Early survival of Punjab urial

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Ali Awan ◽  
Marco Festa-Bianchet ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Salt Range ◽  
Early Survival ◽  
The Relationship

There is almost no information on age-specific survival of Asiatic ungulates based on mark–recapture studies. Survival of marked Punjab urial ( Ovis vignei punjabiensis Lydekker, 1913) aged 0–2 years was studied in the Salt Range, Pakistan, in 2001–2005. Male lambs were heavier than females at birth. The relationship between litter size and birth mass varied among years, with a tendency for twins to be lighter than singletons. Birth mass had a positive but nonsignificant relation with survival to 1 year. Neither sex nor litter size affected survival to 1 year, which averaged 55% (95% CI = 41%–68%). There was no sex effect on survival of yearlings, which averaged 88% (95% CI = 4%–100%). Although survival of lambs and yearlings was similar to that reported for other ungulates, apparent survival of 2- and 3-year-olds was very low at only 47%, possibly because of emigration. Early survival in this protected area is adequate to allow population growth, but more data are required on adult survival.

scholarly journals A Long-Term Demographic Analysis of Spotted Turtles (Clemmys guttata) in Illinois Using Matrix Models

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Christina Y. Feng ◽  
Jason P. Ross ◽  
David Mauger ◽  
Michael J. Dreslik
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Matrix Models ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clemmys Guttata ◽  
Spotted Turtle

Matrix models and perturbation analyses provide a useful framework for evaluating demographic vital rates crucial to maintaining population growth. Determining which vital rates most influence population growth is necessary for effective management of long-lived organisms facing population declines. In Illinois, the state-endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) occurs in two distinct populations, and management can benefit from an understanding of its demographic behavior. We conducted a mark–recapture study on both populations in 2015 and 2016 and used historical mark–recapture data from 1988 to 2010 to determine female age-specific survival and fecundity rates. Survival increased significantly with age, and age-specific reproductive output and fecundity were >1.0. However, both populations exhibited net reproductive rates below replacement levels, and one population had a negative growth rate. Summed elasticities for all adult age classes indicate adult survival has the highest proportional impact on population growth. We found evidence of demographic divergence between the two populations, and thus the prioritization of vital rates varied somewhat between sites, with a relatively higher emphasis on juvenile and young adult survival for one population. We recommend conservation actions such as habitat management and predator control, which will have positive impacts across stage classes.

Closure violation in DNA-based mark-recapture estimation of grizzly bear populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Boulanger ◽  
Bruce McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Population Model ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Closed Model ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grid Based

We use methods in the program MARK to explore the effects of closure violation when DNA-based mark–recapture methods are used to estimate grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations. Our approach involves the use of Pradel models in MARK to explore the relationship between recruitment, apparent survival rates, recapture rates, and distance between mean bear-capture locations and the edge of the sampling grid. If the population is demographically closed, it can be assumed that apparent survival estimates the fidelity of bears to the grid area and recruitment estimates rates of addition of bears to the grid area. A core bear population is defined from the Pradel analysis and is used to approximate the grid-based population size. The Huggins closed-population model in MARK is used to provide robust superpopulation estimates by explicitly modeling the relationship between capture probability and distance of bear-capture location from the grid edge. Data from a grizzly bear DNA-based mark–recapture inventory conducted in British Columbia is used to illustrate this method. The results of the Pradel analysis suggest that bears with mean capture locations within 10 km of the grid edge exhibit reduced fidelity rates and higher addition rates. Using the population of bears captured more than 10 km from the grid edge, a core-extrapolated estimate is derived, which is substantially lower than naïve CAPTURE superpopulation estimates. The Huggins model superpopulation estimate displays superior precision compared with CAPTURE model estimates. Our results illustrate the danger of naïve interpretation of closed-model estimates. This method allows further inferences to be made concerning the spatial causes of closure violation, and the degree of bias caused by closure violation to be explored.

scholarly journals Population Growth - The Social Development and Poverty Dimension

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
M.S. Jillani
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The debate over the relationship of population and development is now more than 200 years old, starting with the treatise on population by Malthus, in 1798. The increase in population, ever since, has remained a matter of concern for economists and development planners. The most recent high point of the issue was witnessed at Cairo in September, 1994. The conference which was attended by more than 10,000 persons from all over the world ended with an agreement on the issues involved in the growth of population and the economy. The outcome was a Plan of Action for the next twenty years, which would concentrate on Reproductive Health in order to obtain, “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and process”. This can be a turn-around in global efforts for human health and welfare, if properly implemented.

scholarly journals A sexually-dimorphic murine model of IUGR induced by embryo transfer

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Alison S. Care ◽  
Rebecca L Wilson ◽  
Sandra G Piltz ◽  
Paul Q Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
The Relationship

Animal models are needed to develop interventions to prevent or treat intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Fetal growth rates and effects of in utero exposures differ between sexes, but little is known about sex-specific effects of increasing litter size. We established a murine IUGR model using pregnancies generated by multiple embryo transfers, and evaluated sex-specific responses to increasing litter size. CBAF1 embryos were collected at gestation day 0.5 (GD0.5) and 6, 8, 10 or 12 embryos were transferred into each uterine horn of pseudo-pregnant female CD1 mice (n=32). Fetal and placental outcomes were measured at GD18.5. In the main experiment fetuses were genotyped (Sry) for analysis of sex-specific outcomes. The number of implantation sites (P=0.033) and litter size (number of fetuses, P=0.008) correlated positively with number of embryos transferred, while placental weight correlated negatively with litter size (both P<0.01). The relationship between viable litter size and fetal weight differed between sexes (interaction P=0.002), such that fetal weights of males (P=0.002), but not females (P=0.233), correlated negatively with litter size. Placental weight decreased with increasing litter size (P<0.001) and was lower in females than males (P=0.020). Our results suggest that male fetuses grow as fast as permitted by nutrient supply, whereas the female maintains placental reserve capacity. This strategy reflecting sex-specific gene expression is likely to place the male fetus at greater risk of death in the event of a “second hit”.

Demographic parameters of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) in an urban forest remnant

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
David J. Sharpe ◽  
Ross L. Goldingay
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
First Year ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Squirrel Glider ◽  
Urban Matrix

The effective management of species requires detailed knowledge of key population parameters. A capture–mark–recapture study of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) was conducted in an urban forest remnant in Brisbane, south-east Queensland. A total of 187 adult gliders (96 females, 91 males) was captured 620 times, in 19 sessions over a 4-year period. A Cormack–Jolly–Seber model was employed to estimate adult survival and abundance. Factors that may affect survival (e.g. sex, year, season) were included in population models. The overall probability of annual apparent survival was 0.49 ± 0.08. The capture probability over the duration of the study was 0.38 ± 0.03. The size of the local population was highest in the first year of the study (70–113 individuals) but then declined and generally remained low in the last two years. Apparent survival may include an unknown component of dispersal. However, our study area was mostly surrounded by a hostile urban matrix, so the effect of dispersal may have been minimal. Further studies that assess the survival of squirrel gliders are needed to assess the extent to which this parameter varies among localities.

An empirical study of enrollment in Vermont's Use Value Appraisal property tax program

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1209-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Dennis ◽  
Paul E. Sendak
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

A probit model was used to analyze the relationship between the probability of enrollment in Vermont's Use Value Appraisal property tax program for forest land and characteristics of the parcel, owner, and surrounding community. The results suggest that continued fragmentation of the forest and population growth will have a negative effect on enrollment, but these effects may be mitigated by increases in the education level of landowners and by increases in assessed values and property tax rates.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE TWIN PROVISIONS OF SECTION 48 OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: PROTECTED AREAS ACT AND SECTION 48 OF THE MINERAL AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ACT, IN RESPECT OF “PROTECTED AREAS”

Obiter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Vinti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Resources Development

This note examines the interplay between the twin provisions of section 48 of the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (57 of 2003) (NEMPA Act) and section 48 of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (28 of 2002) (MPRDA), in respect of the concept of a “protected area”. In essence, section 48(1) of the NEMPA Act read with section 48(1) of the MPRDA, prohibit “prospecting” in “protected areas”. However, section 48(1)(b) of the NEMPA Act and section 48(2) of the MPRDA, permit “prospecting” in “protected environments” and in any land “reserved in terms of any other any law”, if written authorisation is acquired under specific strict conditions. “Prospecting” is defined as intentionally searching for any mineral through any method which disturbs the surface or subsurface of the earth, including any portion of the earth that is under the sea or under other water; or in or on any residue stockpile or residue deposit, in order to establish the existence of any mineral and to determine the extent and economic value thereof; or in the sea or other water on land (s 1 read with s 17 of the MPRDA). This issue of the relationship between section 48 of the NEMPA Act and section 48 of the MPRDA has yet to be appropriately adjudicated on by the courts and thus, this paper will assess the implications of their inevitable interaction and suggest an approach that the courts could take in the assessment of a prospecting licence granted in respect of a “protected area”.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK DAN EKONOMI KASUS EKONOMI DI ASEAN-5, 1980-2013.

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Taresh Abdullah A.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quantity Of Children

This study empirically examines the causal relationship between population growth and economic growth, aswell as to analyze the influence of capital, labor, population growth and human resources on economic growth,using the annual data of ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand), over theperiod of 1980-2013. The method used in this study is the Granger Causality and Vector Error CorrectionModel (VECM). VECM is used because the data is stationary at first difference and there is cointegrationbetween variables.From the results estimation which is conducted, it is concluded that, overall, the relationship betweenpopulation growth and economic growth in ASEAN-5 is strong and negative flow from economic growth topopulation growth. This study supports the opinion of theoretical and empirical claims; as income increases,households value quality over quantity of children. Concurrently, population can be a stimulus for economicgrowth through the realization of favorable economies of scale induced by low labor costs, enhancingaggregate demand for goods and services and promoting human capital, and improved efficiency.

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