Revitalisasi Pengelolaan Asrama Dalam Mengembangkan Pendidikan Katolik Bagi Suku Dayak di Wilayah Perbatasan Kabupaten Sanggau

Boarding schools combine the residences of students in school institutions away from home and family, religiously taught and taught several subjects according to the educational curriculum. This article aims to de-describe the discussion about the quantity and quality of Dayak students living in dormitories today, find the factors that cause the lack of interest of children to live in dormitories, and the Involvement of the Catholic Church in revitalizing dormitories in developing education for dayak tribes in the Border Region of the Diocese of Sanggau. The method used is qualitative with data sources of dormitory managers, dormitory children sons / daughters and children who do not live in dormitories. Data obtained from observations, interviews, and documentaries. Data is analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study found that the quality and quantity of children who want to live in dormitories is greatly reduced. This is because Catholic schools that have dormitory facilities compete more closely with other educational foundations, lack of guaranteed school and dormitory facilities, weak dormitory discipline, the number of housing offers (boarding schools) or affordable parents/relatives from the school location, catholic school fees that have dormitory facilities are relatively expensive, and the character of students who do not like to be bound by rules that are considered burdensome.

Efficiency of medical rehabilitation program in early aged children with cystic fibrosis

Introduction. The problem is actual due to the increasing of cystic fibrosis children quantity: according to neonatal screening, there were 124 children with cystic fibrosis in 2018 (72.9 % from all identified cases for the reporting year). Medical rehabilitation is the main method of the pathogenetic therapy and prevention of cystic fibrosis exacerbation. The new strategy of medical procuring for patients with orphan diseases, which is necessary to develop expert methods for diagnostics of rehabilitation potency and objectify individual rehabilitation programs, gives particular relevance to the problem.The objective was the development of new rehabilitation programs for early aged children with cystic fibrosis, the search of efficiency assessment criteria.Methods and materials. Physical and motor growth, clinical and functional parameters were estimated in 79 early aged children of main and control groups.Results. It was proved that the weight index (absolute and relative), quantity of children with harmonic growth increased due to physical methods of rehabilitation while the quantity of children with acutely disharmonic growth reduced in main group. After applying the developed rehabilitation program, the formed motor skills amounted 83 — 92 % from age norm in the main group of children and 60 — 85 % in the control group. Normotonic reaction to physical activity after the physical rehabilitation program was registered in 73.2 % of the main group and 47.8 % of the control group. In dynamics, the rehabilitation efficiency coefficient amounted (1.68±0.10) in the control group of children and (1.97±0.14) (p<0.05) in the main group that could be corresponded as «improvement». That means the quality of clinical and laboratory shifts, dynamism of physical growth and development rate of motor skills is significantly higher in the main group of children.Conclusion. The possibility of physical rehabilitation use in different rehabilitation programs of early aged children with cystic fibrosis was justified. The rehabilitation efficiency coefficient, the rehabilitation potential were offered, the effectiveness of chosen rehabilitation programs was proved.

The Status of Security, Health and Education among Children Living in Child Care Institutions in Delhi

Child population in India is estimated to be 472 million which is 39% of the country’s total population1 . According to United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (abbreviated as UNCRC) a child is a person who has not attained 18 years of age. A high quantity of children needs care and protection and who are conflict with law2 are placed in institutional care both in long term and short term care depending on the identified need of the child. India’s population of orphaned and destitute children is projected to be 20 million3 . Children who are in institutional care needs proper rehabilitation and integration programme which addresses their needs and challenges they face. As per the standardized norms under Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act 2015; the institutions offers the basic requirement to children such as food, safe shelter, appropriate clothing, medical facility and other suitable aids. The present research study is an attempt to examine the status of health, security and education of children residing in child care institutions in Delhi

Children’s Quality and Quantity in Nigeria: A Granger Causality Analysis

This research investigated the cointegration and causal relationships between children’s quality and quantity in Nigeria. The research was based on secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicator database (1980-2014), United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for statistics online database. Children’s quality denoted by the education of the child was proxied by government education expenditure and life expectancy rate, while the quantity of the children denoted by the size of the family was proxied by total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, and the adolescent fertility rate. For analysis, Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, Johansen-Juselius cointegration analysis, and Granger causality tests were conducted. Johansen-Juselius cointegration test results indicate that there is a long-term relationship among the selected variables. Meanwhile, the Granger causality test shows that the causation between the quality and quantity of children is both unidirectional and bi-directional depending on the variable of the quantity of children. The quantity of the children is the cause in the unidirectional causation. Furthermore, a trade-off is established between the quality and quantity of children. Therefore, the policies of the government in encouraging and promoting the reduction of the rate of fertility should be pursued further for an increased level of education of the child.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK DAN EKONOMI KASUS EKONOMI DI ASEAN-5, 1980-2013.

This study empirically examines the causal relationship between population growth and economic growth, aswell as to analyze the influence of capital, labor, population growth and human resources on economic growth,using the annual data of ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand), over theperiod of 1980-2013. The method used in this study is the Granger Causality and Vector Error CorrectionModel (VECM). VECM is used because the data is stationary at first difference and there is cointegrationbetween variables.From the results estimation which is conducted, it is concluded that, overall, the relationship betweenpopulation growth and economic growth in ASEAN-5 is strong and negative flow from economic growth topopulation growth. This study supports the opinion of theoretical and empirical claims; as income increases,households value quality over quantity of children. Concurrently, population can be a stimulus for economicgrowth through the realization of favorable economies of scale induced by low labor costs, enhancingaggregate demand for goods and services and promoting human capital, and improved efficiency.

Essays on economics of microcredit and economics of fertility

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This dissertation is a combination of three essays on development economics. In essay 1, I examine the impact of microcredit use on several aspects of households in Vietnam. One of the main findings is that access to microcredit makes people feel more optimistic. To deal with the possible endogeneity of microcredit availability, I use fixed effect models and also consider an instrumental variables approach. This framework provides controls for both unobserved and observed attributes of households. I do not find clear evidence that microcredit use has significant impact on household profits and expenditures on healthcare, education, food, or assets. The difference between how households respond to permanent income and oneshot income can be used to explain Vietnamese households' consumption behaviors. Because microcredit loans are uncertain incomes, households may hesitate to spend them right away. This could be a reason why we do not see clear evidence of microcredit effects on household consumption behaviors. Essays 2 and 3 focus on economics of fertility. In particular, in essay 2, I evaluate the children quantity/quality trade-off model. Finding exogenous variations in the quantity of children is the key in empirical studies on the quantity-quality trade-off. Prior to 2003, the Vietnamese government restricted the number of children per family to two and the policy was binding on government workers. Using the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey data, I find that after the relaxation of the two-child policy in 2003, government workers are more likely to have more than two children compared to the general population. In particular, the policy increases the percentage of families that have more than two children by 8 percent. I use this exogenous increase in the quantity of children to build an instrument for fertility to test the Becker model. My findings are an increase in the number of children reduces the school enrollment of first-born children, but increases the education spending on a first-born child who is enrolled. In essay 3, I examine the causal link from family size to labor force participation of members in families, including mothers, fathers, and the first-born children. The research design exploits variation in fertility due to preferences for male children. Adopting the instrument for fertility introduced by Angrist et al. (1998, 2010), we find that the preference for a mixed sibling-sex composition Angrist et al. described in their papers does not exist in Vietnam. Having two first girls is more likely to push couples to try for more in hope of having a boy, but having two first boys can be enough for them. Empirical results show members in families respond differently to an increase in family size, and the results are also very different for urban and rural households. Children in rural areas suffer the most from high fertility. An additional child makes more rural parents get involved in self-employment to find a way to support their families. Negative effects of fertility on parental working hours are found in samples of urban mothers and rural fathers.

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EVOLUTION: PARENTAL PREFERENCE FOR QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF OFFSPRING

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the model developed by Galor and Moav [Galor, Oded and Omer Moav (2002) Natural selection and the origin of economic growth.Quarterly Journal of Economics117(4), 1133–1191] in which agents vary genetically in their preference for quality and quantity of children. The simulation produces a pattern of income and population growth that resembles the period of Malthusian stagnation before the Industrial Revolution and the take-off into a modern growth era. We also investigate the stability of the modern growth era as an absorbing state of the model under the introduction of a strongly quantity-preferring genotype. We show that, given the absence of a scale effect of population in the model, the economy can regress to a Malthusian state under this change in the initial distribution of genotypes.

A THEORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITH ENDOGENOUS FERTILITY

In this paper I build a unified model of economic growth to account for the time-series evolution of output, fertility, and population in the industrialization of an economy. Specifically, I merge the unified growth models of Galor and Weil [American Economic Review 90 (2000), 806–828] and Hansen and Prescott [American Economic Review 92 (2002), 1205–1217] to capture the importance of human capital formation, fertility decline, and the transition from agriculture to industry in transition from stagnation to growth. Moreover, I also incorporate young adult mortality into the model. Initially, the aggregate human capital and return to education are low and the mortality rate is high; therefore parents invest in quantity of children. Once sufficient human capital is accumulated and mortality rates are reduced, thanks to increasing life expectancy, with the activation of the modern human capital–intensive sector, parents start to invest in the quality of their children. The simulation of the model economy improves upon the quantitative performance of the existing literature and successfully captures the evolution of fertility, population, and GDP in the British economy between 1750 and 2000.