scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Potential for Determination of the Geographic Origin of Ruby and Sapphire Using an Expanded Trace Element Suite Plus Sr–Pb Isotope Compositions

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Krebs ◽  
Matthew Hardman ◽  
David Pearson ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Andrew Fagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Pb Isotope ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Origin Determination

The geographic origin of gem corundum has emerged as one of its major value factors. Combined with gemological observations, trace element analysis is a powerful tool for the determination of corundum provenance. However, owing to similar properties and features of gem corundum from different localities, but similar geological settings, and very low levels of many trace elements in gem corundum, the determination of geographic origin remains challenging. In this study, we present trace elements compositions determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for rubies and blue sapphires from several different localities of geologically similar deposits: high-Fe amphibolite-type rubies, low-Fe marble-type rubies, and metamorphic blue sapphires. In addition, we determined Sr and Pb isotopic ratios by offline laser ablation sampling followed by thermal ionization mass spectroscopy (TIMS). By applying new and existing elemental discrimination schemes and the multivariate statistical method linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we show that, in addition to the commonly used discriminators Mg, Fe, V, Ti, and Ga, the elements Ni, Zr, Cr, and Zn show potential for geographic origin determination. Amphibolite-type rubies from different localities can be discriminated using Sr and Pb isotope ratios, whereas the discrimination of marble-type ruby and metamorphic blue sapphires is limited. Our results re-emphasize the challenge of geographic origin determination and the need for a more powerful discriminatory tool.

Gradient centrifugation to isolate platelets for determination of trace elements by neutron-activation analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1902-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Bibow ◽  
H H Mundal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Gradient Separation ◽  
Density Gradient Separation

Abstract A nonionic iodinated compound, Nycodenz, was used for density-gradient isolation of platelets before analysis for trace elements by instrumental neutron activation. The platelet samples were almost free from plasma and erythrocytes, and the trace element contribution from additives was insignificant for the elements investigated. The reproducibility of the trace element analysis in platelets attests to the usefulness of density-gradient separation. Platelet samples were obtained twice, three weeks apart, from 10 healthy young women (ages 24 +/- 2 years). The mean (SD) concentrations were as follows: Se, 0.62 (0.16) mg/L and 4.7 (1.4) ng/10(9) platelets; Zn, 44 (10) mg/L and 333 (80) ng/10(9) platelets; Rb, 3.0 (0.5) mg/L and 23 (5) ng/10(9) platelets; and Cs, 24 (5) micrograms/L and 0.18 (0.04) ng/10(9) platelets.

scholarly journals Trace Element Analysis of Bovine Liver: Interlaboratory Survey in Australia and New Zealand

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S Koh ◽  
T H Benson ◽  
G J Judson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Abstract An interlaboratory survey of the determination of trace elements in bovine liver was undertaken. Thirty-three laboratories from Australia and 15 from New Zealand returned results. Moisture determination results were variable despite the use of a recommended drying procedure. For the 10 trace elements determined, the mean values (μg/g) with their interlaboratory coefficients of variation (CV) were: cadmium, 1.2 (42.5%); cobalt, 0.21 (9.5%); copper, 110 (6.0%); iron, 276 (11.0%); lead, 0.6 (48.9%); manganese, 8.6 (13.9%); mercury, 0.03 (30.0%); molybdenum, 2.5 (45.6%); selenium, 1.0 (17.5%); zinc, 219 (8.2%). The intralaboratory CV for determining each of these elements was less than 9% except for the lead CV which was 20.2%. Results for the determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were also reported. The survey shows that while the use of a standard reference material can improve the performance of laboratories in trace element analysis, it may also introduce analytical bias.

TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF PYRITES IN GAS SHALES BY LASER ABLATION ICP-MS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MOBILITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy K. Plechacek ◽  
◽  
Madeline E. Schreiber ◽  
John A. Chermak ◽  
Tracy L. Bank
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Gas Shales

Determination of trace elements in zeolites by laser ablation ICP-MS

2000 ◽  
Vol 368 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pickhardt ◽  
I. B. Brenner ◽  
J. S. Becker ◽  
H.-J. Dietze
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Icp Ms

scholarly journals Parental magma composition of the Main Zone of the Bushveld Complex: Evidence from in-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of silicate minerals in the cumulate rocks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghong Yang ◽  
Wolfgang D. Maier ◽  
Belinda Godel ◽  
Sarah-Jane Barnes ◽  
Eero Hanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Bushveld Complex ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Parental Magma ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Incompatible Elements

<p>In-situ trace element analysis of cumulus minerals may provide a clue to the parental magma from which the minerals crystallized. However, this is hampered by effects of the trapped liquid shift (TLS). In the Main Zone (MZ) of the Bushveld Complex, the Ti content in plagioclase grains shows a clear increase from core to rim, whereas most other elements (e.g., rare earth elements (REEs), Zr, Hf, Pb) do not. This is different from the prominent intra-grain variation of all trace elements in silicate minerals in mafic dikes and smaller intrusion, which have a faster cooling rate. We suggest that crystal fractionation of trapped liquid occurred in the MZ of Bushveld and the TLS may have modified the original composition of the cumulus minerals for most trace elements except Ti during slow cooling. Quantitative model calculations suggest that the influence of the TLS depends on the bulk partition coefficient of the element. The effect on highly incompatible elements is clearly more prominent ­­than on moderately incompatible and compatible elements because of different concentration gradients between cores and rims of cumulate minerals. This is supported by the following observations in the MZ of Bushveld: 1) positive correlation between Cr, Ni and Mg# of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, 2) negative correlation between moderately incompatible elements (e.g., Mn and Sc in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, Sr, Ba, Eu in plagioclase), but 3) poor correlation between highly incompatible elements and Mg# of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene or An# of plagioclase. Modeling suggests that the extent of the TLS for a trace element is also dependent on the initial fraction of the primary trapped liquid, with strong TLS occurring if the primary trapped liquid fraction is high. This is supported by the positive correlation between highly incompatible trace element abundances in cumulus minerals and whole-rock Zr contents.</p><p>We have calculated the composition of the parental magma of the MZ of the Bushveld Complex. The compatible and moderately incompatible element contents of the calculated parental liquid are generally similar to those of the B3 marginal rocks, but different from the B1 and B2 marginal rocks. For the highly incompatible elements, we suggest that the use of the sample with the lowest whole-rock Zr content and the least degree of TLS is the best approach to obtain the parental magma composition. Based on calculation, we propose that a B3 type liquid is the most likely parental magma to the MZ of the Bushveld Complex.</p>

scholarly journals Using trace elements to identify the geographic origin of migratory bats

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10082
Author(s):  
Jamin G. Wieringa ◽  
Juliet Nagel ◽  
David M. Nelson ◽  
Bryan C. Carstens ◽  
H. Lisle Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Element Profiles ◽  
Geographic Sources

The expansion of the wind energy industry has had benefits in terms of increased renewable energy production but has also led to increased mortality of migratory bats due to interactions with wind turbines. A key question that could guide bat-related management activities is identifying the geographic origin of bats killed at wind-energy facilities. Generating this information requires developing new methods for identifying the geographic sources of individual bats. Here we explore the viability of assigning geographic origin using trace element analyses of fur to infer the summer molting location of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis). Our approach is based on the idea that the concentration of trace elements in bat fur is related through the food chain to the amount of trace elements present in the soil, which varies across large geographic scales. Specifically, we used inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to determine the concentration of fourteen trace elements in fur of 126 known-origin eastern red bats to generate a basemap for assignment throughout the range of this species in eastern North America. We then compared this map to publicly available soil trace element concentrations for the U.S. and Canada, used a probabilistic framework to generate likelihood-of-origin maps for each bat, and assessed how well trace element profiles predicted the origins of these individuals. Overall, our results suggest that trace elements allow successful assignment of individual bats 80% of the time while reducing probable locations in half. Our study supports the use of trace elements to identify the geographic origin of eastern red and perhaps other migratory bats, particularly when combined with data from other biomarkers such as genetic and stable isotope data.

scholarly journals Preface

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. viii
Author(s):  
Michael Bickel
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Animal Metabolism

Trace elements may have different functions in human and animal metabolism: some are toxic (e.g., Hg), others are essential to maintain good health (e.g., Ca), or they can be essential but also toxic, depending on the concentration in the body or in parts thereof (e.g., Se).The importance of various aspects of trace elements in relation to food is steadily increasing in the perception of the consumer and the respective authorities: food contaminants, essential and toxic elements, bioavailability and speciation, nutritional value and fortified food, reliable measurement of contents, etc. In addition, through the many minor and major food-related incidents during recent years the consumer is becoming more concerned about the quality and safety of food. As a result, research and development efforts in this area have also been increased and/or been redirected.TEF-2 was organized in Brussels 7-8 October 2004 by the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, with the support of the Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology of the University of Warzaw, Poland and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France. It was carried through under the auspices of IUPAC.The objectives laid down for the symposium were- presenting state-of-the-art analytical methods for the enforcement of legal limits of trace elements in food;- disseminating new ideas and findings within the scientific community;- providing a forum for the exchange of new knowledge and experience between R&D, authorities, and industry; and- bringing together experts in the field with newcomers.TEF-2 was attended by 93 participants from 60 different institutions in 23 countries. It consisted of 26 lectures and 56 posters, structured according to the following four main topics:- trace elements in the food chain (from the environment to shelf product) including the effects of processing and of legislation- trace element bioavailability-toxicological and nutritional aspects- fortified food and supplementation legislation, manufacturing and labeling, standards- advances in trace element analysis in food matricesIt was emphasized that the field of trace elements in food is a lively research area, which generates interest and involvement from researchers, authorities, and industry, of course triggered and nurtured by the equally high interest of the consumer. A selection of the invited contributions to TEF-2 is presented in the subsequent seven papers in this issue.The importance of scientific exchange in this field was, again, recognized during TEF-2. Therefore, the continuation of this series of conferences was discussed, and the venue for the subsequent TEF-3 was decided. It will be organized by R. Lobinski of CNRS in Pau, France, at the beginning of October 2008.Michael BickelConference Editor

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