Plasma active and acid-activatable renin during the development of one-kidney, one-clip and two-kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rabbit

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1375-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Noble ◽  
H. K. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Ear Artery ◽  
Laparotomy Group ◽  
Inactive Renin

Systolic blood pressure in the central ear artery of eight rabbits increased by 21 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.32 Pa) over 40 days following renal artery clipping and contralateral nephrectomy (one-kidney, one-clip). Plasma active and acid-activatable (pH 2.8) renin did not change significantly. Similar data were obtained from a group of 12 rabbits following renal artery clipping alone (two-kidney, one-clip) except that blood pressure in this group increased for 26 days but then declined until 40 days. Two animals with one-kidney, one-clip hypertension and three rabbits with two-kidney, one-clip hypertension had large increases in plasma active and inactive renin levels, which followed a more exaggerated rise in blood pressure than in the previous two groups. Forty days after unilateral renal artery clipping, the unclipped kidney was removed in 10 animals with two-kidney, one-clip hypertension. A further increase in blood pressure (+29%) occurred in seven of the animals but no change in plasma active or inactive renin. Results were compared with two groups of control animals, a unilateral nephrectomy group and a laparotomy group. None of the surgical procedures used produced a consistent pattern of change in the relative amounts of active and inactive renin in plasma. No marked changes in sodium, potassium, or water balance occurred in any group of animals.Key words: renovascular hypertension, renin, inactive renin, prorenin, rabbit.

Abstract P053: Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension Among U.S. Adults - Results From NHANES 2003-2008

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zefeng Zhang ◽  
Mary Cogswell ◽  
Cathleen Gillespie ◽  
Jing Fang ◽  
Shifan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Introduction: Evidence from randomized controlled trials demonstrates higher sodium and/or lower potassium intake increase blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. However, the relationship between sodium, potassium and blood pressure has not been examined using nationally representative sample and estimated usual intakes of these nutrients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that usual sodium and potassium intake have opposing effects on blood pressure and a higher sodium-to-potassium ratio is associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Methods: We analyzed data on 12,854 participants aged 20 years and older from the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We estimated the usual intakes of sodium and potassium from the diet accounting for measurement error. Mean blood pressure was calculated from up to three readings on each subject and hypertension included both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the associations between intakes of sodium, potassium and their ratio with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and logistic regression for associations with hypertension. Results: The average estimated usual intakes of sodium and potassium were 3465 and 2741 mg/d, respectively. The average sodium-to-potassium ratio was 1.39; higher ratios were observed among males, younger and non-Hispanic black participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, usual intakes of sodium, potassium and their ratio were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, with an increase of 1.08 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30 – 1.86) and a decrease of 1.47 mmHg (95% CI: -2.31, -0.63) for every 1000 mg/d increase in sodium and potassium intake, respectively, and an increase of 2.80 mmHg (95% CI: 0.90 - 4.70) for every unit increase in sodium-to-potassium ratio. No association was found for diastolic blood pressure. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of usual sodium or potassium intakes were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.14 - 2.34) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45 - 0.82), respectively, for risk of hypertension. For sodium-to-potassium ratio, the adjusted OR was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.89). The patterns of association were largely consistent across age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and education subgroups. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results indicated higher sodium and lower potassium intakes were associated with increased systolic blood pressure and risk for hypertension. The combined effect of sodium and potassium might play a central role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The results further confirm that reducing sodium and increasing potassium intakes concurrently may have important implications in the prevention of hypertension, and hence, of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Extended Renal Artery Denervation Is Associated with Artery Wall Lesions and Acute Systemic and Pulmonary Hemodynamic Changes: A Sham-Controlled Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aleksandr D. Vakhrushev ◽  
Heber Ivan Condori Leandro ◽  
Natalia S. Goncharova ◽  
Lev E. Korobchenko ◽  
Lubov B. Mitrofanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamic ◽  
Renal Artery Denervation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wall Lesions

Objectives. We sought to assess acute changes in systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics and microscopic artery lesions following extended renal artery denervation (RDN). Background. RDN has been proposed to reduce sympathetic nervous system hyperactivation. Although the effects of RDN on systemic circulation and overall sympathetic activity have been studied, data on the impact of RDN on pulmonary hemodynamics is lacking. Methods. The study comprised 13 normotensive Landrace pigs. After randomization, 7 animals were allocated to the group of bilateral RDN and 6 animals to the group of a sham procedure (SHAM). Hemodynamic measures, cannulation, and balloon-based occlusion of the renal arteries were performed in both groups. In the RDN group, radiofrequency ablation was performed in all available arteries and their segments. An autopsy study of the renal arteries was carried out in both groups. Results. The analysis was performed on 12 pigs (6 in either group) since pulmonary thromboembolism occurred in one case. A statistically significant drop in the mean diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was detected in the RDN group when compared with the SHAM group (change by 13.0 ± 4.4 and 10.0 ± 3.0   mmHg , correspondingly; P = 0.04 ). In 5 out of 6 pigs in the RDN group, a significant decrease in systemic systolic blood pressure was found, when compared with baseline ( 98.8 ± 17.8 vs. 90.2 ± 12.6   mmHg , P = 0.04 ), and a lower mean pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ( 291.0 ± 77.4 vs. 228.5 ± 63.8   dyn ∗ sec ∗ c m − 5 , P = 0.03 ) after ablation was found. Artery dissections were found in both groups, with prevalence in animals after RDN. Conclusions. Extensive RDN leads to a rapid and significant decrease in PAP. In the majority of cases, RDN is associated with an acute lowering of systolic blood pressure and PVR. Extended RDN is associated with artery wall lesions and thrombus formation underdiagnosed by angiography.

Blood Pressure and Casual Urine Electrolytes in 93 London Factory Workers

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Tee Khaw
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Urine Electrolytes

1. A survey of blood pressure in 93 male London factory workers found a significant correlation between individual systolic blood pressure and sodium/creatinine and sodium/potassium ratios estimated from casual urine samples. 2. Casual urine samples may have value in assessing the dynamic relationship between blood pressure and electrolytes.

EFFECT OF ALDOSTERONE IN A CASE OF HYPOALDOSTERONISM

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt Hökfelt ◽  
Bengt Skanse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Original Diagnosis ◽  
Body Weight Increase

ABSTRACT A patient previously described by the present authors as having selective hypoaldosteronism has been studied more extensively with special reference to the effect of aldosterone. Additional evidence has also been obtained in support of the original diagnosis of selective hypoaldosteronism. With the patient on a constant sodium intake, aldosterone intramuscularly or intravenously in a dose of 500 to 1000 μg a day was followed by retention of sodium and chloride, gain in body weight, increase in systolic blood pressure, and a rise in the serum sodium. Potassium excretion was increased throughout the period of aldosterone administration. The serum potassium showed a slight decrease. Similar effects were noted on administration of fluorohydrocortisone.

Arterial water, cations, and norepinephrine in early and late renovascular hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Constantopoulos ◽  
M Kusumoto ◽  
JM Rojo-Ortega ◽  
P Granger ◽  
R Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Myocardial Tissue ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Norepinephrine Content ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

In dogs made hypertensive renal artery stenosis and contralateral nephrectomy, the arterial and myocardial tissue content of water, cations (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium), and norepinephrine was measured 20 and 60 days after the operation. Hypertensive animals autopsied at the earlier stage of hypertension had significantly lower (-25 to-50%, P smaller than 0.01) arterial norepinephrine than either the sham or nonhypertensive animals. The water and cation content of arteries was unchanged, but aortic tissue contained significantly more water, sodium, potassium, and magnesium than the nonhypertensives. Hypertensives autopsied at 60 days also had lower arterial norepinephrine content than sham and nonhypertensive animals, but this refuction was not significant. Their arterial and aortic tissue contained more water and cations than the nonhypertensive, sham, unoperated, and unilaterally nephrectomized dogs. It is suggested that in the initial stage of renovascular hypertension the arterial norepinephrine content is reduced significantly, whereas at a later stage the arterial water and cations may be involved in the maintenance of an elevated blood pressure.

Artemisia restores systolic blood pressure, attenuates serum sodium/potassium levels and prevents cardiac oxidative stress in hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M.M. Koriem ◽  
Hend N. Saleh ◽  
Marwa A. El-Attar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum sodium/potassium levels and cardiac antioxidants after Artemisia herba-alba oral administration in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Design/methodology/approach Hypertension is a silent killer disease. The SHR model was used in this study due to the similarity of high blood pressure in human and rat. The SBP, serum sodium and potassium, urinary sodium and potassium, cardiac antioxidants and heart histology were examined in SHR after oral administration with 10 and 20% of the LD50 of Artemisia herba-alba during four weeks. Findings The LD50 of Artemisia herba-alba was found to be 1000 mg/kg. Doses of 100 mg/kg (10% LD50) and 200 mg/kg (20% LD50) were considered in the present study. The oral administration of SHR rats with Artemisia extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg decreased (p < 0.01) the body weights, SBP and serum sodium and potassium. Meanwhile, cardiac superoxide dismutase and gluthatione peroxidase were increased in SHR-treated rats. Histology of SHR cardiac tissues showed tissue degenerative but oral intake of 100 and 200 mg/kg artemisia exhibited normal muscle fibers, acidophilic cytoplasm and central nuclei. Originality/value The cardiovascular diseases are the first reason for high death rate in Western countries and collapsing economies due to hypertensive patients suffering high health-care costs. The advantage of hypertension Herba l treatment occurred due to its cheap and available source. Artemisia herba-alba leaves restored SBP, attenuated serum sodium/potassium levels and prevented cardiac oxidative stress in SHR.

Abstract 506: Should Endovascular Therapy for Renal Artery Stenosis Make a Come Back

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M Ansari ◽  
Daniel Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Apparent Lack

Introduction: Guidelines recommend endovascular therapy (EVT) for severe (>75% on angiography) renal artery stenosis (RAS). We sought to determine whether the populations studied could have influenced the lack of benefit of EVT in RAS. Method: Pub Med, Cochrane and EMBASE were systematically reviewed until November 2015 for all RCTs comparing EVT to medical therapy (MT) for RAS. Primary outcomes: systolic blood pressure and anti-hypertensive medication reduction. Secondary outcomes: worsening renal function, morbidity, mortality, heart failure, and stroke. We used random effect analysis according to the Cochrane-Handbook of Systematic Reviews and RevMan 5.2 for statistical analysis. Results: Seven RCTs with 2126 patients were included: 1036 EVT and 1085 MT. 35-65% of patients did not have severe RAS. There was no difference in change of systolic blood pressure (0.45±1.85, p=0.64). There was a significant decrease in the mean amount of anti-hypertensive medication in the EVT group (0.24±0.12, p<0.001). There were no differences in worsening of renal function, morbidity and mortality, heart failure and stroke (Fig 1). Discussion: Our analysis suggests that the apparent lack of added benefit of EVT for RAS could be largely secondary to selection bias, given the percentage of patients with mild to moderate RAS that were included and treated. Based on available data, trials studying EVT for severe RAS are warranted and should be designed to only include the appropriate patients. These well-designed studies are ultimately likely to “awaken the force”.

Collagen IV, a promising serum biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of revascularization in a 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Li ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Yongquan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Serum Collagen ◽  
Masson Staining

Abstract OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of serum collagen IV and its value for evaluating the prognosis of revascularization in a 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rat model. METHODS A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into a control group and 3-, 10- and 20-day (D) groups (namely, the ischaemic time for 3, 10 and 20 days, respectively). The systolic blood pressure and laboratory values such as serum creatinine and collagen IV levels were measured before and after clipping the renal artery. Histological Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining of collagen IV were conducted in a kidney specimen from each group to assess the severity of renal fibrosis and the level of collagen IV expression. RESULTS After clipping, systolic blood pressure in the 3D, 10D and 20D groups increased significantly from 108 ± 8 to 126 ± 7 and from 153 ± 8 to 157 ± 6 mmHg, respectively (10D vs 20D group, P = 0.224; between other groups, P &lt; 0.001). The expression of serum creatinine in the 3D, 10D and 20D groups increased significantly from 35.39 ± 5.64 to 57.53 ± 7.05, 101.86 ± 8.94 and 119.76 ± 9.37 mmol/l, respectively (between each group: P &lt; 0.001). Serum collagen IV levels in the 10D and 20D groups increased significantly from 38.5 ± 10.4 to 60.8 ± 15.0 and 87.3 ± 11.5 ng/ml, respectively (control vs 3D group, P = 0.718; between other groups, P &lt; 0.001). The Masson staining indicated that sclerotic changes in the glomeruli of the 10D and 20D groups significantly increased from 2.20 ± 1.03 to 15.20 ± 5.03 and 28.20 ± 7.07%, respectively (control vs 3D group, P = 0.175; between other groups, P &lt; 0.001). The grade of tubulointerstitial damage in the 3D, 10D and 20D groups increased significantly from 0.30 ± 0.48 to 1.90 ± 0.74, 1.80 ± 0.79 and 3.20 ± 0.79, respectively (3D vs 10D group, P = 0.755; between other groups, P &lt; 0.001). The semi-quantification from immunohistochemical staining indicated that the percentage of collagen IV positive areas in the 3D, 10D and 20D groups increased significantly from 3.50 ± 1.58 to 8.60 ± 2.11, 16.60 ± 8.55 and 23.10 ± 6.15, respectively (control vs 3D group, P = 0.043; 3D vs 10D group, P = 0.002; 10D vs 20D group, P = 0.011; between other groups, P &lt; 0.001). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.783 (P = 0.008; 95% confidence interval 0.634–0.932). There were positive associations of serum collagen IV levels with systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine and collagen IV quantification in kidney with correlation coefficients of 0.665, 0.775 and 0.628, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS As the clear ischaemia time–response relationship identified in our study indicates, the increase in serum collagen IV levels may be a satisfactory biomarker to indicate a poor prognosis of renal artery revascularization in a 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rat model. However, it is perhaps not a good early biomarker for the early detection of renovascular hypertension.

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