Trace element profiles as unique identifiers of western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Norris ◽  
D.B. Lank ◽  
J. Pither ◽  
D. Chipley ◽  
R.C. Ydenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Trace Element Profiles ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Global Population

Understanding the ecology and evolution of migratory animals requires information on how populations are geographically linked between periods of the annual cycle. To examine whether trace elements could be used to track migratory birds, we analyzed concentrations of 42 trace elements in feathers of western sandpipers ( Calidris mauri (Cabanis, 1857)) that were grown at five different wintering sites ranging from San Francisco Bay (USA) to the Bay of Panama. Linear discriminant analysis of 15 elements correctly classified all 26 individuals to their wintering sites, including two sites that were separated by less than 3 km. A randomization procedure confirmed the robustness of these findings. Our analysis suggests that trace elements can be used to assign individuals to specific sites of origin. Although we did not sample feathers from all wintering areas, the regions our sites represented comprised a significant percentage of the global population. However, since trace element profiles appear to be highly specific to geographic sites, we suggest that this technique is best suited for cases where samples can be obtained from the majority of populations throughout a species range. Thus, under certain circumstances, trace element profiles may provide the potential to identify populations with a high degree of spatial accuracy.

scholarly journals Using trace elements to identify the geographic origin of migratory bats

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10082
Author(s):  
Jamin G. Wieringa ◽  
Juliet Nagel ◽  
David M. Nelson ◽  
Bryan C. Carstens ◽  
H. Lisle Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Element Profiles ◽  
Geographic Sources

The expansion of the wind energy industry has had benefits in terms of increased renewable energy production but has also led to increased mortality of migratory bats due to interactions with wind turbines. A key question that could guide bat-related management activities is identifying the geographic origin of bats killed at wind-energy facilities. Generating this information requires developing new methods for identifying the geographic sources of individual bats. Here we explore the viability of assigning geographic origin using trace element analyses of fur to infer the summer molting location of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis). Our approach is based on the idea that the concentration of trace elements in bat fur is related through the food chain to the amount of trace elements present in the soil, which varies across large geographic scales. Specifically, we used inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to determine the concentration of fourteen trace elements in fur of 126 known-origin eastern red bats to generate a basemap for assignment throughout the range of this species in eastern North America. We then compared this map to publicly available soil trace element concentrations for the U.S. and Canada, used a probabilistic framework to generate likelihood-of-origin maps for each bat, and assessed how well trace element profiles predicted the origins of these individuals. Overall, our results suggest that trace elements allow successful assignment of individual bats 80% of the time while reducing probable locations in half. Our study supports the use of trace elements to identify the geographic origin of eastern red and perhaps other migratory bats, particularly when combined with data from other biomarkers such as genetic and stable isotope data.

Isotopic Signatures and Trace Elements Concentrations in Breast Feathers of Male Caspian Terns and Double Crested Cormorants

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Flood
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Local Exposure ◽  
Caspian Tern

Migratory fish-eating birds occupy the highest trophic positions of aquatic ecosystems and as such serve as invaluable end-point indicators of the presence and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic contaminants. The birds’ main route of contaminant exposure is through food consumption. Migration can complicate this pathway by introducing numerous feeding habitats and thus, potential sources of contamination. Birds possess a number of depuration mechanisms that permit them to reduce their contaminant burden, namely the elimination of metals and mercury (Hg) through their feathers, feces and eggs. Trace element concentrations found in the feathers reflect the contaminants circulating in the body at the time of feather growth, representing local exposure and potential mobilization from internal tissues. Molt schedules and patterns are important considerations when selecting feathers to link feeding ecology with contaminants, as migratory birds’ feathers grow on and represent different sites. Stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen isotopes (δD) can reveal feeding ecology and habitat use during their annual cycle. Consequently, anthropogenic and natural sources of metal accumulation can be linked to those ecological variables. This study will examine the assimilation of trace element in male Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) and Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) breast feathers grown on wintering sites and stable isotope signatures will be used to determine origin of contaminants. The aims for this study are to determine (i) whether isotopic signatures of feathers grown on wintering sites can explain variations in feather trace element concentrations, (ii) whether isotopes can determine the source of contamination, and (iii) whether differences in trace elements between individuals are determined by location of wintering ground or species.

scholarly journals Flyway-Scale Variation in Plasma Triglyceride Levels as an Index of Refueling Rate in Spring-Migrating Western Sandpipers (Calidris Mauri)

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 886-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony D. Williams ◽  
Nils Warnock ◽  
John Y. Takekawa ◽  
Mary Anne Bishop
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Western Sandpipers

Abstract We combined radiotelemetry, plasma metabolite analyses, and macro-invertebrate prey sampling to investigate variation in putative fattening rates (estimated as plasma triglyceride levels) at the flyway scale in Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) migrating between Punta Banda, Mexico (31°N), and Hartney Bay, Alaska (60°N), a distance of 4,240 km. Birds were caught at a wintering site (San Francisco Bay) and eight stopover sites along this Pacific Flyway. Body mass was higher in females than in males at six sites, but variation was not correlated with latitude for either sex, and the relationship of change in mass by date within sites was uninformative with regard to possible latitudinal variation in fattening rates. At San Francisco Bay, triglyceride levels were higher in the spring than in the winter. Mean plasma triglyceride varied among stopover sites, and there was a significant linear trend of increasing triglyceride levels with latitude as birds migrated north. At San Francisco Bay, length of stay was negatively related to triglyceride levels. However, plasma triglyceride levels at wintering or initial stopover sites (San Francisco and Punta Banda) did not predict individual variation in subsequent rates of travel during migration. We found no significant relationship between triglyceride levels and prey biomass at different stopover sites, which suggests that the latitudinal pattern is not explained by latitudinal changes in food availability. Rather, we suggest that differences in physiology of migratory birds at southern versus northern stopover sites or behavioral differences may allow birds to sustain higher fattening rates closer to the breeding grounds. Variación a la Escala de Corredores de Vuelo en los Niveles de Triglicéridos Plasmáticos como un Índice de la Tasa de Reabastecimiento durante la Migración de Primavera en Calidris mauri

Trace Element Analysis of Bone from Past Populations in the Peninsula of Yucatan

2012 ◽  
Vol 1374 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Saul Chay ◽  
Mónica Rodríguez ◽  
Patricia Quintana ◽  
Vera Tiesler
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Justice Department ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dietary Study ◽  
Maya Site ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTThis dietary study compares concentrations of trace elements in human skeletal series from the municipal cemetery of Xoclán, in Mérida, Yucatan, and a skeletal collection that was donated by the Yucatecan State Justice Department (PGH). The results from these modern samples are to be compared to those obtained from human collections from a colonial cemetery from Campeche and the pre-Hispanic Maya site of Xcambó. Our results indicate that the archaeological series show higher concentrations of Sr compared to the modern populations, both of which showed very similar values. Zn concentrations were similar when the modern values were compared to those derived from the colonial series from Campeche. Xcambó´s population, in turn, shows a high degree of variability in Zn values, which may be due to diagenetic contamination.

A study of some brigalow soils based on trace-element profiles

Soil Research ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Oertel ◽  
JB Giles
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
Trace Element Profiles ◽  
Nickel Lead

Evidence indicative of layering in the original parent material of a soil can be obtained from trace-element profiles. Some of the layers detected by this means in the parent materials of the brigalow soils examined were not apparent in the field. Trace element profiles also provided confirmatory evidence for the occurrence of a buried soil. The present alkaline-acid boundary of brigalow soils with acid substrata frequently did not coincide with a layer interface, and two distinct levels of concentration of pH-sensitive trace elements were found in the alkaline layer of some of these soils. These observations are compatible with movement of the alkaline-acid boundary during pedogenesis. Of the elements boron, cobalt, copper, gallium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, vanadium, and zirconium, all but cobalt, manganese, and nickel, which were pH-sensitive, had profiles that were typical of grey and brown soils of heavy texture. In addition, the average silt-plus-clay profile of the brigalow soils examined was almost identical with that of typical soils of this taxonomic group. These results support the conclusion from field observations that, apart from reaction, brigalow soils are mostly typical grey or brown soils of heavy texture.

U-Pb in situ dating and trace elements profiles in chrysocolla and pseudomalachite : Application to supergene copper mineralization.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Leisen ◽  
Zia Steven Kahou ◽  
Stéphanie Brichau ◽  
Stéphanie Duchêne ◽  
François-Xavier d’Abzac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Common Lead ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Trace Element Profiles

<p><span><span>Over the past two decades, laser ablation coupled with the mass spectrometer has become a major analytical tool for the measurement of isotopic ratios and the determination of trace elements. The improvement of the sensitivity has provided new perspectives and permits to study new types of targets. For example, many questions remain open about the formation of supergene mineralization such as: what is exact timing for their deposition? What are the required associated physico-chemical conditions? To answer these questions, we focused on two copper deposits located in Chile (Mina Sur) and Burkina Faso (Gaoua) to develop U-Pb analysis and trace element profiles in pseudomalachite and chrysocolla. The analyses were carried out at the GET Laboratory (Toulouse). Different couplings between a femtosecond laser (fs-LA) or a nanosecond laser (ns-LA) and a HR-ICPMS or a MC-ICPMS were used. Trace elements determination and in situ U-Pb analysis present different challenges. For U-Pb analyses, matrix effects must be taken into account and the contribution of common lead (</span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb) must be subtracted. As there is no chrysocolla or pseudomalachite reference materials, zircon and apatite were used as the primary external standards and fs-LA was used as a matrix independent sampling method. No significant U-Pb fractionation was observed, whatever the structure of the ablated matrix (silicate, phosphate). The bias linked to common lead was calculated from fs-LA-MC-ICPMS measurements. The </span><sup><span>206</span></sup><span>Pb / </span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb intensity ratio gives a first approximation on the possibility to determine the U-Pb age. Three cases have been distinguished: 1) If </span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb is low (</span><sup><span>206</span></sup><span>Pb / </span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb ≥ 500) the U-Pb age obtained by this first analyze can be used. 2) If </span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb is significant and the intensity ratio of </span><sup><span>206</span></sup><span>Pb / </span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb range between 500 and 5, a second step is necessary. In such a case, </span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb must be determined more precisely using a MC-ICPMS to retrieve the common lead corrected U-Pb age. 3) If </span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb is high (</span><sup><span>206</span></sup><span>Pb / </span><sup><span>204</span></sup><span>Pb <5), then it is not possible to determine the U-Pb age of the sample. Trace element profiles were also performed on the same chrysocolla and pseudomalachite samples. These analyses have been carried out using a ns-LA coupled to HR-ICPMS and NIST SRM 610 was used as primary standard. The reproducibility and accuracy of the analyses were verified by the ablation of secondary standards (91500 zircon and Durango apatite) and comparison with EMPA analyses. In this study we demonstrate that supergene mineralization can be directly dated and the trace elements in pseudomalachite and chrysocolla can be determined. The combination of these methods provides a new tool to understand the physico-chemical and geological conditions that are required for the formation of supergene mineralization.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Coexisting Rubies and Blue Sapphires from Major World Deposits: A Brief Review of Their Mineralogical Properties

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Palke
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Chemistry ◽  
Element Chemistry ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Trace Element Profiles ◽  
Geological Constraints ◽  
Mining Regions

Gem corundum deposits are typically divided into blue sapphire and ruby deposits. However, this classification often overlooks the fact that the precious stones produced are the same mineral with only an overall slight difference in their trace element profiles. It can take only a couple thousand ppm chromium to create the rich, red color expected of a ruby. This contribution deals specifically with economically important gem corundum mining regions that produce both blue sapphires and rubies either in comparable quantities (Mogok, Myanmar, and the basalt-related gem fields on the border between Thailand and Cambodia at Chanthaburi, Thailand, and Pailin, Cambodia) or predominantly blue sapphires with rare rubies (secondary Montana sapphire deposits and Yogo Gulch in Montana as well as the gem fields of Sri Lanka). Comparison of the trace element profiles and inclusions in the blue sapphire/ruby assemblages in these deposits shows that there are both monogenetic and polygenetic assemblages in which the blue sapphires and rubies have the same geological origin (monogenetic) or distinct geological origins (polygenetic). In the monogenetic assemblages, the rubies and blue sapphires have essentially indistinguishable inclusions and trace element chemistry profiles (with the exception of Cr contents). On the other hand, polygenetic assemblages are composed of rubies and blue sapphires with distinct inclusions and trace element chemistry profiles. Notably, in the monogenetic assemblages, chromium seems to vary independently from other trace elements. In these assemblages, Cr can vary by nearly four orders of magnitude with essentially no consistent relationship to other trace elements. The observations described herein are an attempt to address the question of what the geochemical and geological constraints are that turn gem corundum into a spectacular ruby.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Potential for Determination of the Geographic Origin of Ruby and Sapphire Using an Expanded Trace Element Suite Plus Sr–Pb Isotope Compositions

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Krebs ◽  
Matthew Hardman ◽  
David Pearson ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Andrew Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Pb Isotope ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Origin Determination

The geographic origin of gem corundum has emerged as one of its major value factors. Combined with gemological observations, trace element analysis is a powerful tool for the determination of corundum provenance. However, owing to similar properties and features of gem corundum from different localities, but similar geological settings, and very low levels of many trace elements in gem corundum, the determination of geographic origin remains challenging. In this study, we present trace elements compositions determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for rubies and blue sapphires from several different localities of geologically similar deposits: high-Fe amphibolite-type rubies, low-Fe marble-type rubies, and metamorphic blue sapphires. In addition, we determined Sr and Pb isotopic ratios by offline laser ablation sampling followed by thermal ionization mass spectroscopy (TIMS). By applying new and existing elemental discrimination schemes and the multivariate statistical method linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we show that, in addition to the commonly used discriminators Mg, Fe, V, Ti, and Ga, the elements Ni, Zr, Cr, and Zn show potential for geographic origin determination. Amphibolite-type rubies from different localities can be discriminated using Sr and Pb isotope ratios, whereas the discrimination of marble-type ruby and metamorphic blue sapphires is limited. Our results re-emphasize the challenge of geographic origin determination and the need for a more powerful discriminatory tool.

Methylmercury and Trace Element Distribution in the Organs of Stenella coeruleoalba Dolphins Stranded on the French Mediterranean Coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Wafo ◽  
Véronique Risoul ◽  
Thérèse Schembri ◽  
Véronique Lagadec ◽  
Frank Dhermain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Trace Element Distribution ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽  
Contamination Levels

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination by mercury (Hg), methylmercury (Me-Hg), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in dolphins stranded on the French Mediterranean coast. The distributions of these contaminants in the organs of dolphins have also been studied. Overall, contamination levels varied according to the following sequence: liver > kidney > lung > muscle, except for cadmium (kidney > liver > lung > muscle). Size and sex of animals were also considered. Young dolphins were less impacted with trace elements than adults, except for copper. Among the studied parameters, the most important appeared to be the size of mammals. In addition, in the case of mercury and selenium, the sex of mammals seemed to be also relevant. The correlations between the concentrations of trace elements suggest the existence of detoxification processes. Since 1990s, using dolphins for tracing marine pollution, a slight reduction in the burden of the considered trace elements could be noted.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of some trace elements in sediments and grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) along the Arabian Gulf coast, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Hameed Alsamadany ◽  
Hassan S. Al-Zahrani ◽  
El-Metwally M. Selim ◽  
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Grey Mangrove

AbstractTo assess trace element concentrations (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni) in the mangrove swamps along the Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf, thirteen samples of surface sediment and leaves of grey mangrove, Avicennia marina were collected and analyzed. The detected trace element contents (μg g-1) in surface sediments were in the following descending order according to their mean values; Cr (49.18) > Zn (48.48) > Cu (43.06) > Pb (26.61) > Ni (22.88) > Cd (3.21). The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd and Pb exceeded their world average concentration of shale. The geo-accumulation, potential ecological risk and toxicity response indices demonstrated that trace elements have posed a considerable ecological risk, especially Cd. The inter-relationships between physico-chemical characters and trace elements suggests that grained particles of mud represent a noteworthy character in the distribution of trace elements compared to organic materials. Moreover, the results revealed that Zn was clearly bioaccumulated in leaf tissues A. marina. Dredging, landfilling, sewage effluents and oil pollution can be the paramount sources of pollution in the area under investigation.

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