Demography of a harvested population of wolves (Canis lupus) in west-central Alberta, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Webb ◽  
J.R. Allen ◽  
E.H. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
West Central ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Wolves ( Canis lupus L., 1758) are subject to liberal public harvests throughout most of their range in North America, yet detailed information on populations where sport harvest is the primary source of mortality are limited. We studied a harvested wolf population in west-central Alberta from 2003 to 2008. Demographic data were collected from visits to den sites, 84 collared wolves from 19 packs, and a harvest monitoring program that augmented mandatory reporting for registered traplines. Annual harvest rate of wolves was 0.34, with harvest on registered traplines (0.22 ± 0.03) being twice that of hunters (0.12 ± 0.04). Most wolves harvested (71%) were pre-reproductive. Probability of a pack breeding was 0.83 ± 0.01, litter size averaged 5.6 ±1.4, and these rates and stability of home ranges were unaffected by the number of wolves harvested. Natural mortality (0.04 ± 0.03) and dispersal rates (0.25 ± 0.04) were lower than reported for wolf populations in protected areas. Reproductive rates balanced total wolf mortality, indicating harvest was likely sustainable. We suggest that a high proportion of juveniles harvested and the spatial structure of the registered trapline system contributed to the sustainability of harvests.

Behavioral responses of coyotes to wolf recolonization in northwestern Montana

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1919-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M Arjo ◽  
Daniel H Pletscher
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Northwestern Montana ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Overlap Area

Recent recolonization of northwestern Montana by wolves (Canis lupus) provided an opportunity to examine behavioral responses of coyotes (Canis latrans) to a reestablished wolf population. Coyote and wolf annual home ranges overlapped extensively; however, seasonal overlap was not as pronounced. Most seasonal coyote home ranges were located between wolf packs or along the edge of wolf territories, but wolves and coyotes did not use the seasonal overlap area differently than expected. Most of the coyotes maintained random separation distances from wolves, though three coyotes were closer to wolves than expected. No difference in summer activity was found between the canids; however, temporal partitioning occurred during the winter, which may have allowed the increase in home-range overlap observed during the winter. Additionally, temporal partitioning occurred through differential arrangement of canid home ranges (i.e., wolf home ranges were smaller in summer) and reduced overlap of seasonal home ranges. Coyotes were usually singletons and some pairs, and before wolf colonization they fed on lagomorphs and plants. After wolf colonization, coyotes tended to be in pairs and small packs and they relied on ungulates. Although we documented wolves killing coyotes, coyotes are coexisting with wolves through spatial and temporal separation and behavioral changes.

Demographic characteristics of Peromyscus leucopus inhabiting a natural dispersal sink

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2321-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Krohne
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
West Central ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Natural Dispersal

The population biology of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) inhabiting a 1.4-ha naturally occurring dispersal sink was studied for 5 years in west-central Indiana and compared with that in surrounding old-growth habitat. Densities in the dispersal sink were consistently lower than in prime habitat. Autumn and winter survival were practically nil. The sink was recolonized by adults in the spring following extreme low winter densities or extinction. Summer reproductive rates and the pattern of territoriality were similar to those in prime habitat. Mice colonized elsewhere when empty prime habitat was made experimentally available. The data suggest that few dispersing mice can be accommodated by the dispersal sink.

Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gravid Female ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Ultrasonic Telemetry ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Gravid Females

<em>Abstract</em>.—We assessed potential impacts of harvest and proposed channel modifications on the paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>fishery of Ozark Lake, Arkansas River, Arkansas. Ultrasonic telemetry was used to determine commercial and recreational exploitation rates, survival, spawning locations, and habitat use of gravid female paddlefish. Monthly searches were conducted for 40 tagged fish and we recorded 862 locations in Ozark Lake from January 2004 through December 2005. Adjacent reservoirs (i.e., Pool 13 and Lake Dardanelle) were tracked periodically, but interpool movement was not detected. Commercial fishing exploitation was determined at a mandatory check station and was estimated to be 30% during a 5-d special season. Annual recreational snag-fishing exploitation estimates were 8% (2004) and 3% (2005). Survival was different between years and was much lower the year (2004) with a commercial fishing season. Kaplan-Meier staggered-design survival estimates (±95% confidence interval [CI]) for 2004, 2005, and 2004 through 2005 were 0.60 ± 0.19, 0.92 ± 0.11, and 0.55 ± 0.18, respectively. With commercial and recreational harvests omitted from the analysis, the estimated 2-year survival rate was 0.91 ± 0.13 (±95% CI), which corresponds to 5% annual natural mortality. Gravid females migrated a median distance of 33 and 32 km in the spring of 2004 and 2005 and likely spawned in the tailwater of James W. Trimble Lock and Dam from late March to early April. Successful paddlefish reproduction was verified by capture of 23 prolarvae. Paddlefish selected tributary mouth habitat in all seasons (59% of locations). Tailwater and inundated creek channel habitats were selected in spring and summer, respectively. A navigation project to deepen the channel from 2.7 to 3.7 m will impact approximately 50% of the tailwater spawning habitat. Channel modifications (i.e., dredging and dike construction) near the mouth of the Mulberry River may disturb an important tributary mouth habitat for paddlefish where 55% of all locations were recorded. Our study identified biologically important habitats that need conservation and indicates that commercial harvest was the primary source of mortality for gravid female paddlefish in Ozark Lake.

Demographic, dispersal, predation and genetic data reveal the potential vulnerability of an endangered rainforest shrub, Triunia robusta (Proteaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Shimizu-Kimura ◽  
Scott Burnett ◽  
Alison Shapcott
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Predation Mortality ◽  
Dispersal Vectors ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Rates

We investigated the population ecology of Triunia robusta (C.T. White) Foreman, an endemic rainforest shrub of south-east Queensland, Australia. Two-time demographic data from 1999 and 2010 were used to estimate the species life span and changes in demographic factors over the 11 year period. The potential dispersal vectors and their activities were monitored, and the effects of predation on seed and seedling mortality were quantified. Published genetic data was used to assess the gene flow distance in years. On average, T. robusta has a life span of 103 years, with a generation time of 44 years. Larger populations (>200) increased in size since 1999, whereas smaller populations retained the same or slightly reduced numbers. Small, isolated populations in the northern distribution range showed substantially lower reproductive rates. Local rodents and marsupials were considered responsible for the majority of observed secondary seed dispersal (<10.3 m) and predation activities. Post-predation mortality was high (82%), with only 12% surviving to become seedlings. The empirical evidence of short-distance dispersal, limited gene flow, high post-predation mortality rates and relatively low reproductive rates, combined with potential absence of primary dispersers suggests that critically small and isolated populations may be highly vulnerable.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude of Iraqi pharmacists in Baghdad community toward ‎adverse drug reactions monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Samer Imad Mohammed ◽  
Amna Fouad Abdul Al-razaq
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Wide Range

Objectives:Adverse drug reactions (ADR‎s) can lead to many complications associated with the use of medications .In Iraq where a wide range of medications misused widely due to different reasons, the Iraqi pharmacovigilance program started out few years ago to collect information about adverse drugs reactions and since the success of this program depends on the effective participation of all medical staffs including pharmacists in this program. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and degree of awareness of Iraqi pharmacists in Baghdad community toward adverse drugs reactions monitoring and pharmacovigilance program.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey based on individual questionnairethat administered in the English language to a convenience sample of 150 pharmacists working in 3 colleges of pharmacy, 20 community pharmacies and 3 hospitals situated in different areas of Baghdad which are the capital of Iraq. The questionnaire consists of three parts that collect demographic data on the ‎participants and their knowledge, attitudes toward Pharmacovigilance‎. Results: Although about (62%) of pharmacists have observed ADRs in their practice‎ only half of the respondents have heard about the term pharmacovigilance, 48% were aware of the national PV program ‎‎.Moreover , (‎47.33%‎) of the respondents mentioned that ADRs associated with herbal ‎products should not be reported. Although ‎79% of the respondents thought that reporting ADRs is a pharmacist’s duty nevertheless 82% of them  ‎thought that ADRs reporting in Iraq is not widely promoted by the relevant authority .The study showed a high tendency for participation in an adverse drug reaction  monitoring program. Interestingly,‎ 60% of respondents report that their workplace ‎doesn’t encourage them for reporting ADRs, while 48% of respondents indicated that they don’t ‎have enough time for reporting ADRs and 38% of them declared their fearing of facing ‎legal problem from that .  ‎Conclusion: Iraqi pharmacists although have a high tendency in participation in ADR monitoring  program but have  a poor knowledge about pharmacovigilance practices; they lack ‎understanding of the details about the national PV system and ADRs ‎reporting process and may need more information on how ADRs ‎reporting are performed. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Adverse drug reactions, Pharmacovigilance.

Aversive behaviour by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) during the course of a music festival in northern New South Wales, Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
New South ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Core Areas

The effects of short-term disturbances that result in changes to movement patterns and/or behaviour of wildlife are poorly understood. In this study the movements of seven koalas were monitored before, during and after a five-day music festival. During the monitoring program koalas occupied home-range areas of 0.6–13 ha with one or more core areas of activity. Aversive behaviour in the form of evacuation of known ranging areas was demonstrated by three koalas that had core areas within 525 m of the approximate centre of the festival area, the associated responses comprising movements that were perpendicular to and away from staging areas where music was played. Responses contained within known ranging areas were observed in three other koalas whose core areas were located up to 600 m away. The type of response appeared related to the proximity of koala home ranges to music-staging areas, while the maximum distance associated with an aversive response was 725 m. Six of the radio-tracked koalas returned to their home-range areas following the conclusion of festival activities. While the specific stimulus eliciting aversive behaviour was not identified, responses in all instances were initiated during the musical phase of the festival event. The potential for short-term disturbances such as music festivals to significantly influence the ranging patterns of koalas warrants recognition of possible longer-term ecological consequences for planning and management purposes.

Reproduction, preweaning survival, and survival of adult sea otters at Kodiak Island, Alaska

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Monson ◽  
Anthony R. DeGange
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Expanding Population ◽  
Sexually Mature

Radiotelemetry methods were used to examine the demographic characteristics of sea otters inhabiting the leading edge of an expanding population on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Fifteen male and 30 female sea otters were instrumented and followed from 1986 to 1990. Twenty-one percent of females were sexually mature (had pupped) at age 2, 57% by age 3, 88% by age 4, and 100% by age 5. Fifteen females produced 26 pups, an overall reproduction rate of 94% for mature females. The reproduction rate was 17, 45, 66, and 100% for 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds, respectively. Eighty-five percent of observed pups survived to weaning (120 days), and the percentage of pups weaned ranged from 34% for pups of 2-year-olds to 100% for pups of 5-year-olds. At least three of four known pup losses occurred within a month of parturition. The mean pup dependency period for weaned pups was 153 days and the mean gestation period was 218 days. No synchrony in pupping activity was observed. Mean annual survival of adults was high. Estimates of survival ranged from 89 to 96% for females and 86 to 91% for males. Human harvest was the primary source of known mortality of adults. Our estimates of reproductive rates and survival of adults are at the high end of those reported for sea otters, but preweaning survival stands out as being particularly high. Abundant food resources and the availability of protected water presumably contributed to the high reproductive success observed in this recently established sea otter population.

Tracking H1N1 vaccine doses administered using CDC’s Countermeasure and Response Administration system

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Tom T. Shimabukuro, MD, MPH, MBA ◽  
Sanjeeb Sapkota, MBBS, MPH ◽  
Barbara L. Nichols, BS ◽  
Warren G. Williams, MPH ◽  
Shirley W. Mullins, MIT, CSM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
H1n1 Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Total Data

During the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, the Countermeasure and Response Administration (CRA) system, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) computer-based informatics application, monitored H1N1 vaccine uptake during the early stages of the US vaccination program, from October through the end of November 2009. CRA, which directly monitors vaccine doses administered, was developed to support the mass tracking of medical countermeasure use during public health events and to complement populationbased survey data on vaccination coverage during a pandemic influenza vaccination program. CRA provided weekly near real-time reports of H1N1 vaccine doses administered at national and state levels. On average, during any given week, 58.8 percent of the total data available to be reported was actually reported to CDC. During the 8-week mandatory reporting period, a cumulative total of 13,109,962 first-dose vaccine doses administered were reported through CRA, representing approximately 4.4 percent of the US population. Nearly 60 percent of these doses were administered to individuals aged 6 months to 24 years, an age interval that was included in the initial target groups prioritized to receive vaccine. CRA was a key component of the national surveillance system providing information on early uptake of H1N1 vaccine and monitoring program progress. These accomplishments indicate that CRA can effectively function as an immunization tool to monitor vaccine uptake during a pandemic.

Are any populations 'safe'? Unexpected reproductive decline in a population of Tasmanian devils free of devil facial tumour disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Farquharson ◽  
R. M. Gooley ◽  
S. Fox ◽  
S. J. Huxtable ◽  
K. Belov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Devil Facial Tumour Disease ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Context Conservation management relies on baseline demographic data of natural populations. For Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), threatened in the wild by two fatal and transmissible cancers (devil facial tumour disease DFTD: DFT1 and DFT2), understanding the characteristics of healthy populations is crucial for developing adaptive management strategies to bolster populations in the wild. Aims Our analysis aims to evaluate contemporary reproductive rates for wild, DFTD-free Tasmanian devil populations, and to provide a baseline with which to compare the outcome of current translocation activities. Methods We analysed 8 years of field-trapping data, including demographics and reproductive rates, across 2004–16, from the largest known DFTD-free remnant population at Woolnorth, Tasmania. Key results Surprisingly, we found a dramatic and statistically significant decline in female breeding rate when comparing data collected from 2004–2009 with data from 2014–2016. Unfortunately we do not have any data from the intermediate years. This decline in breeding rate was accompanied by a subtle but statistically significant decline in litter sizes. These changes were not associated with a change in body condition over the same period. Furthermore, we could not attribute the decline in breeding to a change in population size or sex ratio. Preliminary analysis suggested a possible association between annual breeding rate and coarse measures of environmental variation (Southern Oscillation Index), but any mechanistic associations are yet to be determined. Conclusions The decline in breeding rates was unexpected, so further monitoring and investigation into potential environmental and/or biological reasons for the decline in breeding rate are recommended before the arrival of DFTD at Woolnorth. Implications Our results provide valuable data to support the conservation management of Tasmanian devils in their native range. They also highlight the importance of continued monitoring of ‘safe’ populations, in the face of significant threats elsewhere.

Managing wolves (Canis lupus) to recover threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Alberta

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Hervieux ◽  
Mark Hebblewhite ◽  
Dave Stepnisky ◽  
Michelle Bacon ◽  
Stan Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Reduction Program

Across Canada, woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) populations are declining because of human-induced changes to food webs that are resulting in apparent competition-induced increases in predator-caused caribou mortality. We tested the hypothesis that wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) population reduction could reverse declines in a woodland caribou population following a BACI (before-after-control-impact) design conducted over a 12-year period in west-central Alberta, Canada. We monitored annual survival for 172 adult female caribou and calf recruitment from 2000 through 2012 and conducted a provincial government delivered wolf population reduction program annually during the winters of 2005–2006 to 2012 (inclusive) in an area centered on the Little Smoky range. Wolf removal translated to a 4.6% increase in mean population growth rate of the Little Smoky population mostly through improvements in calf recruitment. In contrast, the Red Rock Prairie Creek control population exhibited a 4.7% decline. Although the wolf population reduction program appeared to stabilize the Little Smoky population, it did not lead to population increase, however, with λ remaining approximately equal to 1. Therefore, we recommend, if required, predation management be combined with effective habitat conservation and long-term planning to effect the recovery of species, such as woodland caribou, which are declining as a result of habitat-mediated apparent competition.

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