Oxygen consumption of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in relation to activity and salinity

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madan Mohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Cost

The oxygen consumption of the rainbow trout ranging in size from 23 to 196 g was measured at 5 °C and 15 °C in fresh water and salinities of 7.5‰, 15‰, and 30‰. The standard rate of metabolism and metabolic rates at various levels of steady swimming were determined.The cost of swimming and the cost of osmoregulation in terms of oxygen consumption for a 100-g fish were calculated on the assumption that there was no cost of osmoregulation in a salinity of 7.5‰. In fresh water and in 15‰ salinity the cost of osmoregulation was 20% of total metabolism while in a salinity of 30‰ it was 27%. This 27% of the total metabolism attributed to cost of osmoregulation does not appear to be proportional to the increase in osmotic gradient in 30‰ salinity.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON THE RESPIRATORY METABOLISM OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Evans ◽  
F. C. Purdie ◽  
C. P. Hickman Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Metabolic Compensation

Mid-winter spawning rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were acclimated for a minimum of 43 days to one of four temperature–photoperiod conditions: 16 °C–16L (hours daily photoperiod), 16 °C–8L, 8 °C–16L, 8 °C–8L. Oxygen consumption of the intact fish and of samples of liver, gill, and brain were measured at acclimation temperature.Brain showed complete metabolic compensation to temperature ([Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] at 16 °C) and liver showed overcompensation ([Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] at 16 °C). No compensation occurred in gill respiration. Total respiration showed partial temperature compensation. It is suggested that complete compensation in brain would maintain nervous co-ordination and motor conduction at optimal levels, thus permitting a large degree of temperature independence of locomotor activity.[Formula: see text] values of the tissue showed a trend for the 8L tissues to metabolize more rapidly than the 16L group, except for gill at 16 °C. Photoperiod did not significantly affect total metabolic rates, but in the larger fish (> 40 g) at 16 °C, the 8L group tended to show a higher metabolic rate than the 16L group.

scholarly journals Adaptational Responses of Rainbow Trout to Lowered External Nacl Concentration: Contribution of the Branchial Chloride Cell

1989 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVE F. PERRY ◽  
PIERRE LAURENT
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Ionic Fluxes ◽  
Area 5

1. Whole-body ionic fluxes and gill chloride cell (CC) morphology were monitored in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed acutely or chronically to natural fresh water (NFW; [Na+]=0.120 mmoll−1; [Cr]=0.164 mmoll−1) or artificially prepared fresh water with reduced [NaCl] (AFW; [Na+]=0.017 mmoll−1; [CT]=0.014 mmoll−1). 2. Net fluxes of Na+ (JnetNa) and Cl− (JnetCl) became extremely negative (indicating net NaCl loss to the environment) upon immediate exposure to AFW exclusively as a result of reduced NaCl influx (JinNa and JinNa). JnetNa and JnetCl were gradually restored to control rates during prolonged (30 days) exposure to AFW. 3. The restoration of JnetCl in AFW was due both to increased JinCl and to reduced Cl− efflux (JoutCl) whereas the primary response contributing to the restoration of JnetNa a t was an increase of JNain. 4. The total apical surface area of branchial CCs exposed to the external environment increased markedly after 24 h in AFW and remained elevated for 1 month as a consequence of enlargement of individual CCs and, to a lesser extent, increased CC density. JinNa and JinNa were correlated significantly with total CC apical surface area. 5. Plasma cortisol levels rose transiently in fish exposed to AFW. Treatment of NFW-adapted fish with cortisol for 10 days (a protocol known to cause CC proliferation) caused pronounced increases in JinCl and JinNa, as measured in both NFW and AFW. 6. These results suggest that an important adaptational response of rainbow trout to low environmental [NaCl] is cortisol-mediated enlargement of branchial epithelial CCs which, in turn, enhances the NaCl-transporting capacity of the gill as a result of the proliferation of Na+ and Cl− transport sites.

Metabolic rates of freely diving Weddell seals: correlations with oxygen stores, swim velocity and diving duration

1992 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Castellini ◽  
G. L. Kooyman ◽  
P. J. Ponganis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Aerobic Dive Limit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Cost

The metabolic rates of freely diving Weddell seals were measured using modern methods of on-line computer analysis coupled to oxygen consumption instrumentation. Oxygen consumption values were collected during sleep, resting periods while awake and during diving periods with the seals breathing at the surface of the water in an experimental sea-ice hole in Antarctica. Oxygen consumption during diving was not elevated over resting values but was statistically about 1.5 times greater than sleeping values. The metabolic rate of diving declined with increasing dive duration, but there was no significant difference between resting rates and rates in dives lasting up to 82 min. Swimming speed, measured with a microprocessor velocity recorder, was constant in each animal. Calculations of the aerobic dive limit of these seals were made from the oxygen consumption values and demonstrated that most dives were within this theoretical limit. The results indicate that the cost of diving is remarkably low in Weddell seals relative to other diving mammals and birds.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICAL STEROIDS ON THE TISSUE ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION OF THE FRESH-WATER RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. HOLMES ◽  
D. G. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Transient Rise ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

SUMMARY The effects were studied of cortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone on the concentrations of sodium and potassium in muscle and blood plasma and on water content of muscle in the fresh-water rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). These steroids appeared to cause a loss in plasma sodium throughout the 96 hr. experimental period. An initial rise in muscle sodium was observed during the first 24 hr. after commencement of the treatments. The subsequent decline in muscle sodium was interrupted by a transient rise followed by a continuing decline. The effect of these hormones on the potassium concentrations in plasma was variable, although there was a significant rise in the potassium concentration in muscle during the period of decline in sodium concentration. The significance of these results in relation to the possible enhanced adrenocortical activity of the trout during adaptation to a marine environment is discussed.

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