Temperature, flow, and the migration of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Columbia River

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Quinn ◽  
Sayre Hodgson ◽  
Charles Peven
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Arrival Timing ◽  
Travel Rate

We related the arrival timing of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at a series of dams on the Columbia River (Bonneville, McNary, and Rock Island) and Snake River (Ice Harbor) to the changing flow and temperature regimes over the last several decades. The temperatures experienced by sockeye salmon have increased in the lower but not upper reaches of the system, and the flows experienced by the fish have decreased. The Bonneville-McNary travel rate increased from about 22 to 49 km/day, and sockeye salmon now pass McNary Dam about 11 days earlier than in 1954. Both travel rate and arrival date were correlated with temperature increases and flow decreases at McNary during that period. Sockeye salmon arrival at Rock Island Dam (14 days earlier from 1933 to 1994) was also correlated with temperature and flow there. However, the travel rate between McNary and Rock Island dams did not change from 1955 to 1994, despite a decrease in estimated water velocity from 85 to 23 km/day. Sockeye salmon arrival at Ice Harbor Dam has sometimes been bimodal; the first mode's date has not changed, but annual mean dates have been positively correlated with flow and negatively with temperature.

Late-season mortality during migration of radio-tagged adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Columbia River

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P Naughton ◽  
Christopher C Caudill ◽  
Matthew L Keefer ◽  
Theodore C Bjornn ◽  
Lowell C Stuehrenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
River System ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Migration Corridor ◽  
Passage Times

We radio-tagged 577 adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returning to the Columbia River in 1997 to determine how migration behaviors were related to migration success in an altered river system. The probability of successful migration declined dramatically for late-entry individuals, concomitant with declines in discharge and the onset of stressful temperatures. Long dam passage times were not related to unsuccessful migration at most dams. However, when migration histories were analyzed across multiple dams or reservoirs, relatively slow migration was significantly associated with unsuccessful migration, suggesting potential cumulative effects. Median passage times at dams were rapid (7.9–33.4 h), although 0.2%–8% of salmon took more than 5 days to pass. Reservoir passage was also rapid, averaging 36.8–61.3 km·day–1, and appeared to compensate for slowed migration at dams. Rates observed in the unimpounded Hanford Reach suggest that total predam migration rates may have been similar to current rates. Overall, our results suggest that cumulative effects may be more important than negative effects of passage at single dams and that hydrosystem alteration of temperature regimes in the migration corridor may have an important indirect negative impact on adults.

Effects of Air-Supersaturated Water on Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2629-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan V. Nebeker ◽  
Donald G. Stevens ◽  
Richard K. Stroud
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Gas Bubble Disease

Adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were exposed to air-supersaturated water in the laboratory from July 8 to August 13, 1974, approximately the same time period that they are exposed to supersaturated water during their movement through the lower and middle sections of the Columbia River. The first mortality occurred after 77 h exposure at 120% saturation; 40% of the fish were dead after 127 h. At 115% saturation the first mortality occurred after 523 h (21 days) and 40% were dead after 835 h (35 days). No further mortality occurred at 120 or 115%. However, at 120 and 115% saturation, survivors exhibited many sublethal lesions such as hemorrhaging and emphysema (bubbles) in the mouth, on the gill arches, body surface, and fins, etc. No deaths or signs of gas bubble disease occurred in fish held at 110% saturation in water 2 ft (60 cm) deep. The lethal threshold was near 114% saturation.

scholarly journals Migration and survival of Okanagan River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, 2012–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Murauskas ◽  
Kim Hyatt ◽  
Jeff Fryer ◽  
Elliot Koontz ◽  
Skyeler Folks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Background Okanagan River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Okanagan Sockeye) are one of two remaining self-sustaining Sockeye Salmon populations in the Columbia River Basin. We used detection histories of smolts implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags between 2012 and 2019 to estimate survival and behavioral metrics during reintroduction efforts and changing environmental conditions over the monitoring period. Results Smolts migrating to McNary Dam, whose route includes 130 km of the Okanagan River and 388 km of the Columbia River, generally had high survival (mean of 87.0% per 100 km) and fast migration speeds (up to 50 km/day) relative to other salmonids in the region. Smolt-to-adult returns (SARs) ranged from 0.4 to 6.1% and were greater for fish originating from Skaha Lake compared to cohorts tagged in Osoyoos Lake. Most adults returned after 2 years in the ocean (69%), followed by jacks (27%), and adults that spent 3 years at sea (4%), though Skaha Lake adults had a significantly younger age structure than cohorts from Osoyoos Lake. Survival of adults from Bonneville Dam (rkm 235) upstream to Wells Dam (rkm 830) was generally high (80–92%), and migration speed decreased in upstream reaches. Survival from Wells Dam to the Okanagan River was only estimable in 2018, where 64% of adults survived to the spawning grounds. The upstream migration of adult Okanagan Sockeye was significantly compromised during the drought of 2015 when less than 5% of Okanagan Sockeye that returned to the Columbia River reached spawning grounds. Conclusions Our results indicate that Okanagan Sockeye have exceptional survival and migratory ability relative to other salmonids, though poor ocean conditions combined with warming water temperatures in freshwater habitats in recent years have the potential to devastate the population. The success of reintroduction efforts to increase spatial structure and diversity of Okanagan Sockeye is, therefore, critical to maintaining the population in years to come.

A genetic evaluation of relatedness for broodstock management of captive, endangered Snake River sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C. Kozfkay ◽  
Matthew R. Campbell ◽  
Jeff A. Heindel ◽  
Danny J. Baker ◽  
Paul Kline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Broodstock Management
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