Na+–K+ ATPase concentration in different adult rat skeletal muscles is related to oxidative potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Chin ◽  
H. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Wet Weight

To investigate the relationship among fibre type, oxidative potential, and Na+–K+ ATPase concentration in skeletal muscle, adult male Wistar rats weighing 259 ± 8 g [Formula: see text] were sacrificed and the soleus (SOL), extensor digitoram longus (EDL), red vastus lateralis (RV), and white vastus lateralis (WV) removed. These muscles were chosen as being representative of the two major fibre type populations: slow twitch (SOL) and fast twitch (EDL, RV, WV) and exhibiting either a high (SOL, EDL, RV) or low (WV) oxidative potential. Na+–K+ ATPase concentration (pmol∙g−1 wet weight), measured by the [3H]ouabain binding technique, differed (p < 0.01) only between the WV (238 ± 7.9) and the SOL (359 ± 9.6), EDL (365 ± 10), and RV (403 ± 12). Similarly, muscle oxidative potential as measured by the maximal activity of citrate synthase was different (p < 0.01) only between the WV and the other three muscles. Citrate synthase activity (μmol∙min−1∙g−1 wet weight) was 4.0 ± 0.7, 12.3 ± 0.9, 9.1 ± 0.7, and 11.3 ± 1.0 in the WV, SOL, EDL, and RV, respectively. These results indicate that Na+–K+ ATPase concentration is not related to the speed of contraction but to the oxidative potential of the muscle. Since chronic activity is a primary determinant of oxidative potential, it would be expected that increases in Na+–K+ ATPase would accompany increases in muscle utilization.Key words: Na+–K+ ATPase, citrate synthase, type I and type II fibres.

Cellular responses in skeletal muscle to a season of ice hockey

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Green ◽  
Aziz Batada ◽  
Bill Cole ◽  
Margaret E. Burnett ◽  
Helen Kollias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wet Weight

We hypothesized that a season of ice hockey would result in extensive remodeling of muscle. Tissue sampled from the vastus lateralis of 15 players (age = 20.6 ± 0.4 years; mean ± SE) prior to (PRE) and following (POST) a season was used to characterize specific adaptations. Measurement of representative metabolic pathway enzymes indicated higher maximal activities in POST than in PRE (p < 0.05) for succinic dehydrogenase (3.26 ± 0.31 vs. 3.91 ± 0.11 mol·mg protein–1·min–1), citrate synthase (7.26 ± 0.70 vs. 8.70 ± 0.55 mol·mg protein–1·min–1), and phosphofructokinase (12.8 ± 1.3 vs. 14.4 ± 0.96 mol·mg protein–1·min–1) only. The season resulted in an increase in Na+-K+-ATPase concentration (253 ± 6.3 vs. 265 ± 6.0 pmol·g–1 wet weight), a decrease (p < 0.05) in maximal activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (107 ± 4.2 µmol·g protein–1·min–1 vs. 92.0 ± 4.6 µmol·g protein–1·min–1), and no change in the distribution (%) of fibre types. A smaller (p < 0.05) cross-sectional area (CSA) for both type I (–11.7%) and type IIA (–18.2%) fibres and a higher (p < 0.05) capillary count/CSA for type I (+17.9%) and type IIA (+17.2%) were also found over the season. No changes were found in peak oxygen consumption (51.4 ± 1.2 mL·kg–1·min–1 vs. 52.3 ± 1.3 mL·kg–1·min–1). The results suggest, based on the alterations in oxidative and perfusion potentials and muscle mass, that the dominant adaptations are in support of oxidative metabolism, which occurs at the expense of fibre CSA and possibly force-generating potential.

scholarly journals Changes in Glucose and Glutamine Lymphocyte Metabolisms Induced by Type I Interferon α

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Navarro ◽  
Aline V. N. Bacurau ◽  
Andréa Vanzelli ◽  
Marcela Meneguello-Coutinho ◽  
Marco C. Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Type I ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Glutamine Consumption ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

In lymphocytes (LY), the well-documented antiproliferative effects of IFN-α are associated with inhibition of protein synthesis, decreased amino acid incorporation, and cell cycle arrest. However, the effects of this cytokine on the metabolism of glucose and glutamine in these cells have not been well investigated. Thus, mesenteric and spleen LY of male Wistar rats were cultured in the presence or absence of IFN-α, and the changes on glucose and glutamine metabolisms were investigated. The reduced proliferation of mesenteric LY was accompanied by a reduction in glucose total consumption (35%), aerobic glucose metabolism (55%), maximal activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (49%), citrate synthase activity (34%), total glutamine consumption (30%), aerobic glutamine consumption (20.3%) and glutaminase activity (56%). In LY isolated from spleen, IFNα also reduced the proliferation and impaired metabolism. These data demonstrate that in LY, the antiproliferative effects of IFNα are associated with a reduction in glucose and glutamine metabolisms.

Human skeletal muscle exercise metabolism following an expedition to Mount Denali

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. R1872-R1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Green ◽  
B. Roy ◽  
S. Grant ◽  
C. Otto ◽  
A. Pipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Contracting Muscle ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Glycolytic Potential

Chronic exposure to high altitude is known to result in changes in the mechanisms regulating O2 delivery to the contracting muscle. However, the effects of acclimatization on metabolism in the contracting muscle cell remain unclear. In this study, we have investigated the hypothesis that acclimatization would result in a closer coupling between ATP utilization and ATP production and that the improved energy state would be accompanied by a reorganization of the metabolic pathways consisting of an increased oxidative and decreased glycolytic potential. Five men, mean age of 28 ± 2 (SE) yr, performed a standardized, two-stage submaximal cycling task in normoxia for 20 min at each of 59 and 74% peak O2 consumption before and 3–4 days after returning from a 21-day expedition to Mount Denali (6,194 m). Acclimatization was without effect in altering the resting values of the adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), or phosphocreatine (PCr) in the vastus lateralis. During exercise (40 min) after acclimatization compared with preacclimatization, PCr was not as depressed (33.2 ± 7.1 vs. 40.6 ± 5.4 mmol/kg dry wt) and IMP (0.289 ± 0.11 vs. 0.131 ± 0.03 mmol/kg dry wt) and lactate (26.1 ± 6.2 vs. 18.6 ± 8.8 mmol/kg dry wt) in contracting muscle were not as elevated ( P < 0.05). Although no effect of acclimatization was observed for the maximal activity (mol · kg protein−1 · h−1) of citrate synthase (4.76 ± 0.44 vs. 4.94 ± 0.45), lactate dehydrogenase was increased by 13% (36.5 ± 2.6 vs. 41.2 ± 3.1, P < 0.05). It is concluded that acclimatization results in an improved energy state in the contracting muscle when tested under normoxic conditions; however, these effects are not associated with a higher oxidative potential or a lower glycolytic potential as hypothesized.

Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
Scott C. Hughes ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Suzanne N. Bradwell ◽  
Martin J. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Cycle Endurance

Parra et al. ( Acta Physiol. Scand 169: 157–165, 2000) showed that 2 wk of daily sprint interval training (SIT) increased citrate synthase (CS) maximal activity but did not change “anaerobic” work capacity, possibly because of chronic fatigue induced by daily training. The effect of fewer SIT sessions on muscle oxidative potential is unknown, and aside from changes in peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2 peak), no study has examined the effect of SIT on “aerobic” exercise capacity. We tested the hypothesis that six sessions of SIT, performed over 2 wk with 1–2 days rest between sessions to promote recovery, would increase CS maximal activity and endurance capacity during cycling at ∼80% V̇o2 peak. Eight recreationally active subjects [age = 22 ± 1 yr; V̇o2 peak = 45 ± 3 ml·kg−1·min−1 (mean ± SE)] were studied before and 3 days after SIT. Each training session consisted of four to seven “all-out” 30-s Wingate tests with 4 min of recovery. After SIT, CS maximal activity increased by 38% (5.5 ± 1.0 vs. 4.0 ± 0.7 mmol·kg protein−1·h−1) and resting muscle glycogen content increased by 26% (614 ± 39 vs. 489 ± 57 mmol/kg dry wt) (both P < 0.05). Most strikingly, cycle endurance capacity increased by 100% after SIT (51 ± 11 vs. 26 ± 5 min; P < 0.05), despite no change in V̇o2 peak. The coefficient of variation for the cycle test was 12.0%, and a control group ( n = 8) showed no change in performance when tested ∼2 wk apart without SIT. We conclude that short sprint interval training (∼15 min of intense exercise over 2 wk) increased muscle oxidative potential and doubled endurance capacity during intense aerobic cycling in recreationally active individuals.

Compensatory muscle fiber hypertrophy in elderly men

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aniansson ◽  
G. Grimby ◽  
M. Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Elderly Men

Muscle strength and muscle morphology have been studied three times during a period of 11 yr in nine elderly men. On the last occasion the average age was 80.4 (range 79–82) yr. Body cell mass decreased by 6% and muscle strength for knee extension, measured by means of isometric and concentric isokinetic (30–60 degrees/s) recordings, declined by 25–35% over the 11-yr period. Between 76 and 80 yr of age only the isokinetic strength for 30 degrees/s decreased significantly. Muscle fiber composition in the vastus lateralis did not change between 69 and 76 yr of age, but there was a significant reduction in the proportion of type IIb fibers from 76 to 80 yr. The decrease in type II fiber areas was not significant between 69 and 76 yr of age (as in a larger sample from the same population), but a significant increase in both type I and type II fiber areas was recorded from 76 to 80 yr of age and biceps brachii showed similar tendencies. In the same period, the enzymatic activities of myokinase and lactate dehydrogenase subsided in the vastus lateralis, but there was no change for triose phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxy-CoA-dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase. The muscle fiber hypertrophy in this group of elderly men with maintained physical activity between 76 and 80 yr of age is interpreted as a compensatory adaptation for the loss of motor units. In addition, the adaptation with respect to oxidative capacities seems to be maintained at this age.

Rat diaphragm during postnatal development. I. Changes in distribution of muscle fibre type and in oxidative potential

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Fratacci ◽  
M Levame ◽  
A Rauss ◽  
H Bousbaa ◽  
G Atlan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Cross Sectional

The changes occurring in the histochemical characteristics of the rat diaphragm during the postnatal period were examined. Fibre-type distribution, fibre oxidative capacity, i.e. succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and cross-sectional area were compared in the costal (COS) and crural (CRU) regions, and across their abdominal and thoracic surfaces. The proportions of type I and IIb fibres in both COS and CRU increased with age, while the proportion of type IIa fibres progressively decreased. For COS, fibre distribution was homogeneous over the entire muscle and did not change after 4 weeks. For CRU, it was heterogeneous with a higher proportion of type I fibres on the thoracic surface as from the first week. All fibre types significantly increased in cross-sectional area between 1 and 8 weeks, with no significant differences in COS and CRU. Mean SDH activity did not differ between COS and CRU or across the muscles. Mean SDH activities-were low and identical in all fibre types at birth, and then increased, peaking at the 6th week in type I and IIa fibres. When total muscle fibre oxidative capacity was calculated from an index including fibre-type proportion, cross-sectional area and mean SDH activity, it was significantly higher at 1 than at 8 weeks after birth; this might have functional implications for the newborn.

Effect of short-term, high-intensity exercise training on human skeletal muscle citrate synthase maximal activity: single versus multiple bouts per session

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394
Author(s):  
Martin J. MacInnis ◽  
Lauren E. Skelly ◽  
F. Elizabeth Godkin ◽  
Brian J. Martin ◽  
Thomas R. Tripp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

The legs of 9 men (age 21 ± 2 years, 45 ± 4 mL/(kg·min)) were randomly assigned to complete 6 sessions of high-intensity exercise training, involving either one or four 5-min bouts of counterweighted, single-leg cycling. Needle biopsies from vastus lateralis revealed that citrate synthase maximal activity increased after training in the 4-bout group (p = 0.035) but not the 1-bout group (p = 0.10), with a significant difference between groups post-training (13%, p = 0.021). Novelty Short-term training using brief intense exercise requires multiple bouts per session to increase mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle.

Initial aerobic power does not alter muscle metabolic adaptations to short-term training

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. E39-E48 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Green ◽  
S. Grant ◽  
E. Bombardier ◽  
D. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Enzymatic Changes ◽  
Male Subjects

To investigate the hypothesis that training-induced increases in muscle mitochondrial potential are not obligatory to metabolic adaptations observed during submaximal exercise, regardless of peak aerobic power (V˙o 2 peak) of the subjects, a short-term training study was utilized. Two groups of untrained male subjects ( n = 7/group), one with a high (HI) and the other with a low (LO)V˙o 2 peak(means ± SE; 51.4 ± 0.90 vs. 41.0 ± 1.3 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1; P< 0.05), cycled for 2 h/day at 66–69% ofV˙o 2 peak for 6 days. Muscle tissue was extracted from vastus lateralis at 0, 3, and 30 min of standardized cycle exercise before training (0 days) and after 3 and 6 days of training and analyzed for metabolic and enzymatic changes. During exercise after 3 days of training in the combined HI + LO group, higher ( P < 0.05) concentrations (mmol/kg dry wt) of phosphocreatine (40.5 ± 3.4 vs. 52.2 ± 4.2) and lower ( P < 0.05) concentrations of Pi (61.5 ± 4.4 vs. 53.3 ± 4.4), inosine monophosphate (0.520 ± 0.19 vs. 0.151 ± 0.05), and lactate (37.9 ± 5.5 vs. 22.8 ± 4.8) were observed. These changes were also accompanied by reduced levels of calculated free ADP, AMP, and Pi. All adaptations were fully expressed by 3 min of exercise and by 3 days of training and were independent of initialV˙o 2 peak levels. Moreover, maximal activity of citrate synthase, a measure of mitochondrial capacity, was only increased with 6 days of training (5.71 ± 0.29 vs. 7.18 ± 0.37 mol ⋅ kg protein−1 ⋅ h−1; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that metabolic adaptations to prolonged exercise occur within the first 3 days of training and during the non-steady-state period. Moreover, neither time course nor magnitude of metabolic adaptations appears to depend on increases in mitochondrial potential or on initial aerobic power.

Muscle cellular properties in the ice hockey player: a model for investigating overtraining?

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Green ◽  
Aziz Batada ◽  
Bill Cole ◽  
Margaret E. Burnett ◽  
Helen Kollias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Wet Weight

In this study, we hypothesized that athletes involved in 5–6 months of sprint-type training would display higher levels of proteins and processes involved in muscle energy supply and utilization. Tissue was sampled from the vastus lateralis of 13 elite ice hockey players (peak oxygen consumption = 51.8 ± 1.3 mL·kg–1·min–1; mean ± standard error) at the end of a season (POST) and compared with samples from 8 controls (peak oxygen consumption = 45.5 ± 1.4 mL·kg–1·min–1) (CON). Compared with CON, higher activities were observed in POST (p < 0.05) only for succinic dehydrogenase (3.32 ± 0.16 mol·(mg protein)–1·min–1 vs. 4.10 ± 0.11 mol·(mg protein)–1·min–1) and hexokinase (0.73 ± 0.05 mol·(mg protein)–1·min–1 vs. 0.90 ± 0.05mol·(mg protein)–1·min–1) but not for phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, and creatine phosphokinase. No differences were found in Na+,K+-ATPase concentration (βmax: 262 ± 36 pmol·(g wet weight)–1 vs. 275 ± 27 pmol·(g wet weight)–1) and the maximal activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (98.1 ± 6.1 µmol·(g protein)–1·min–1 vs. 102 ± 3.3 µmol·(g protein)–1·min–1). Cross-sectional area was lower (p < 0.05) in POST but only for the type IIA fibres (6312 ± 684 μm2 vs. 5512 ± 335 μm2), while the number of capillary counts per fibre and the capillary to fibre area ratio were generally higher (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that elite trained ice hockey players display elevations only in support of glucose-based aerobic metabolism that occur in the absence of alterations in excitation–contraction processes.

Organization of metabolic pathways in vastus lateralis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. R935-R941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Green ◽  
Eric Bombardier ◽  
Margaret Burnett ◽  
Sobia Iqbal ◽  
Christine L. D'Arsigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Glucose Phosphorylation

The objective of this study was to determine whether patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) display differences in organization of the metabolic pathways and segments involved in energy supply compared with healthy control subjects. Metabolic pathway potential, based on the measurement of the maximal activity (Vmax) of representative enzymes, was assessed in tissue extracted from the vastus lateralis in seven patients with COPD (age 67 ± 4 yr; FEV1/FVC = 44 ± 3%, where FEV1 is forced expiratory volume in 1 s and FVC is forced vital capacity; means ± SE) and nine healthy age-matched controls (age 68 ± 2 yr; FEV1/FVC = 75 ± 2%). Compared with control, the COPD patients displayed lower ( P < 0.05) Vmax (mol·kg protein−1·h−1) for cytochrome c oxidase (COX; 21.2 ± 2.0 vs. 28.7 ± 2.2) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH; 2.54 ± 0.14 vs. 3.74 ± 0.12) but not citrate synthase (CS; 2.20 ± 0.16 vs. 3.19 ± 0.5). While no differences between groups were observed in Vmax for creatine phosphokinase, phosphorylase (PHOSPH), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase, hexokinase (HEX) was elevated in COPD ( P < 0.05). Enzyme activity ratios were higher ( P < 0.05) for HEX/CS, HEX/COX, PHOSPH/HADH and PFK/HADH in COPD compared with control. It is concluded that COPD patients exhibit a reduced potential for both the electron transport system and fat oxidation and an increased potential for glucose phosphorylation while the potential for glycogenolysis and glycolysis remains normal. A comparison of enzyme ratios indicated greater potentials for glucose phosphorylation relative to the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain and glycogenolysis and glycolysis relative to β-oxidation.

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