coulometric respirometry measures rates of oxygen consumption under normoxic conditions by electrochemically replacing the oxygen consumed by organisms during an experiment. This technique is based on the assumption that all electrons consumed by the anodic reactions result in the production of oxygen. We verify this assumption using direct measurements of oxygen production and show that the technique is sensitive enough (1 nmol O2 h-1) to quantify the oxygen consumption of a single individual swimming freely in a relatively large volume (2 ml). Continuous measurements can span days, and embryos in the coulometric respiration chambers develop to the larval stage at normal rates of differentiation. Measurements of metabolic rates were made with the coulometric respirometer during the complete life-span of larvae of three species (asteroid, Asterina miniata; bivalve, Crassostrea gigas; echinoid, Dendraster excentricus). For these species, metabolic power equations had mass exponents near unity (0.9­1.1), showing that metabolic rate scales isometrically with mass during larval growth. Metabolic rates were independent of the concentration of larvae used in the respirometer chambers for a range of larval concentrations from 4 to 400 larvae ml-1 (coulometric respirometer) and from 241 to 809 larvae ml-1 (polarographic oxygen sensor). Metabolic rates were measured using coulometric respirometry and two other commonly used techniques, polarographic oxygen sensors and Winkler's titration. Polarographic oxygen sensors in small, sealed chambers (100 µl) consistently gave the lowest values (by as much as 80 %) for the asteroid, echinoid and molluscan larvae. By comparison, rates of oxygen consumption measured using coulometric respirometry and Winkler's titration (to measure the change in oxygen concentration over time) were similar and consistently higher. Although the polarographic oxygen sensor is the most widely used method for measuring the metabolism of small animals in sealed 100­1000 µl chambers, it appears that the metabolism of some larvae is adversely affected by the conditions within these respirometers.

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