scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE RATE OF ULTRASOUND IN METALS WITH THEIR IMPACT VISCOSITY AND HARDNESS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF REDUCED TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Khlybov ◽  
Yuri G. Kabaldin ◽  
Maksim S. Anosov ◽  
Dmitry A. Ryabov ◽  
Yuri I. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Longitudinal Wave ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents the results of the study of the relationship between the velocity of propagation of longitudinal waves in a metal with the values ​​of impact toughness and hardness in a wide range of low temperatures. It’s been found that with a decrease of temperature, an increase of hardness, a decrease of impact toughness and an increase of the velocity of propagation of a longitudinal wave in the studied metals are observed, and the velocity of propagation of a longitudinal wave has a close correlation with the characteristics under consideration. An increase of the speed of sound with decreasing temperature, in our opinion, is explained by an increase of the thermal conductivity of metals. Thus, by the values ​​of the speed of sound propagation in metals, it is possible to predict the level of its impact toughness, as well as hardness at low temperatures, and, consequently, the tendency to brittle fracture of structures.

The relationship of seat backrest angle and neck injury in low-velocity rear impacts

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (11) ◽  
pp. 1293-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Latchford ◽  
E C Chirwa ◽  
T Chen ◽  
M Mao
Keyword(s):  
Close Correlation ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Test Specifications ◽  
Lower Neck ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Car-rear-impact-induced cervical spine injuries present a serious burden on society and, in response, seats offering enhanced protection have been introduced. Seats are evaluated for neck protection performance but only at one specific backrest angle, whereas in the real world this varies greatly owing to the variation in occupant physique. Changing the backrest angle modifies the seat geometry and thereby the nature of its interaction with the occupant. Low-velocity rear-impact tests on a BioRID II anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) have shown that changes in backrest angle have a significant proportionate effect on dummy kinematics. A close correlation was found between changes in backrest angle and the responses of neck injury predictors such as lower neck loading and lower neck shear but not for the neck injury criterion NICmax. Torso ramping was evident, however, with negligible effect in low-velocity impacts. The backrest angle ranged from 20° to 30° whereas the BioRID II spine was adapted to a range from 20° to 26.5°. Nevertheless, in general, instrumentation outputs correlated well, indicating that this ATD could be used for evaluating seats over a 20–30° range rather than solely at 25° as required by current approval test specifications.

Behavior as a window on physiology: a simple apparatus for recording caterpillar feeding.

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. S9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bowdan
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Simple Apparatus ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Regulation of feeding is a fundamental element of homeostasis. This is reflected in the similarity of control mechanisms in a wide range of animals, including insects and humans. A close examination of feeding behavior can illuminate the physiological processes driving regulation. A simple, inexpensive method for recording fine details of feeding by caterpillars is described. Possible experiments, interpretation of the data, and the relationship of observations to the underlying physiology, are outlined.

Fungal melanins: a review

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1115-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Butler ◽  
A W Day
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lignin Peroxidases ◽  
Fungal Melanin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fungal Melanins

The relationship of polyketide melanogenesis molecular biology to that of nonmelanin-producing pathways in a wide range of fungi and other organisms is discussed. Analytical methods and fundamental properties of melanins are discussed and fungal melanin properties are compared with those of animal and bacterial melanins. The enzymatic degradation of melanins by lignin peroxidases is described.Key words: fungal melanin, polyketide melanin, DHN melanin, melanin degradation, melanin properties, melanin analysis.

Inclusive Design and Usability

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
W.S. Green
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This introduction to the symposium Inclusive Design and Usability gives an overview of some of the issues and problems facing ergonomists and designers who attempt to provide access to current technologies for a wide range of user groups, particularly those who may be considered disadvantaged or handicapped. The relationship of ergonomics and design is raised.

Ekphrasis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Altman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Usual Sense ◽  
Early Modern Theatre ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Word Painting ◽  
English Stage ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flexible Capacity

This chapter examines the use of ekphrasis in early modern theatre, with particular emphasis on its effect on the stage and the relationship of ekphrastic speech to the ongoing action in which it is enunciated. It maps the parameters of ekphrasis on the early modern English stage by considering a few examples of the ways in which ekphrasis instantiates early modern theatricality. It also discusses the expressive potential of ekphrastic speech and its transmission to the listener as well as the ironic uses of ekphrasis as a mode of persuasion, whether directed to oneself, an on-stage auditor, off-stage auditors, or all three. It argues that ekphrasis creates nothing less than what it calls ‘the psyche of the play’ and explains how the unusually flexible capacity of the staged word allows it to be used for a wide range of theatrical techniques, including the usual sense of ‘word-painting’. Finally, it looks at William Shakespeare’s deployment of ekphrasis in his work such asHamlet.

Australian Applied Linguistics in relation to international trends

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 4.1-4.32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Baldauf ◽  
Robert B. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
International Association ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Applied Linguistics is a diverse field, comprising a substantial number of sub-fields, sub-specialisations and related fields. To see that this is the case one need only examine the various hand- books and encyclopaedic references that have been published in the last ten years to see the wide range of topics that have been covered. As with many professional areas in academia, Applied Linguistics is organised around national organisations, with its international structure being a loose confederation known as the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA). Given these diverse academic and structural arrangements, it should not be surprising if academics within different national associations were to cluster around different interests within the field. This study explores the question of what emphases are found in various parts of the world in Applied Linguistics, and in particular, the relationship of Australian Applied Linguistics to international trends using a structural text analysis of abstracts related to Applied Linguistics as well as an historical review of the trends involved.

scholarly journals The unbearable lightness of being alternative: Idealism‐realism and purism‐pragmatism in Greek alternative media

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Dimitra L. Milioni ◽  
Pantelis Vatikiotis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
The Political ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores alternative media sustainability across a wide range of Greek projects. In this regard, it probes into a number of factors related to both the political economy (funding, organization) of these projects and the nature (real/‘imaginary’, broad reach/niche) of the relationship with their communities/audiences. The findings of the research reveal a dynamic and contradictory field regarding alternative media resilience in terms of the dialectical relationship of idealistic/realistic (on the production, organization level) and puristic/pragmatic (on the communication, reach level) features. The article concludes by highlighting the strategies employed by the most successful projects in terms of sustainability in relation to their positioning along the idealism/realism and purism/pragmatism nexus.

Distensibility and pressure-flow relationship of the pulmonary circulation. I. Single-vessel model

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Bshouty ◽  
M. Younes
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Parallel Shift ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

To ascertain the relative contributions of vascular distensibility and nonhomogeneous behavior within the pulmonary circulation to the distinctive nonlinear relationship between inflow pressure (Pin) and flow [pressure-flow (P-F) relationship] and between Pin and outflow pressure (Pout) at constant flow (Pin-Pout relationship), we developed a multibranched model in which the elastic behavior of, and forces acting on, individual branches can be varied independently. The response of the multibranched model is described in the companion article (J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 1514-1527, 1990). Here we describe the methods used and the responses of single components of the larger model. Perivascular pressure is modeled as a function of intravascular and transpulmonary pressures (Pv and Ptp, respectively) and vessel length as a function of lung volume. These and the relationship between vascular area (A) and transmural pressure (Ptm) were modeled primarily from the dog data of Smith and Mitzner (J. Appl. Physiol. 48: 450-467, 1980). Vasomotor tone is modeled as a radial collapsing pressure (Pt) in the same plane as Ptm. In view of lack of information about the relationship between Pt and A for a given active state, different patterns were assumed that span a wide range of possible relationships. The P-F and Pin-Pout relationships of single vessels were very similar to those reported for the entire intact circulation. Of note, the slope of the Pin-Pout relationship in the low Pout range (0-5 Torr) was very low (less than 0.25) and increased gradually with Pout toward unity. Vasomotor tone caused an apparent parallel shift in the P-F relationship in the physiological flow range of the dog (2-8 l/min) regardless of the pattern used to model the Pt vs. A relationship; different patterns affected the P-F relationship only over the low flow range before the parallel shift was established.

scholarly journals Siderocytes in mammalian blood

1946 ◽  
Vol 133 (872) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mammalian Blood ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Since a review of the conditions under which siderocytes appear will support a hypothesis that it is an ageing erythrocyte at least as strongly as Grüneberg’s (1941 a ) theory that it should be considered as a young cell, a search was made in blood films of stored mammalian blood and large numbers of siderocytes were found. The conditions affecting the rate of appearance of the siderocytes were studied, and it was found that adverse conditions would hasten their appearance. The relationship of the siderotic material to the 'easily split’ blood iron was also considered, and it seems probable that both are derived from a special and identical fraction of ‘haemoglobin’, and that this phenomenon is related to an intracorpuscular bile pigment formation. The occurrence of siderocytosis after the ingestion of acetyl phenylhydrazine by a ‘normal’ human being was followed, and a close correlation between siderocytosis, erythrocyte destruction and urinary siderosis as described by Peyton Rous (1918) is shown. The siderocyte extrudes its siderotic granules and reverts to a state at present morphologically indistinguishable from the normal erythrocyte, but appears to be susceptible of phagocytosis at this stage. The application of siderocyte counts to clinical medicine is suggested.

Some Chemical Characteristics of Anorthositic Suites and their Significance

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Emslie
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Association ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
High K ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Orogenic Belts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Spirited discussion continues about the nature of the relationship of rocks of anorthositic composition to intermediate and silicic rocks comprising so-called mangerites, charnockites, adamellites, etc. Because of close spatial association, all of these rocks may be considered to constitute an 'anorthosite suite' without prejudgement as to genetic implications.About 700 rock analyses, largely from the literature but supplemented by previously unpublished analyses from the Michikamau and Morin intrusions have been used to examine some of the chemical characteristics of the anorthosite suites. The suites are commonly high in iron relative to magnesium and alkalies, high in alumina, and have high K2O/SiO2 ratios over a wide range of SiO2 concentrations. The chemical data together with the physical characteristics of the anorthosite suites are interpreted to mean that the magmas are orogenically generated but emplaced on the flanks of orogenic belts in 'anorogenic' environments. Rapakivi granitic suites are chemically similar to the silicic members of the anorthosite suites.

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