Potential for adaptation-by-time in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): the interactions of body size and in-stream reproductive life span with date of arrival and breeding location

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Doctor ◽  
T. P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Location

In salmonid fishes, the tendency to return to the natal site for breeding leads to reproductively isolated, locally adapted populations. In addition to this isolation-by-space, the heritability of breeding date can result in temporal segregation or isolation of breeding units. We examined the interaction between breeding location (spatial segregation) and arrival date (temporal segregation) for two fitness-related traits, reproductive life span and body size, of sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) in a small Alaskan stream. Analysis of data on tagged individuals over 9 years revealed that both males and females arriving early to the spawning grounds tended to spawn farther upstream than those arriving later, demonstrating the potential for segregation in time and space within the population. Both body length and reproductive life span also consistently varied with arrival date. Larger males and females entered the stream before smaller individuals, and individuals of both sexes that arrived early lived longer in the stream than those that arrived later. However, neither reproductive life span nor body size varied significantly with breeding location, indicating that the linkage between spatial and temporal structure in this breeding population is incomplete, and that segregation in time may currently be the dominant component of within-population structure.

Reproductive life-span and sources of mortality for alternative male life-history strategies in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1878-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M Carlson ◽  
Harry B Rich, Jr. ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Older Males

In anadromous salmonid fishes, a fraction of the males ("jacks") spend fewer years at sea than females and most males in the population. It has been hypothesized that the higher survival rates of jacks at sea are balanced by their reduced reproductive success. One component of reproductive success is in-stream longevity, and jacks were reported to have a shorter reproductive life-span than older males. To test this hypothesis, we examined the interactions between arrival date, mode of death (senescent, bear-killed, gull-killed, stranded), and reproductive life-span of male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792), in a small Alaskan creek. Of the senescent males, early-arriving fish lived longer than later arrivals, and jacks and older males had similar reproductive life-spans (p = 0.932). Jacks were less susceptible to premature mortality (mostly from bears and gulls) than older males. The life-span of fish that died prematurely was greater for jacks than non-jacks (p < 0.001). Considering all sources of mortality (both premature and senescent), jacks had a greater mean life-span than older males (5.84 vs. 3.12 days; p < 0.001). Despite this fact, jacks are scarce (1.7% in this population), suggesting that they suffer in other components of fitness such as proportion of eggs fertilized.

Demographic life history traits in a population of a critically endangered species, Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Altunışık ◽  
Halit Eksilmez
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractKnowing the age structure of endangered species is important in order to contribute to future conservation studies for such species. In this context, we investigated age structure, age at sexual maturity, potential reproductive lifespan and longevity in a population of the Charnali lizard,Darevskia dryada, an endangered species from Turkey. The results show that the Charnali lizard has a longer life span than other lizards of the genusDarevskiathat live in the same region. We estimated that these lizards attain their sexual maturity at the age of one or two years and the potential reproductive life span for males and females is six and five years, respectively. As in many other lizards, the Charnali lizard exhibited a low-level male-biased sexual dimorphism in terms of increased size. We believe that this study, in which prior information related to the Charnali lizard is shared, will contribute to future conservation activities for this critically endangered species.

Reproductive Uncertainty and the Evolution of Iteroparity: Why Don't Flatfish Put All Their Eggs in One Basket?

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 968-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Roff
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Age Of Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Engraulis Ringens ◽  
Using Data

Murphy's hypothesis that variation in reproductive life span is an adaptive response to variation in the predictability of reproductive success is examined. Murphy's contention that this hypothesis explains the variation in reproductive life span within the clupeids is reexamined incorporating further data on the Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens). A nonsignificant correlation is now obtained between reproductive life span and brood strength variation; thus, the hypothesis is called into question. An alternative explanation is presented that considers the interaction between life history parameters: because it is necessary for the intrinsic rate of increase to exceed zero, variation in one parameter must be associated with variation in at least one other parameter. In the clupeids it is noted that the age of maturity and reproductive life span vary in concert and it is suggested that this provides an explanation of variation in reproductive life span. These two hypotheses are examined using data on the family Pleuronectidae, the flatfish. No correlation exists between reproductive life span and the degree of fluctuation in brood strength but there is a significant correlation between reproductive life span and age of maturity. It is concluded that variation in reproductive life span within the flatfish group is not a response to variation in reproductive success but rather a correlate of variation in age of maturity.Key words: flatfish, Pleuronectidae, iteroparity, natural selection, reproduction, clupeids

scholarly journals Concept of Granthi with reference to uterine fibroid: An Ayurveda review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Umate ◽  
Soudamini Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Uterine Fibroid ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Gynecological Disease ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Uterine fibroids are the commonest benign tumor of the uterus and also the commonest benign solid tumor in the female. It can cause significant morbidity in women of a reproductive life span. The exact cause of uterine fibroid is unknown. Prevalence of uterine fibroid 5 -20 % of women in the reproductive age group. It can cause significant morbidity in women of a reproductive life span. Not all fibroids cause symptoms. 50% of women are asymptomatic. Fibroids mainly cause symptoms like menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and cause pressure symptoms on adjacent viscera i. e. bladder, uterus, rectum which affects the everyday activities of women. In Ayurveda all gynecological disease explained under the term yonivyapad. It can be explained as the anatomical and functional abnormalities of the female reproductive system. In Ayurveda granthi can be correlated with the uterine fibroid. In modern science uterine fibroid treats medically, surgically. But it is challenging to establish a satisfactory conservatory medical treatment to date. so in Ayurveda the main purpose is the management of granthi by samprapti vighatan by use of medicine.

scholarly journals PohnB6F1: A Cross of Wild and Domestic Mice That Is a New Model of Extended Female Reproductive Life Span

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Flurkey ◽  
Y. Brandvain ◽  
S. Klebanov ◽  
S. N. Austad ◽  
R. A. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
New Model ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span

scholarly journals Chromosome errors in human eggs shape natural fertility over reproductive life span

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6460) ◽  
pp. 1466-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Gruhn ◽  
Agata P. Zielinska ◽  
Vallari Shukla ◽  
Robert Blanshard ◽  
Antonio Capalbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Human Oocytes ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Quantitative Explanation ◽  
Chromosome Nondisjunction

Chromosome errors, or aneuploidy, affect an exceptionally high number of human conceptions, causing pregnancy loss and congenital disorders. Here, we have followed chromosome segregation in human oocytes from females aged 9 to 43 years and report that aneuploidy follows a U-curve. Specific segregation error types show different age dependencies, providing a quantitative explanation for the U-curve. Whole-chromosome nondisjunction events are preferentially associated with increased aneuploidy in young girls, whereas centromeric and more extensive cohesion loss limit fertility as women age. Our findings suggest that chromosomal errors originating in oocytes determine the curve of natural fertility in humans.

Post-reproductive life span and demographic stability

Oikos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 1370-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Mitteldorf ◽  
Charles Goodnight
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span

Is telomere length one of the determinants of reproductive life span?

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sena E. Aydos ◽  
Atilla H. Elhan ◽  
Ajlan Tükün
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span

Temperature, flow, and the migration of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Columbia River

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Quinn ◽  
Sayre Hodgson ◽  
Charles Peven
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Arrival Timing ◽  
Travel Rate

We related the arrival timing of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at a series of dams on the Columbia River (Bonneville, McNary, and Rock Island) and Snake River (Ice Harbor) to the changing flow and temperature regimes over the last several decades. The temperatures experienced by sockeye salmon have increased in the lower but not upper reaches of the system, and the flows experienced by the fish have decreased. The Bonneville-McNary travel rate increased from about 22 to 49 km/day, and sockeye salmon now pass McNary Dam about 11 days earlier than in 1954. Both travel rate and arrival date were correlated with temperature increases and flow decreases at McNary during that period. Sockeye salmon arrival at Rock Island Dam (14 days earlier from 1933 to 1994) was also correlated with temperature and flow there. However, the travel rate between McNary and Rock Island dams did not change from 1955 to 1994, despite a decrease in estimated water velocity from 85 to 23 km/day. Sockeye salmon arrival at Ice Harbor Dam has sometimes been bimodal; the first mode's date has not changed, but annual mean dates have been positively correlated with flow and negatively with temperature.

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