Reproductive life-span and sources of mortality for alternative male life-history strategies in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1878-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M Carlson ◽  
Harry B Rich, Jr. ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Older Males

In anadromous salmonid fishes, a fraction of the males ("jacks") spend fewer years at sea than females and most males in the population. It has been hypothesized that the higher survival rates of jacks at sea are balanced by their reduced reproductive success. One component of reproductive success is in-stream longevity, and jacks were reported to have a shorter reproductive life-span than older males. To test this hypothesis, we examined the interactions between arrival date, mode of death (senescent, bear-killed, gull-killed, stranded), and reproductive life-span of male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792), in a small Alaskan creek. Of the senescent males, early-arriving fish lived longer than later arrivals, and jacks and older males had similar reproductive life-spans (p = 0.932). Jacks were less susceptible to premature mortality (mostly from bears and gulls) than older males. The life-span of fish that died prematurely was greater for jacks than non-jacks (p < 0.001). Considering all sources of mortality (both premature and senescent), jacks had a greater mean life-span than older males (5.84 vs. 3.12 days; p < 0.001). Despite this fact, jacks are scarce (1.7% in this population), suggesting that they suffer in other components of fitness such as proportion of eggs fertilized.

Potential for adaptation-by-time in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): the interactions of body size and in-stream reproductive life span with date of arrival and breeding location

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Doctor ◽  
T. P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Location

In salmonid fishes, the tendency to return to the natal site for breeding leads to reproductively isolated, locally adapted populations. In addition to this isolation-by-space, the heritability of breeding date can result in temporal segregation or isolation of breeding units. We examined the interaction between breeding location (spatial segregation) and arrival date (temporal segregation) for two fitness-related traits, reproductive life span and body size, of sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) in a small Alaskan stream. Analysis of data on tagged individuals over 9 years revealed that both males and females arriving early to the spawning grounds tended to spawn farther upstream than those arriving later, demonstrating the potential for segregation in time and space within the population. Both body length and reproductive life span also consistently varied with arrival date. Larger males and females entered the stream before smaller individuals, and individuals of both sexes that arrived early lived longer in the stream than those that arrived later. However, neither reproductive life span nor body size varied significantly with breeding location, indicating that the linkage between spatial and temporal structure in this breeding population is incomplete, and that segregation in time may currently be the dominant component of within-population structure.

Reproductive Uncertainty and the Evolution of Iteroparity: Why Don't Flatfish Put All Their Eggs in One Basket?

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 968-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Roff
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Age Of Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Engraulis Ringens ◽  
Using Data

Murphy's hypothesis that variation in reproductive life span is an adaptive response to variation in the predictability of reproductive success is examined. Murphy's contention that this hypothesis explains the variation in reproductive life span within the clupeids is reexamined incorporating further data on the Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens). A nonsignificant correlation is now obtained between reproductive life span and brood strength variation; thus, the hypothesis is called into question. An alternative explanation is presented that considers the interaction between life history parameters: because it is necessary for the intrinsic rate of increase to exceed zero, variation in one parameter must be associated with variation in at least one other parameter. In the clupeids it is noted that the age of maturity and reproductive life span vary in concert and it is suggested that this provides an explanation of variation in reproductive life span. These two hypotheses are examined using data on the family Pleuronectidae, the flatfish. No correlation exists between reproductive life span and the degree of fluctuation in brood strength but there is a significant correlation between reproductive life span and age of maturity. It is concluded that variation in reproductive life span within the flatfish group is not a response to variation in reproductive success but rather a correlate of variation in age of maturity.Key words: flatfish, Pleuronectidae, iteroparity, natural selection, reproduction, clupeids

Physiological and Growth Differences in Three Stocks of Underyearling Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) on Early Entry into Seawater

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Rice ◽  
Robert E. Thomas ◽  
Adam Moles
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lake Type ◽  
River Type

We compared the impact of exposure to seawater on three sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks: one that normally migrates to sea as underyearlings (sea-type) and two with the more common life history strategies of 1 (river-type) or 2 (lake-type) yr of freshwater residence prior to seaward migration. Innate differences in survival, ability to regulate tissue chlorides, and oxygen consumption when first introduced into salt water were more evident in April and May when fish were less than 50 mm in length. In fish longer than 50 mm, the only significant differences among the stocks were in saltwater growth. Between June and August, sea-type fish showed faster growth than river-type fish which in turn grew faster than lake-type fish. When introduced into salt water in October, virtually no growth occurred in any stock, regardless of fish size. River-type and lake-type sockeye, which normally overwinter 1 and 2 yr, respectively, in freshwater, can be reared in seawater if underyearlings are raised to a length of 50 mm before release into salt water, similar to the normal life history of sea-type underyearlings. Early life history appears to be influenced more by habitat than by genetics.

scholarly journals Concept of Granthi with reference to uterine fibroid: An Ayurveda review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Umate ◽  
Soudamini Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Uterine Fibroid ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Gynecological Disease ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Uterine fibroids are the commonest benign tumor of the uterus and also the commonest benign solid tumor in the female. It can cause significant morbidity in women of a reproductive life span. The exact cause of uterine fibroid is unknown. Prevalence of uterine fibroid 5 -20 % of women in the reproductive age group. It can cause significant morbidity in women of a reproductive life span. Not all fibroids cause symptoms. 50% of women are asymptomatic. Fibroids mainly cause symptoms like menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and cause pressure symptoms on adjacent viscera i. e. bladder, uterus, rectum which affects the everyday activities of women. In Ayurveda all gynecological disease explained under the term yonivyapad. It can be explained as the anatomical and functional abnormalities of the female reproductive system. In Ayurveda granthi can be correlated with the uterine fibroid. In modern science uterine fibroid treats medically, surgically. But it is challenging to establish a satisfactory conservatory medical treatment to date. so in Ayurveda the main purpose is the management of granthi by samprapti vighatan by use of medicine.

scholarly journals PohnB6F1: A Cross of Wild and Domestic Mice That Is a New Model of Extended Female Reproductive Life Span

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Flurkey ◽  
Y. Brandvain ◽  
S. Klebanov ◽  
S. N. Austad ◽  
R. A. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
New Model ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span

scholarly journals Chromosome errors in human eggs shape natural fertility over reproductive life span

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6460) ◽  
pp. 1466-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Gruhn ◽  
Agata P. Zielinska ◽  
Vallari Shukla ◽  
Robert Blanshard ◽  
Antonio Capalbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Human Oocytes ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
Quantitative Explanation ◽  
Chromosome Nondisjunction

Chromosome errors, or aneuploidy, affect an exceptionally high number of human conceptions, causing pregnancy loss and congenital disorders. Here, we have followed chromosome segregation in human oocytes from females aged 9 to 43 years and report that aneuploidy follows a U-curve. Specific segregation error types show different age dependencies, providing a quantitative explanation for the U-curve. Whole-chromosome nondisjunction events are preferentially associated with increased aneuploidy in young girls, whereas centromeric and more extensive cohesion loss limit fertility as women age. Our findings suggest that chromosomal errors originating in oocytes determine the curve of natural fertility in humans.

Post-reproductive life span and demographic stability

Oikos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 1370-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Mitteldorf ◽  
Charles Goodnight
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span

Is telomere length one of the determinants of reproductive life span?

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sena E. Aydos ◽  
Atilla H. Elhan ◽  
Ajlan Tükün
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span

Spatial and temporal isolating mechanisms: the formation of discrete breeding aggregations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hendry ◽  
Frank E. Leonetti ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Spawning Aggregations ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Operational Sex Ratios

This study examined the spatial and temporal isolation of breeding aggregations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) along a single island beach in Iliamna Lake, Alaska. The density and spatial extent of these aggregations varied among years, but one of the sites (Fuel Dump Point) was consistently separated from another major spawning area (Fuel Dump Bay) by at least 15 m of unused but generally similar habitat. Females settled first at the Point and this site supported higher spawner densities than the adjacent Bay. Male breeding opportunity, estimated from operational sex ratios, was higher in the Bay soon after spawning commenced. However, few males moved from the Point into the Bay and all movement that occurred was late in the season, when breeding opportunities for males were very limited. The reproductive success of males that moved from the Bay to the Point was estimated to be 0.003% of the total reproductive success of all males at the Point. The reproductive success of males that moved from the Point to the Bay was estimated to be 3% of the total reproductive success of all males at the Bay. Thus, spatial and temporal variation in settling largely isolated the two spawning aggregations within a breeding season. We suggest that variation in habitat quality may interact with the heritability of spawning date, contributing to the formation of distinct breeding groups.

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