INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND TEMPERATURE ON COLD-HARDINESS OF HIBERNATING INSECTS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Salt
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Density ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Moisture content affected cold-hardiness, measured as ability to supercool, only to the extent that it affected the concentration of body fluids and hence their freezing points. Supercooling remained approximately constant in amount over a wide range of moisture conditions. Only when desiccation was severe did it produce appreciable cold-hardening. Chilling at constant low temperatures was effective in increasing the cold-hardiness of Bracon cephi (Gahan), ineffective in Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) and Cephus cinctus Nort., and of doubtful effect in Loxostege sticticalis (L.). The variable temperatures of the natural environment produced significant cold-hardening in all four species; occasional periods of developmental temperatures are considered more likely to be responsible than chilling. Blood density appeared to be related to cold-hardiness, but its ready response to other factors obscured the relationship.

Hygrothermal Behavior of Advanced Polymers Above Water Boiling Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsoo Jang ◽  
Bongtae Han
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Hybrid Procedure ◽  
Boiling Temperature ◽  
Hygrothermal Behavior ◽  
Expansion Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Hygroscopic and thermal expansion behavior of advanced polymers is investigated when subjected to combined high temperature and moisture conditions. An enhanced experimental–numerical hybrid procedure is proposed to overcome the limitations of the existing methods when used at temperatures above the water boiling temperature. The proposed procedure is implemented to measure the hygrothermal strains of three epoxy molding compounds and a no-filler underfill over a wide range of temperatures including temperatures beyond the water boiling temperature. The effects of moisture content on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are evaluated from the measurement data. A formulation to predict the Tg change as a function of moisture content is also presented.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER, TYPHLOCYBA POMARIA (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), AND ON THE MIRID PREDATOR BLEPHARIDOPTERUS ANGULATUS, AND MEASUREMENTS OF THEIR COLD-HARDINESS

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MacPhee
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Predatory Mirid

AbstractTyphlocyba pomaria McA., with two generations per year, damages the leaves and defaces the fruit of apple. It was reduced in numbers in an experimental orchard by the predatory mirid Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.) which attacked the second generation. The cold-hardiness of T. pomaria and B. angulatus overwintering eggs, which had mean freezing points of −35 °C and −34 °C respectively, was sufficient to protect these species from winter low temperatures in Nova Scotia.

Analysis of the Relationship between Desulfurization Treatment and Green Chemistry of Coal

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Ling Ju Meng ◽  
Zhao Kun Xuan ◽  
Jin Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Coal Desulfurization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

The coal industry belongs to the energy industry of the mainstream, the use of coal in a wide range, the main applications of combustion. However, the coal contains large amounts of sulfur, in combustion process, encountered the incomplete combustion will produce large amounts of sulfur dioxide, serious impact on the natural environment. The coal desulfurization technology can largely reduce this pollution, green chemistry is in the desulfurization technology is established on the basis of a concept. This article focuses on the discussion about coal desulfurization and its relationship to green chemistry.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE RATE OF ULTRASOUND IN METALS WITH THEIR IMPACT VISCOSITY AND HARDNESS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF REDUCED TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Khlybov ◽  
Yuri G. Kabaldin ◽  
Maksim S. Anosov ◽  
Dmitry A. Ryabov ◽  
Yuri I. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Longitudinal Wave ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents the results of the study of the relationship between the velocity of propagation of longitudinal waves in a metal with the values ​​of impact toughness and hardness in a wide range of low temperatures. It’s been found that with a decrease of temperature, an increase of hardness, a decrease of impact toughness and an increase of the velocity of propagation of a longitudinal wave in the studied metals are observed, and the velocity of propagation of a longitudinal wave has a close correlation with the characteristics under consideration. An increase of the speed of sound with decreasing temperature, in our opinion, is explained by an increase of the thermal conductivity of metals. Thus, by the values ​​of the speed of sound propagation in metals, it is possible to predict the level of its impact toughness, as well as hardness at low temperatures, and, consequently, the tendency to brittle fracture of structures.

Experimental Study of Triaxial Test of Gravel Soil in Yili's First Coal Mine

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
De Jun Meng ◽  
Zhong Hui Sun ◽  
Bo Yang Dou ◽  
Peng Fei Han ◽  
Yan Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Triaxial Test ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Gravel Soil ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Contents

The strength of gravel soil of Yili’s First Mine in different water contents was studied by multifunction static and dynamic triaxial test machine. The results show that （1）The yield limit decreases with the increasing of water content under steady confining pressure, and the greater the confining pressure, the greater the yield point of its axial in the same moisture conditions. （2）The expansion becomes into contraction with increasing moisture content. （3）Strength index of gravel soil becomes smaller with the increase of moisture content. The relationship between friction angle and water contents is . And the relationship between cohesion (or bite force) and water contents is . The results provide a theoretical basis for shaft design and construction of Yili’s First Mine.

Rapid cold-hardening of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophiladae) during ecologically based thermoperiodic cycles

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (9) ◽  
pp. 1659-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Kelty ◽  
R.E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rapid Cold Hardening ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Acclimatory Response ◽  
Cooling Phase

In contrast to most studies of rapid cold-hardening, in which abrupt transfers to low temperatures are used to induce an acclimatory response, the primary objectives of this study were to determine (i) whether rapid cold-hardening was induced during the cooling phase of an ecologically based thermoperiod, (ii) whether the protection afforded was lost during warming or contributed to increased cold-tolerance during subsequent cycles and (iii) whether the major thermally inducible stress protein (Hsp70) or carbohydrate cryoprotectants contributed to the protection afforded by rapid cold-hardening. During the cooling phase of a single ecologically based thermoperiod, the tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster to 1 h at −7 degrees C increased from 5 +/− 5% survival to 62.5 +/− 7.3% (means +/− S.E.M., N=40-60), while their critical thermal minima (CTmin) decreased by 1.9 degrees C. Cold hardiness increased with the number of thermoperiods to which flies were exposed; i.e. flies exposed to six thermoperiods were more cold-tolerant than those exposed to two. Endogenous levels of Hsp70 and carbohydrate cryoprotectants were unchanged in rapidly cold-hardened adults compared with controls held at a constant 23 degrees C. In nature, rapid cold-hardening probably affords subtle benefits during short-term cooling, such as allowing D. melanogaster to remain active at lower temperatures than they otherwise could.

Environmental factors affecting expression of resistance to pink snow mold caused by Microdochium nivale in winter wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakajima ◽  
J. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Light Intensities

The effects of prehardening growth, cold-hardening temperatures, duration of cold hardening, light intensity, and light period during cold hardening on the development of resistance to Microdochium nivale in winter wheat were studied under controlled environment conditions. Resistance was expressed as the median lethal incubation days (LI50) measured by the optimum temperature inoculation method of T. Nakajima and J. Abe. Plant growth at 20:15 °C (light:dark) had the largest effect on augmenting resistance to M. nivale in winter wheat, but conditioning at low temperatures was essential for expression of resistance. Low temperature conditioning at 6–4 °C under low light intensities initiated a rapid development of M. nivale resistance; this process was slower at 4–12 °C. ‘PI 173438’, resistant to snow molds but not to low temperatures, required lower temperatures during cold hardening for full expression of resistance to M. nivale than ‘Nanbukomugi’, which was moderately resistant to snow molds and low temperatures. When conditioned at 2 °C, the plants subjected to the dark remained susceptible but developed resistance rapidly when exposed to low light intensities of 150 μmol ∙ m−2 ∙ s−1. Extending the light period from 8 to 16 h did not affect the expression of resistance to M. nivale. These results suggest that the pattern of development of snow mold resistance is substantively different from that involved in freezing tolerance, although both appear to be conditioned by low temperatures. Keywords: Monographella nivalis, Fusarium nivale, Triticum aestivum L., cold hardiness, snow mold, winter wheat.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

‘He Brought the Cold Death on my Harandra’: The Cosmic Trilogy and the Ecotheology of Laudato si'

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Maria Poggi Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Divine Will ◽  
The Relationship

In his trilogy of space travel novels, published between 1938 and 1945, C.S. Lewis strikingly anticipates, and incarnates in imaginative form, the insights and concerns central to the modern discipline of ecotheology. The moral and spiritual battle that forms the plot of the novels is enacted and informed by the relationship between humans and the natural environment, Rebellion against, and alienation from, the Creator inevitably manifests in a violent and alienated attitude to creation, which is seen as something to be mastered and exploited. Lives and cultures in harmony with the divine will, on the other hand, are expressed in relationships of care and respect for the environment. The imaginative premise of the Trilogy is that of ecotheology; that the human relationships with God, neighbour, and earth and are deeply and inextricably intertwined.

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