Succinic dehydrogenase activity of forelimb and hindlimb muscles of the dystrophic mouse

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Parry ◽  
G. Desypris
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Dystrophic Mice

The activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) was determined in muscles of normal and dystrophic mice. In contradistinction to reports based solely upon histochemical examination, we were unable to observe increased activity in fast-twitch muscles of dystrophic mice. Because dystrophic muscles contain large amounts of connective tissue, two reference bases for expression of enzyme activity were compared. SDH activity was expressed either per micromole of creatine or per milligram of "true muscle fibre weight." The latter was obtained by determining the proportion of the whole muscle occupied by muscle fibres using an image analyzer with photographs of muscle cross section. It appears that the use of creatine content as an index of muscle mass may not be valid for pathological tissue, as the concentration of creatine in some dystrophic muscles differed from that of control muscles. Hindlimb muscles of dystrophic mice exhibit continuous spontaneous activity. To determine the effects of this on oxidative enzyme activity two fast-twitch muscles from the forelimb were also examined. Although they showed histochemical changes comparable to those seen in hindlimb muscles, there was no increase in SDH activity. The only dystrophic muscle examined which showed a change in SDH activity was the soleus in which a decrease was observed.

Loss of α-actinin-3 confers protection from eccentric contraction damage in fast-twitch EDL muscles from aged mdx dystrophic mice by reducing pathological fibre branching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonit Kiriaev ◽  
Peter J. Houweling ◽  
Kathryn N. North ◽  
Stewart I. Head
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Reduction In Force ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽  
Dystrophic Mice

ABSTRACTThe common null polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene is present in over 1.5 billion people worldwide and results in the absence of the protein α-actinin-3 from the Z-discs of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres. We have previously reported that this polymorphism is a modifier of dystrophin deficient Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. To investigate the mechanism underlying this we use a double knockout (dk)Actn3KO/mdx (dKO) mouse model which lacks both dystrophin and sarcomere α-actinin-3. We used dKO mice and mdx dystrophic mice at 12 months (aged) to investigate the correlation between morphological changes to the fast-twitch dKO EDL and the reduction in force deficit produced by an in vitro eccentric contraction protocol. In the aged dKO mouse we found a marked reduction in fibre branching complexity that correlated with protection from eccentric contraction induced force deficit. Complex branches in the aged dKO EDL fibres (28%) were substantially reduced compared to aged mdx EDL fibres (68%) and this correlates with a graded force loss over three eccentric contractions for dKO muscles (∼35% after first contraction, ∼66% overall) compared to an abrupt drop in mdx upon the first eccentric contraction (∼73% after first contraction, ∼89% after three contractions). In dKO protection from eccentric contraction damage was linked with a doubling of SERCA1 pump density the EDL. We propose that the increased oxidative metabolism of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres characteristic of the null polymorphism (R577X) and increase in SR Ca2+ pump proteins reduces muscle fibre branching and decreases susceptibility to eccentric injury in the dystrophinopathies.

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Sex on Histomorphometrical Characteristics of Two Muscles of Laticauda Lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Ettore Varricchio ◽  
Maria Rosa Di Prisco ◽  
Tommaso Stasi ◽  
Antonio Crasto
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Type Area ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch

The aim of the present experiment was to determine the effect of sex and age on histochemical and morphometric characteristics of muscle fibres (myocytes) in lambs born by single, twin, triplet and quadruplet birth. Thirty lambs were slaughtered at 60 days of age; thirty were weaned at 60 days and fed until 120 days with flakes (60%) and food supplements, and then slaughtered. Muscle tissues were obtained from two muscles, namely m. semitendinosus and m. longissimus dorsi of all lambs. For each fibre type, area perimeter and diameter (maximum and minimum) were measured and slow-twitch oxidative fibres, fast-twitch glycolytic fibres, fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres were histochemically differentiated. The muscles were stained for myosin ATPase, and succinic dehydrogenase. At 60 days, females had fibres larger than males, whereas the opposite was observed at 120 days. Besides, at 60 days, the lambs born by single birth had fibres larger than those born by multiple birth, whereas the opposite was observed at 120 days. Single lambs were heavier than twin lambs and multiple lambs. Fast-twitch glycolytic fibres had the largest size, followed by slow-twitch oxidative and fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibres. The dimensions of fibre types in m. longissimus dorsi were larger than in m. semitendinosus (P < 0.001).These muscle fibre characteristics are thought to be important factors influencing meat quality, which is often related to metabolic and contractile properties as determined by the muscle fibre type distribution.

scholarly journals New Insights into Muscle Fibre Types in Casertana Pig

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Claudia Vitale ◽  
Tommaso Stasi ◽  
Antonio Crasto
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Fibre Type Composition ◽  
Giant Fibres ◽  
Fast Twitch

Little is known about the Casertana pig. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex on histochemical and morphometrical characteristics of muscle fibres (myocytes) in this pure breed and to verify the presence of giant fibres as well as vascularity of the muscle. Finally, maximum shortening velocity and isometric tension were measured in single muscle fibres. Sixteen Casertana pigs (8 males, 8 females) from a farm in Campania (Italy) were slaughtered at one year of age. Muscle tissues were obtained from psoas minor, rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi. Myofibres were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and α-amylase-periodic acid schiff. For all fibre types, the area and perimeter were measured. Slowtwitch oxidative fibres, fast-twitch glycolytic fibres and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres were histochemically differentiated; an image-analyzing system was used. The results showed significant differences between the sexes in the size of all three fibre types. The psoas minor muscle had a high percentage of slow-twitch oxidative fibres and contained more capillaries per fibre and per mm2 than rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi, in which fast-twitch glycolytic fibres dominated. The cross-sectional area of all fibre types was larger in longissimus dorsi than in rhomboideus and psoas minor muscles; the giant fibres were present in the longissimus dorsi muscle only. Besides, isometric tension values were higher in fast-twitch glycolytic fibres than in the other ones. Variations in fibre type composition may contribute to meat quality.

Histochemical properties of locomotory muscles of European hares and cottontail rabbits

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2157-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Schnurr ◽  
V. G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Locomotor Muscles ◽  
Transverse Area ◽  
Lepus Capensis ◽  
Fast Twitch

European hares (Lepus capensis) and cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) represent near extremes in the locomotory pattern encountered among leporids. Animals of both species were collected and four major hindlimb locomotor muscles were examined histochemically for succinic dehydrogenase and myosin adenosine triphosphatase activities. Muscle fibres were classified as fast-twitch glycolytic, fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic, or slow-twitch oxidative, and the percent composition and transverse area of the fibre types were obtained. Hare muscles had a much greater oxidative capacity than cottontail muscles as shown by 32–55% more fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibres than cottontail muscles. This correlates with the capacity of hares for high-speed endurance running and their inhabiting open, expansive environments. Cottontail muscles had a large proportion (45–54%) of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres of large transverse area resulting in the muscles being composed primarily of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres. This reflects the capacity of rabbits for quick bursts of activity and this type of locomotor pattern may restrict cottontails to densely covered deciduous habitats.

scholarly journals Metabolic heterogeneity of muscle fibres

1985 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pette
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Fast Twitch

Mammalian skeletal muscle is an extremely heterogeneous tissue. Its diversity results from a spectrum of fibres which are metabolically suited to a wide range of functional demands. As judged from enzyme activity analyses of single fibres, the metabolic properties of fibres belonging to the same motor unit are similar or identical. It is likely, therefore, that the phenotype expression of muscle fibres is primarily under neural control. Differences in recruitment patterns of various motor units explain the wide range of metabolic properties as evidenced by pronounced variations in enzyme activities and enzyme activity ratios. There exist large overlaps between the activity spectra of various enzymes of anaerobic and aerobic metabolism in slow- and fast-twitch fibres. Nevertheless, these two major fibre classes can be distinguished by discriminative enzyme activity ratios (e.g. phosphofructokinase/malate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase/phosphofructokinase). Moreover, slow-twitch fibres display an H-type isozyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase, whereas fast-twitch fibres are characterized by a predominance of LDH-5. No clear-cut differences exist between enzyme activity profiles and LDH isozyme patterns of the IIA and IIB subgroups of fast-twitch fibres. Comparative studies indicate that the metabolic properties of IIA and IIB fibres vary in different animal species. This observation supports the notion that metabolic and myosin-related properties of muscle fibres may be regulated independently. Due to relatively high turnover rates of enzymes of energy metabolism in muscle, changes in functional demands may be met by relatively rapid changes in metabolic properties. In view of these findings it is not surprising that muscle fibres display a spectrum of metabolic properties and represent stages within a dynamic equilibrium.

scholarly journals SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE IN PIGEON PECTORALIS DURING DISUSE ATROPHY

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. CHERIAN ◽  
N. V. VALLYATHAN ◽  
J. C. GEORGE
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
General Level ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Muscle Enzyme ◽  
Mitochondrial Number ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Muscle Enzyme Activity

Quantitative and histochemical changes in succinic dehydrogenase activity in pigeon breast muscle was studied during one to sixty days of disuse after immobilization of the wings. Muscle enzyme activity was found to decrease from the first day, reaching its lowest level after seven days. Histochemical observations on red and white muscle fibers showed that after seven days atrophy, the majority of red fibers had lower enzyme activity; a few others showed higher activity. In white fibers on the other hand, a uniform increase over normal in enzyme activity and mitochondrial number was seen. These changes in the two types of fibers were less conspicuous during the later stages of atrophy. Thus the general level of oxidative metabolism in muscle as a whole was lowered in spite of the slight increase in level of SDH in white fibers. It is suggested that in both red and white fibers there was a shift, of aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, or vice versa.

Guinea pig soleus and gastrocnemius electromyograms at varying speeds, grades, and loads

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Gardiner ◽  
P. F. Gardiner ◽  
V. R. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Burst Duration ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Grade Increase ◽  
Emg Electrodes

The purpose of the study was to describe changes that occur in the usage of fast-twitch and slow-twitch guinea pig hindlimb muscles, as estimated using chronically implanted electromyogram (EMG) electrodes, during voluntary locomotion under various conditions. Guinea pigs, in which fine wire electrodes were implanted in soleus (SOL) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles, were exercised at various speeds (13.4, 26.8, 40.2 m/min), grades (0–30%) and in some conditions loads (50–150 g) on a motor-driven treadmill. Bipolar EMG signals were rectified-averaged (RA-EMG) and analyzed for burst duration, amplitude, and the integral of each burst (IEMG). For each condition and muscle, total IEMG/min (IEMG/step x steps/min) was calculated and expressed as a percent of the maximum IEMG recorded. With increasing speed at 0% grade, the ratio of LG to SOL IEMG, each expressed as percent of maximum, remained constant at about 0.82. An increased stepping rate of 150 (at 13.4 m/min) to 225 (at 40.2 m/min) steps/min was accompanied by a 37% decrease in burst duration in LG and SOL. When the treadmill belt speed was increased from 13.4 to 4.02 m/min at 30% grade, the LG/SOL ratio increased from 0.83 to 1.03, whereas burst duration decreased by 49% (SOL) and 51% (LG). Soleus IEMG did not change significantly with increases in speed or grade; LG IEMG increased significantly with speed at 10% grade and with grade increase at the highest speed (40.2 m/min). These data provide some insight into how modifications of work load on a treadmill affect overall muscle activity and may assist in the interpretation of training-induced muscle biochemical alterations previously noted by other investigators.

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