The use of antimicrobial drugs in agriculture

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1044-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Black
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Microbial Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Residue Levels

Antibacterial drugs have been used widely in animal production for treatment and prevention of disease and for growth promotion. Concern has been expressed about possible harm to humans, through the use of drugs, in the following ways: (1) increased microbial drug resistance; (2) drug residues in food; (3) allergic reactions and sensitization to antimicrobials; and (4) drug toxicity. Research has shown that microbial resistance in people can develop from drugs used in animals. Farmers, butchers, etc., have been shown to have an increased incidence of drug-resistant organisms. Resistance to antibiotics can develop in two ways; genetic mutation and natural selection, and through R-factor plasmid transfer. Allergic reactions have been reported following the ingestion of penicillin-containing milk; however, residues in other foods have not caused allergic reactions. Sensitization of humans to antimicrobials through the consumption of drug residues in foods has never been documented. Evidence suggests that the residue levels in food are too low to cause sensitization. Drug toxicity, other than allergic reactions, appears not to result from residues of antimicrobial drugs in food. While it has been studied many times, monitoring programs have failed to find any evidence of a problem. This appears to reflect the low toxicity of these agents and the small amounts obtained in the food, however, it could also reflect failure of the monitoring systems.

Airborne Alt a 1 Dynamic and Its Relationship With the Airborne Dynamics of Alternaria Conidia and Pleosporales Spores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción De Linares ◽  
David Navarro ◽  
Rut Puigdemunt ◽  
Jordina Belmonte
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Service ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Aerobiological Monitoring ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
First Time ◽  
Prevention Of Allergy ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Fungal spores are universal atmospheric components associated to allergic reactions. Alternaria (Ascomycota) is considered the most allergenic spore taxa. Alt a 1 is the major allergen of Alternaria and is present also in other Pleosporales. In this study, standard Hirst-based sampling and analyzing methods for measuring spore daily concentrations of Alternaria, Curvularia, Drechslera-Helminthosporium, Epicoccum, Leptosphaeria, Pithomyces, Pleospora and Stemphyllium (all included in the taxon Pleosporales) have been used besides two high-volume samplers, Burkard Cyclone (2017) and MCV CAV-A/mb (2019-2020), and ELISA Kits for measuring the allergen. The detection and quantification of Alt a 1 was only possible in the samples from the MCV sampler. Although Alt a 1 was better correlated with Alternaria spores than with Pleosporales spores, the three of them showed high correlations. It is shown, for the first time, a high and significant correlation of Alt a 1 with temperature, a negative one with relative humidity and no correlation with precipitation. The aerobiological monitoring of these three elements ensures the best information for understanding the affectation to allergy sufferers but, if not possible, as a minimum public health service aiming at the detection, treatment and prevention of allergy, the study of the airborne Alternaria spores should be ensured.

Low-toxicity complexes with nitrogen-containing ligands as promising new agents for treatment and prevention of free radical states

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (13) ◽  
pp. 2701-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Shugalei ◽  
M. A. Ilyushin ◽  
V. V. Sokolova ◽  
N. P. Dubyago ◽  
I. V. Bachurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Low Toxicity

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTICS IN DENTISTRY (Overview)

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Taras Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Patients At Risk

The article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on the use of antibiotics in dentistry. The main purpose of the study is to analyze various clinical situations that require the use of antimicrobial drugs. The research method was based on the study of scientific articles published in the period from 2005 to 2019 and indexed in Ukraine and international databases, as well as a comparison of different recommendations for the appointment of antibiotics in dentistry, published in developed countries. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of prevention and treatment of purulent-inflammatory infections in dentistry has shown that antibiotics used in different countries around the world, converge on the rational and reasonable use of antimicrobial drugs. The vast majority of researchers believe that antibiotics should be used only in recommended situations for patients at risk of developing purulent-inflammatory infections after dental procedures. However, the question of the rational use of both prevention and empirical treatment of infections with antibiotics in dentistry remains unresolved. This is primarily due to the constant change in biological properties, including resistance to antibiotics of pathogens of purulent-inflammatory infections of the oral cavity. Only a few studies are devoted to this topic, and there are no modern data in the available literature. In Ukraine, there are no officially approved recommendations for the use of antibiotics in dentistry. There is also no state-level epidemiological surveillance for resistance to infectious agents, including the oral cavity. In addition, the question of the effectiveness of the use of antibiotics in dentistry has not been studied. Additional research is needed to study the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in health care facilities, including in outpatient settings and the use of antibiotics by dentists, which, according to some international guidelines, seem widespread and not limited to situations that described in the guidelines of associations of dentists in developed countries. Therefore, dentists should be careful in the use of antibiotics, both for the treatment and prevention of infections, and prescribe antibiotics only if recommended by guidelines based on the results of evidence-based medicine, as well as effectively and safely.

scholarly journals STUDY OF VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Victor Victor Campos de Albuquerque ◽  
Vicente Clinton Justiniano Flores ◽  
Rubens Moura Campos Zeron ◽  
Bruno Bastos Godoi ◽  
Walberto Monteiro Neiva Eulálio Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Microbial Drug Resistance ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Vana Gene ◽  
First Case ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) infections with Vancomycin resistance in hospital complexes are a concern, a significant increase in the number of these occurrences is observed since it is one of the last available antibiotic therapy routes available for the treatment of infectious processes bacterium. Thus, this work aims to present the main mechanism of resistance induction of S. aureus to Vancomycin. The research used the databases Medline, Scielo, the electronic site of the Google Scholar databases as well as specialized magazines in the area. Thus, the selected articles showed that in the late 1950s almost half of S. aureus strains were resistant to penicillin, and in the 1970s the first cases of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) appeared; and thus, Vancomycin became employed in such cases. In 1996, the first case of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA) was found. In 2002, the first case of Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) occurred, the latter being the only known to have the VanA gene until then. It was soon discovered that the emergence of this resistance occurred from the transfer of a plasmid with the transposon of the vancomycin resistant vanA, Tn1546 vancomycin (VRE) gene to an MRSA, which already had a plasmid for resistance to gentamicin and production of beta-lactamase. This new plasmid was disseminated to other S. aureus and thus disseminating a new resistance. Thus, the conclusion is that the cycle repeats itself and previously sensitive bacteria become resistant; thus, in this rhythm of emergence of bacterial resistance against antibiotic therapy is worrying, there will be a moment when there will be no antibiotic capable of acting in the fight against bacteria. This shows the need to understand the mechanism of resistance, the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs and the prevention of the spread of resistant microbes.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin, microbial drug resistance, vancomycin resistance.

scholarly journals Biological activities of basil essential oil: a review of the current evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e363101220409
Author(s):  
Mayara Zagoto ◽  
Gabriel Fernando Esteves Cardia ◽  
Edvalkia Magna Teobaldo da Rocha ◽  
Kathia Socorro Mathias Mourão ◽  
Vanderly Janeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

Currently, natural products are being used as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment and prevention of several diseases due to their low toxicity and relevant pharmacological potential. Thus, we can highlight basil (Ocimum basilicum L), one of the most used aromatic plants worldwide. Therefore, we provide some current evidence and insight into the potential therapeutic effect of basil essential oil to expand the available knowledge. A narrative review was carried out by searching electronic databases, providing a comprehensive analysis of the literature, where it was possible to identify existing problems and gaps to facilitate future research on basil essential oil. The available literature on basil essential oil presents us with several important pharmacological activities, such as: antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic and diuretic properties, among others. However, further research must be carried out to increase knowledge about this plant with enormous potential and determine its effectiveness and use in clinical conditions.

scholarly journals A Case of a Child With Several Anaphylactic Reactions to Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1985528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Podlecka ◽  
Joanna Jerzynska ◽  
Kamila Malewska-Kaczmarek ◽  
Iwona Stelmach
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Type B ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Dose Dependent

Adverse drug reaction is defined as any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug that occurs at doses used for treatment, prevention, or diagnoses. Most of these reactions are classified as type A reactions, which by definition are predictable, common, dose-dependent, and caused by known pharmacological actions of the drug, drug toxicity, and side effects. Allergic reactions are qualified as type B reactions independent of dose, affecting a small population, suggesting that individual patient host factors are important. In pediatric population, β-lactam antibiotics are the most common reason for adverse drug reactions, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this article, we report the case of a child with several anaphylactic reactions to several drugs, including cefuroxime, amoxicillin/clavulanate, clarithromycin, ibuprofen, and budesonide, in a context of suspected Helicobacter pylori infection.

scholarly journals An integrative machine learning approach for prediction of toxicity-related drug safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. e201800098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Lysenko ◽  
Alok Sharma ◽  
Keith A Boroevich ◽  
Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Related Drug ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Toxic Drugs ◽  
Target Sets

Recent trends in drug development have been marked by diminishing returns caused by the escalating costs and falling rates of new drug approval. Unacceptable drug toxicity is a substantial cause of drug failure during clinical trials and the leading cause of drug withdraws after release to the market. Computational methods capable of predicting these failures can reduce the waste of resources and time devoted to the investigation of compounds that ultimately fail. We propose an original machine learning method that leverages identity of drug targets and off-targets, functional impact score computed from Gene Ontology annotations, and biological network data to predict drug toxicity. We demonstrate that our method (TargeTox) can distinguish potentially idiosyncratically toxic drugs from safe drugs and is also suitable for speculative evaluation of different target sets to support the design of optimal low-toxicity combinations.

scholarly journals Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients of oncological hospital: cultivation of anaerobic intestinal flora and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
M. G. Shvydkaya ◽  
D. T. Dzhandarova ◽  
S. D. Mitrokhin
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
First Line ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Pure Bacterial Culture ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

In recent years, the number of infectious diseases caused by Clostridium difficile in the world has grown with a significant increase in relapses and mortality in patients, particularly among the cancer patients in hospitals. There is also observed an increase in the resistance of Clostridium difficile to the first-line drugs, namely metronidazole and vancomycin, which makes the search for new methods of treatment and prevention of this infection even more urgent. In this review, we analyze the recent data on the methods of cultivation and isolation of the pure bacterial culture of Clostridium difficile and other anaerobic enteropathogens over the course of enterocolitis treatment with antimicrobial drugs in pediatric patients with oncopathology. Novel approaches to the therapy of this infection are discussed. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document