Rat diaphragm during postnatal development. I. Changes in distribution of muscle fibre type and in oxidative potential

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Fratacci ◽  
M Levame ◽  
A Rauss ◽  
H Bousbaa ◽  
G Atlan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Cross Sectional

The changes occurring in the histochemical characteristics of the rat diaphragm during the postnatal period were examined. Fibre-type distribution, fibre oxidative capacity, i.e. succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and cross-sectional area were compared in the costal (COS) and crural (CRU) regions, and across their abdominal and thoracic surfaces. The proportions of type I and IIb fibres in both COS and CRU increased with age, while the proportion of type IIa fibres progressively decreased. For COS, fibre distribution was homogeneous over the entire muscle and did not change after 4 weeks. For CRU, it was heterogeneous with a higher proportion of type I fibres on the thoracic surface as from the first week. All fibre types significantly increased in cross-sectional area between 1 and 8 weeks, with no significant differences in COS and CRU. Mean SDH activity did not differ between COS and CRU or across the muscles. Mean SDH activities-were low and identical in all fibre types at birth, and then increased, peaking at the 6th week in type I and IIa fibres. When total muscle fibre oxidative capacity was calculated from an index including fibre-type proportion, cross-sectional area and mean SDH activity, it was significantly higher at 1 than at 8 weeks after birth; this might have functional implications for the newborn.

Absence of regional differences in the size and oxidative capacity of diaphragm muscle fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
R. D. Sacks ◽  
C. E. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Twitch

The oxidative capacity and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers were compared between the costal and crural regions of the cat diaphragm and across the abdominal-thoracic extent of the muscle. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of individual fibers was quantified using a microphotometric procedure implemented on an image-processing system. In both costal and crural regions, population distributions of SDH activities were unimodal for both type I and II fibers. The continuous distribution of SDH activities for type II fibers indicated that no clear threshold exists for the subclassification of fibers based on differences in oxidative capacity (e.g., the classification of fast-twitch glycolytic and fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fiber types). No differences in either SDH activity or cross-sectional area were noted between fiber populations of the costal and crural regions. Differences in SDH activity and cross-sectional area were noted, however, between fiber populations located on the abdominal and thoracic sides of the costal region. Both type I and II fibers on the abdominal side of the costal diaphragm were larger and more oxidative than comparable fibers on the thoracic side.

scholarly journals Endurance training-induced increase in muscle oxidative capacity without loss of muscle mass in younger and older resistance-trained men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul William Hendrickse ◽  
Tomas Venckunas ◽  
Justinas Platkevicius ◽  
Ramutis Kairaitis ◽  
Sigitas Kamandulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile concurrent training is regularly used in older populations, the inverse relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity suggests that endurance training in resistance-trained individuals may result in some loss of resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass, which may be more pronounced in older people. We investigated the impact of superimposed endurance training in younger (28.5 ± 4.8 years; n = 8) and older (67.5 ± 5.5 years; n = 7) highly resistance-trained men. Participants underwent a 10-week endurance cycling training programme consisting of five 6-min intervals at 75% max heart rate (HRmax) separated by 4-min intervals at 90% HRmax. The anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the thigh muscles, as determined with MRI, was 24% smaller in older compared to younger participants (p < 0.001). Although maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was also lower in the older group (p < 0.001), VO2max per kg body mass did not differ significantly between younger and older participants. Histological analyses of biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis showed that endurance training induced an increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity in both younger and older participants (p ≤ 0.043), and an increase in the number of capillaries around type I fibres (p = 0.017). The superimposed endurance training did not induce a significant decrease in thigh ACSA, fibre cross-sectional area, or knee extensor maximum voluntary isometric force. These observations indicate that adding endurance training to resistance training can lead to positive endurance-related adaptations without negative consequences for muscle size and strength in older and younger resistance-trained people.

The effects of age at slaughter, genotype and finishing system on the biochemical properties, muscle fibre type characteristics and eating quality of bull beef from suckled calves

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
K. D. Sinclair ◽  
P. D. Warriss ◽  
C. M. Grant ◽  
A. D. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

AbstractMuscle fibre characteristics and biochemical properties of muscle recovered from young bulls of two genotypes (Aberdeen Angus × and Charolais ×), reared on two different diets (silage-based and barley-based) and slaughtered at varying ages between 10 and 19 months of age were established. These analyses were restricted to samples ofm. longissimus lumborum (LI) recovered at 48 h post mortem, vacuum packed and stored at 2°C for 14 days. Biochemical measurements included intramuscular fat content, intramuscular collagen content and its solubility, haem pigment concentration, sarcomere length and myofibril fragmentation. Muscle fibre type was classified according to the contractile nature of thefibres and their metabolic properties.Intramuscular fat content increased (P < 0·01) with age at slaughter and at a fixed age was greater for Angus × than Charolais × bulls (211·5 v. 295·8 mg/g dry matter, P < 0·01). Total intramuscular collagen and its solubility tended to decrease with age (P < 0·01). Differences in haem pigment concentration in samples of LI were detected between genotype (3·99 v. 3·59 mg/g for Angus × and Charolais × bulls; P × 0·01) and diet (3·97 v. 3·62 mg/g for bulls given barley and silage; P < 0·01), and increased with age at slaughter (P < 0·01). There was a significant increase in eye muscle cross-sectional area with increasing slaughter date (P < 0·01) and this was paralleled by an increase in cross-sectional area of individual muscle fibres (P < 0·001). Differences in cross-sectional area of individual muscle fibres between genotype and diet were small and inconsistent. Charolais × bulls had a greater percentage area of fast twitch glycolytic fibres than Angus × bulls (54·3 v. 49·3%; P < 0·01) and a smaller percentage area of slow twitch oxidative fibres (15·8 v. 18·9%; P < 0·05). Beef tenderness was positively correlated (r = 0·48; P < 0·01) with the frequency of slow twitch oxidative fibres and negatively correlated (r = -0·38; P < 0·05) with the frequency offast twitch glycolytic fibres.

scholarly journals Denervation effects on myonuclear domain size of rat diaphragm fibers

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi Aravamudan ◽  
Carlos B. Mantilla ◽  
Wen-Zhi Zhan ◽  
Gary C. Sieck
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Myonuclear Domain

Denervation (DNV) of rat diaphragm muscle (DIAm) leads to selective atrophy of type IIx and IIb fibers, whereas the cross-sectional area of type I and IIa fibers remains unchanged or slightly hypertrophied. DIAm DNV also increases satellite cell mitotic activity and myonuclear apoptosis. Similar to other skeletal muscles, DIAm fibers are multinucleated, and each myonucleus regulates the gene products in a finite fiber volume, i.e., myonuclear domain (MND). MND size varies across DIAm fiber types in rank order, I < IIa < IIx < IIb [fiber type based on myosin heavy chain isoform expression]. We hypothesized that, after DNV, the total number of myonuclei per fiber does not change and, accordingly, that MND changes proportionately to the change in fiber size regardless of fiber type. Adult rats underwent unilateral (right side) DIAm DNV, and after 2 wk single fibers were dissected. Fiber cross-sectional area, myonuclear number, and MND were measured by confocal microscopy, and these values in DNV DIAm were compared with those obtained in controls. After DNV, type I fibers hypertrophied, type IIa fiber size was unchanged, and type IIx and IIb fibers atrophied compared with control. The total number of myonuclei per fiber was not affected by DNV. Accordingly, after DNV, type I fiber MND increased by 25%, whereas it decreased in type IIx and IIb fibers by 50 and 70%, respectively. These results suggest that MND is not maintained after DNV-induced DIAm fiber hypertrophy or atrophy. These results are interpreted with respect to consequent effects of DNV on myonuclear transcriptional activity and protein turnover.

scholarly journals Composition and cross-sectional area of muscle fibre types in relation to daily gain and lean and fat content of carcass in Landrace and Yorkshire pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Ruusunen ◽  
Marja-Liisa Sevon-Aimonen ◽  
Eero Puolanne
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs

The muscle fibre-type properties of longissimus were compared between Landrace and Yorkshire breeds and between the sexes in an attempt to shed light on the relationship of these histochemical parameters to animal growth and carcass composition. Muscle fibres were classified into three groups, type I, type lIA and type 11B, using the myosin ATPase method. At a given live weight, the cross-sectional area of type I fibres (CSA1) was smaller (p

Diaphragm capillarity and oxidative capacity during postnatal development

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
T. S. Cheung ◽  
C. E. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Ii Fibers

In the cat diaphragm, fiber capillarity, cross-sectional area, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were measured across the first 6 wk of postnatal development. Fibers were classified as type I, IIa, IIb, or IIc on the basis of staining for myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase). Capillaries were identified in sections stained for ATPase at pH 4.2. Fiber cross-sectional areas and SDH activities were quantified using an image-processing system. During postnatal development, the proportions of type I fibers increased while type II fibers decreased. At birth, all type II fibers were IIc. From the 1st to the 2nd postnatal wk, the proportion of type IIc fibers decreased while the numbers of IIa and IIb increased. Thereafter the proportion of type IIb fibers continued to increase while the number of IIa steadily declined. At birth, capillarity, cross-sectional areas, and SDH activities of type I and II fibers were low compared with other postnatal age groups. Fiber cross-sectional areas increased progressively with age. The number of capillaries surrounding type I and II fibers increased markedly by the 2nd wk and then continued to increase at a slower rate. The number of capillaries per fiber area reached a peak by the 2nd wk and then declined as fiber cross-sectional area increased. Postnatal changes in capillarity depended on fiber type, being greatest in IIb. SDH activities of type I and II fibers were initially low during the first 2 postnatal wk and then peaked by the 3rd wk. After the 6th wk, fiber SDH activities decreased to adult values. Among the type II fibers, IIb showed the greatest change in SDH activity during early postnatal development.

SDH and actomyosin ATPase activities of different fiber types in rat diaphragm muscle

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
W. Z. Zhan ◽  
Y. S. Prakash ◽  
M. J. Daood ◽  
J. F. Watchko
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actomyosin Atpase

In the rat diaphragm muscle, the histochemical classification of type I, IIa, IIb, or IIx fibers was correlated with myosin heavy chain (MHC) immunoreactivity. Expression of MHC isoforms in single dissected fibers was also assessed electrophoretically. Most fibers (approximately 86%) expressed a single MHC isoform, and when present, coexpression of MHC-2X and MHC-2B isoforms was most prevalent. Type I and IIa fibers were the smallest, type IIb fibers were the largest, and type IIx fibers were intermediate. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and calcium-activated myosin adenosinetriphosphatase (actomyosin ATPase) activities were measured with quantitative histochemical procedures. Type I and IIa fibers had the highest SDH activities, followed in rank order by type IIx and IIb fibers. Type I fibers had the lowest actomyosin ATPase activity, followed in rank order by type IIa, IIx, and IIb fibers. Across all fibers, there was an inverse relationship between fiber SDH activity and cross-sectional area and a positive correlation between fiber actomyosin ATPase activity and cross-sectional area. The SDH and actomyosin ATPase activities of muscle fibers were also inversely correlated. These phenotypic differences in SDH and ATPase activities may be important in determining the contractile and fatigue properties of different fiber types in the rat diaphragm muscle.

Effect of aerobic exercise on muscle structure and expression of proteins promoting hypertrophy and metabolism in aged rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
W. Isobe ◽  
S. Murakami ◽  
T. Saito ◽  
S. Kumagai ◽  
M. Sakita
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fibre Type Composition ◽  
Muscle Structure

Aging and physical inactivity lead to histochemical changes in muscles. The expression of many muscle proteins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1a), declines with age. However, the effect of aerobic exercise on muscle structure and the expression profile of these proteins in elderly rats is unknown. Here, we investigated whether short-term aerobic exercise improves muscle structure and increases BDNF, SIRT1, and PGC-1a levels in aged rats. Ten male Wistar rats (95-week-old) were assigned to sedentary (SED) or exercise (Ex) groups. The Ex group performed running on a treadmill for 1 h, 6 times per week, for 2 weeks. The extensor digitorum longus muscles were removed to examine the muscle fibre type composition, cross-sectional area, and capillary-to-fibre (C/F) ratio. BDNF, SIRT1, and PGC-1a levels were evaluated by western blotting. Relative to the SED group, the Ex group showed increased proportion of Type I fibres (P<0.05), cross-sectional area of all muscle fibre types (P<0.05), succinate dehydrogenase activity (P<0.001), C/F ratio (P<0.05), and expression of BDNF, SIRT1, and PGC-1a (P<0.05).Thus, 2 weeks of aerobic exercise is sufficient to improve muscle histology and hypertrophic marker protein expression, indicating that it could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy in elderly rats.

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