Histochemical properties of locomotory muscles of European hares and cottontail rabbits

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2157-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Schnurr ◽  
V. G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Locomotor Muscles ◽  
Transverse Area ◽  
Lepus Capensis ◽  
Fast Twitch

European hares (Lepus capensis) and cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) represent near extremes in the locomotory pattern encountered among leporids. Animals of both species were collected and four major hindlimb locomotor muscles were examined histochemically for succinic dehydrogenase and myosin adenosine triphosphatase activities. Muscle fibres were classified as fast-twitch glycolytic, fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic, or slow-twitch oxidative, and the percent composition and transverse area of the fibre types were obtained. Hare muscles had a much greater oxidative capacity than cottontail muscles as shown by 32–55% more fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibres than cottontail muscles. This correlates with the capacity of hares for high-speed endurance running and their inhabiting open, expansive environments. Cottontail muscles had a large proportion (45–54%) of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres of large transverse area resulting in the muscles being composed primarily of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres. This reflects the capacity of rabbits for quick bursts of activity and this type of locomotor pattern may restrict cottontails to densely covered deciduous habitats.

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Sex on Histomorphometrical Characteristics of Two Muscles of Laticauda Lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Ettore Varricchio ◽  
Maria Rosa Di Prisco ◽  
Tommaso Stasi ◽  
Antonio Crasto
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Type Area ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch

The aim of the present experiment was to determine the effect of sex and age on histochemical and morphometric characteristics of muscle fibres (myocytes) in lambs born by single, twin, triplet and quadruplet birth. Thirty lambs were slaughtered at 60 days of age; thirty were weaned at 60 days and fed until 120 days with flakes (60%) and food supplements, and then slaughtered. Muscle tissues were obtained from two muscles, namely m. semitendinosus and m. longissimus dorsi of all lambs. For each fibre type, area perimeter and diameter (maximum and minimum) were measured and slow-twitch oxidative fibres, fast-twitch glycolytic fibres, fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres were histochemically differentiated. The muscles were stained for myosin ATPase, and succinic dehydrogenase. At 60 days, females had fibres larger than males, whereas the opposite was observed at 120 days. Besides, at 60 days, the lambs born by single birth had fibres larger than those born by multiple birth, whereas the opposite was observed at 120 days. Single lambs were heavier than twin lambs and multiple lambs. Fast-twitch glycolytic fibres had the largest size, followed by slow-twitch oxidative and fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibres. The dimensions of fibre types in m. longissimus dorsi were larger than in m. semitendinosus (P < 0.001).These muscle fibre characteristics are thought to be important factors influencing meat quality, which is often related to metabolic and contractile properties as determined by the muscle fibre type distribution.

Succinic dehydrogenase activity of forelimb and hindlimb muscles of the dystrophic mouse

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Parry ◽  
G. Desypris
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Dystrophic Mice

The activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) was determined in muscles of normal and dystrophic mice. In contradistinction to reports based solely upon histochemical examination, we were unable to observe increased activity in fast-twitch muscles of dystrophic mice. Because dystrophic muscles contain large amounts of connective tissue, two reference bases for expression of enzyme activity were compared. SDH activity was expressed either per micromole of creatine or per milligram of "true muscle fibre weight." The latter was obtained by determining the proportion of the whole muscle occupied by muscle fibres using an image analyzer with photographs of muscle cross section. It appears that the use of creatine content as an index of muscle mass may not be valid for pathological tissue, as the concentration of creatine in some dystrophic muscles differed from that of control muscles. Hindlimb muscles of dystrophic mice exhibit continuous spontaneous activity. To determine the effects of this on oxidative enzyme activity two fast-twitch muscles from the forelimb were also examined. Although they showed histochemical changes comparable to those seen in hindlimb muscles, there was no increase in SDH activity. The only dystrophic muscle examined which showed a change in SDH activity was the soleus in which a decrease was observed.

scholarly journals New Insights into Muscle Fibre Types in Casertana Pig

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Claudia Vitale ◽  
Tommaso Stasi ◽  
Antonio Crasto
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Fibre Type Composition ◽  
Giant Fibres ◽  
Fast Twitch

Little is known about the Casertana pig. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex on histochemical and morphometrical characteristics of muscle fibres (myocytes) in this pure breed and to verify the presence of giant fibres as well as vascularity of the muscle. Finally, maximum shortening velocity and isometric tension were measured in single muscle fibres. Sixteen Casertana pigs (8 males, 8 females) from a farm in Campania (Italy) were slaughtered at one year of age. Muscle tissues were obtained from psoas minor, rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi. Myofibres were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and α-amylase-periodic acid schiff. For all fibre types, the area and perimeter were measured. Slowtwitch oxidative fibres, fast-twitch glycolytic fibres and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres were histochemically differentiated; an image-analyzing system was used. The results showed significant differences between the sexes in the size of all three fibre types. The psoas minor muscle had a high percentage of slow-twitch oxidative fibres and contained more capillaries per fibre and per mm2 than rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi, in which fast-twitch glycolytic fibres dominated. The cross-sectional area of all fibre types was larger in longissimus dorsi than in rhomboideus and psoas minor muscles; the giant fibres were present in the longissimus dorsi muscle only. Besides, isometric tension values were higher in fast-twitch glycolytic fibres than in the other ones. Variations in fibre type composition may contribute to meat quality.

scholarly journals Longitudinal and transversal propagation of excitation along the tubular system of rat fast-twitch muscle fibres studied by high speed confocal microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 590 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua N. Edwards ◽  
Tanya R. Cully ◽  
Thomas R. Shannon ◽  
D. George Stephenson ◽  
Bradley S. Launikonis
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Tubular System ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND METABOLIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MUSCLES USED TO POWER RUNNING IN THE EMU (DROMAIUS NOVAEHOLLANDIAE), A GIANT FLIGHTLESS BIRD

1993 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Patak ◽  
J. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Lift Off

The emu is a giant flightless bird, capable of sustained high-speed running. Anatomical, histochemical and biochemical properties of the lower leg muscles used to power running were investigated. The gastrocnemius is the largest muscle in the emu leg. It has a short inelastic tendon and contains only fast fibres. It is the major power-producing muscle of the lower leg, with a greater capacity than the digital flexor muscles for bursts of high work output. In marked contrast, the digital flexors have long elastic tendons and contain both fast and slow muscle fibres. It is proposed that these muscles, rather than the gastrocnemius, are responsible for maintaining posture and that they facilitate elastic energy storage and retrieval in their tendons during running. In comparison with equivalent muscles of flying and diving birds, emu lower leg muscles display features consistent with greater power output during both short burst and endurance running. The emu muscles are more massive relative to body size, and the gastrocnemii of other birds invariably contain slow fibres This study illustrates some of the similarities as well as differences between muscles used during flying and running. Capacities for sustained high-energy work appear to be similar in flying birds and running emus as judged from (1) the muscle masses used during locomotion when expressed as a proportion of total body mass and (2) muscle fibre type compositions and their potential for fuel catabolism. The lower creatine kinase activity in emu leg muscles could be attributed to higher energy demands during the initial stages of lift-off for flight.

scholarly journals High-speed jaw-opening exercise in training suprahyoid fast-twitch muscle fibers

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Matsubara ◽  
Haruka Tohara ◽  
Koji Hara ◽  
Hiromichi Shinozaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch

Skeletal muscle beta-adrenergic receptors: variations due to fiber type and training

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. E160-E167 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Williams ◽  
M. G. Caron ◽  
K. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Physiological Importance

To determine the relationship between oxidative capacity and characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors (beta AR) in skeletal muscle, selected biochemical variables were quantitated in particulate preparations from soleus and gastrocnemius muscle from rats subjected to 10 wk of treadmill running and from three control groups: free-fed, sedentary controls; food-restricted, pair-weighted controls; and animals trained by swimming. Beta AR density and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were considerably greater in the slow-twitch oxidative soleus muscle than in the mixed fiber type gastrocnemius in animals from each group (P less than 0.005). Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of gastrocnemius was increased 23-42% (P less than 0.05) in runners over each of the control groups, concommitantly with a 15-27% increase (P less than 0.05) in beta AR density (Bmax for binding of 125I-cyanopindolol). In 24 animals from all four treatment groups, there was a significant correlation between SDH activity and beta AR density (r = 0.68; P less than 0.001). We conclude that BAR density correlates positively with oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle, but further studies are required to determine the physiological importance of these differences.

Blood flow to different skeletal muscle fiber types during contraction

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. H265-H275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Mackie ◽  
R. L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Fast Twitch

Blood flow to fast-twitch red (FTR), fast-twitch white (FTW), and slow-twitch red (STR) muscle fiber sections of the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle group was determined using 15 +/- 3-microns microspheres during in situ stimulation in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Steady-state blood flows were assessed during the 10th min of contraction using twitch (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 Hz) and tetanic (7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120/min) stimulation conditions. In addition, an earlier blood flow determination was begun at 3 min (twitch series) or at 30 s (tetanic series) of stimulation. Blood flow was highest in the FTR (220-240 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1), intermediate in the STR (140), and lowest in the FTW (70-80) section during tetanic contraction conditions estimated to coincide with the peak aerobic function of each fiber type. These blood flows are fairly proportional to the differences in oxidative capacity among fiber types. Further, their absolute values are similar to those predicted from the relationship between blood flow and oxidative capacity found by others for dog and cat muscles. During low-frequency contraction conditions, initial blood flow to the FTR and STR sections were excessively high and not dependent on contraction frequency. However, blood flows subsequently decreased to values in keeping with the relative energy demands. In contrast, FTW muscle did not exhibit this time-dependent relative hyperemia. Thus, besides the obvious quantitative differences between skeletal muscle fiber types, there are qualitative differences in blood flow response during contractions. Our findings establish that, based on fiber type composition, a heterogeneity in blood flow distribution can occur within a whole muscle during contraction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document