Reactivity of vasa deferentia from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Corbett ◽  
M. T. Goldberg ◽  
V. C. Swamy ◽  
C. R. Triggle ◽  
D. J. Triggle
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Maximum Tension ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
And Control

Vasa deferentia from age-matched spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with three strains of control rats were found to be hyperresponsive to low concentrations, 10 and 20 mM, of KCl (K+) but not to noradrenaline (NA); the SHR tissue also demonstrated a lower ED50 to K+. Significant differences in maximum tension between SHR and the control animals in response to K+ were not seen although maximum tension developed to K+ was always greater than that developed to NA in either SHR or a control group. The loss of contractile response to K+ in the absence of extracellular calcium was more rapid in the SHR than in the control animals but no such difference was noted for the loss of response to NA. Differences in the Ca2+ dependence of KCl responses were found for 15- to 17-week-old SHR but not for 5- to 7-week-old SHR while differences in the Ca2+ dependence of the NA response were noted in the younger age group of SHR but were less evident compared with the K+ response in the older age group of rat. The 15- to 17-week-old SHR, but not 5- to 7- or 9- to 11-week groups, also demonstrated a hypersensitivity to Ba2+ whereas both SHR and normotensive control tissues demonstrated an extracellular Ca2+-independent and D 600 insensitive contractile response to lanthanum (La3+). The contractile response of the vas deferens to La3+ could, in part, be related to an effect of raised H+ but a pH-independent action of La3+ was also evident from studies with Tris-buffered solutions. Although the action of La3+ was similar in both SHR and control rats the SHR tissue was shown to be more sensitive to H+. The results demonstrate an altered threshold sensitivity and altered responsiveness of nonvascular smooth muscle in the SHR which parallels, in some respects, previous studies indicating altered vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to a variety of physiological and nonphysiological stimuli in the SHR. Furthermore, these studies may indicate that a generalized genetic alteration in the sensitivity of the smooth muscle cell to chemical stimulation and Ca2+ utilization may persist in the SHR. Whether such differences relate to the elevated blood pressure and etiology of hypertension is not yet clear.

Aortic Reactivity of Rats with Genetic and Experimental Renal Hypertension

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1072-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Field ◽  
R. A. Janis ◽  
D. J. Triggle
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Renal Hypertension ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
Specific Alteration ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

The isometric tensions produced by low concentrations of norepinephrine (1 × 10−10 and 3 × 10−10M) or potassium (10 mM) were greater in aortic rings from mature rats with hypertension produced by bilateral renal encapsulation and from rats with genetic hypertension than from Car-worth normotensive Wistar rats. This hyper-reactivity was not associated with a hypersensitivity to low calcium concentrations in the presence of 80 mM KCl. Similarly the loss of maximum response to KCl with time in calcium-free solution was the same for aortic smooth muscle from normotensive and hypertensive rats. However, the rate of relaxation after 80 mM KCl was washed from the bath with normal Krebs solution was much faster for aortic smooth muscle from normotensive than from hypertensive animals. Spontaneous contractions were observed in aortic rings obtained from eight of 12 renal hypertensive rats but were not observed in rings from either spontaneously hypertensive or normotensive rats. An elevated thyroid activity was not associated with the increase in systolic blood pressure to 185 mm Hg in the renal encapsulated rats. The results suggest that the hypersensitivity to norepinephrine of the aortic smooth muscle is due to an altered cell membrane rather than a specific alteration of the adrenergic α-receptors.

scholarly journals Placental Vascular Obstructive Lesions: Risk Factor for Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Dix ◽  
Matthias Roth-Kleiner ◽  
Maria-Chiara Osterheld
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe neonatal disease affecting particularly preterm infants. Its exact pathogenesis still remains unknown. In this study, we have compared the prevalence of vascular obstructive lesions in placentae of premature newborns which developed NEC and of a control group. We further compared separately the findings of placentae of infants of less than 30 weeks of gestation, the age group in which NEC occurs most frequently. We found signs of fetal vascular obstructive lesions in 65% of the placentae of preterm patients developing NEC, compared to only 17% of the placentae of preterm patients in the control group. In the age groups below 30 weeks of gestation, 58.5% of placentae of later NEC patients presented such lesions compared to 24.5% in the control group. The significant difference between NEC and control group suggests a strong association between fetal vascular obstructive lesions and NEC. Therefore, we propose that fetal vascular obstructive lesions might be considered as a risk factor for the development of NEC in premature infants.

scholarly journals Effect of Games Including Physical Activity on Digital Game Addiction of 11-14 Age Group Middle-School Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekihan Hazar ◽  
Muhsin Hazar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Digital Game ◽  
School Students ◽  
Game Addiction ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

In this study, it was investigated that effect of games including physical activity on digital game addiction of 11-14 age group middle-school students. Along with the determination of digital game addiction, conducting applied experimental study is important regarding showing results of application with theoretical knowledge towards solving problem. Within this framework, it was thought that “games including physical activity” will be important tool for decreasing the level of digital game addiction. Experimental Design method was used in the study in which was adopted Quantitative Research model. When 11-14 age group students who addicted digital games consisted of the population of the study, the sample of the study consisted of 29 girls and 51 boys who have studied. In the study, personal information form and digital game addiction scale that was developed by the researcher were used as measurement tools. During data collection period, by accepting applied pre-test to students as criterion sample process, students who have high addiction level (total scale score is 49 and above) were detected and control (n = 40) and experimental (n = 40) groups were created with unbiased assignment method. After the 12-weeks period “games including physical activity” training, the data which was collected from the control and experimental groups by taking post-test data was evaluated with SPSS 20 packaged software. It was found that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test of both sub-dimensions and total addiction scores and post-test scores were lower than pre-test scores. It was shown that post-test addiction scores were significantly higher than pre-test addiction scores in control group. When investigating post-test addiction scores of control and experiment groups, it was shown that addiction level of experimental group significantly decrease comparing control group. It was determined that pre-test/post-test scores of experimental group students did not show significant differences in terms of gender, age, education level of mothers, education level of fathers, number of siblings. It was also found that pre-test/post-test addiction scores of experimental and control groups showed significant differences regarding playing digital game duration. When playing digital game duration decreased in experimental group, playing game duration increased in control group. Therefore, it was concluded that addiction levels of students who are digital game addict decreased because of interesting games including physical activity. As a result; physical moving games and sports can be said to be an important tool in dealing with digital game addiction. It can also be said that an important way to protect children from such addictions is to do sports.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibit an enhanced mydriatic response to clonidine. Evidence for enhanced sensitivity of central α2-adrenoceptors

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Yarbrough ◽  
D. A. Taylor ◽  
E. K. Antolik ◽  
E. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Functional States

Comparisons among spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Kyoto Wistar (KW), and Wistar (W) rats were made of the functional states of central nervous system (CNS) α2-adrenoceptors (clonidine-induced mydriasis) and nonvascular peripheral presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors (clonidine-induced inhibition of the neurogenic twitch of the isolated vas deferens). While there were no differences among the strains of rats in the concentration of clonidine required to produce a 50% inhibition of the electrically evoked contractile response of the vas deferens, there was a signficant reduction in the mean effective concentration (ED50) of clonidine to induce mydriasis in SHR as compared with KW and W rats. These observations indicate that CNS α2-adrenoceptors may be functionally more sensitive in SHR. The data also suggest that the sensitivity of nonvascular presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors, at least in the vas deferens, is not altered in hypertensive animals.

Effects of Tonin on Vascular Smooth Muscle of the Hypertensive Rat and Normal Rabbit

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 339s-342s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Garcia ◽  
E. L. Schiffrin ◽  
G. Thibault ◽  
R. Boucher ◽  
J. Genest
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
The One ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. The response of arterial smooth muscle to noradrenaline was studied in one-clip hypertensive rats with or without the contralateral/kidney and in normotensive rabbits. 2. Strips of aorta from one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive animals were less responsive to noradrenaline than normotensive control rats. The contractile response of strips from two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive animals was not different from the control group. These results suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the lesser reactivity in the one-kidney hypertensive group are not a consequence of elevated blood pressure itself, but may be related to the intrinsic contractility of aortic smooth muscle. 3. Tonin potentiated the contraction induced by noradrenaline in aortic strips from hypertensive and normotensive rats. However, this effect was more important in the one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive animals. In the aortic and mesenteric strips from normal rabbits, tonin produced not only potentiation to noradrenaline but direct contraction. 4. The potentiation to noradrenaline and the direct effect of tonin were not affected by a variety of antagonists but were blocked by a calcium ion antagonist, verapamil, suggesting that tonin may act directly on vascular smooth muscle through mechanisms which might be mediated by calcium ions.

scholarly journals Study on Homocysteinemia as a Risk Factor of Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Md Amjad Hossain Pramanik ◽  
Achinta Kumar Mallick ◽  
Mukul Kumar Sarkar ◽  
SM Emdadul Haque ◽  
Md Raseul Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
And Control

Despite recent advances, only two-third of all strokes can be attributed to known causal risk factors. Homocysteine (tHcy), a sulfur-containing amino acid, is now considered to be an important risk factor for vascular diseases, along with the established risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Elevated homocysteine levels play a causal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thromboembolism and vascular endothelial dysfunction with an increased incidence of ischemic stroke.  This study aimed to find out the association of hyperhomocysteinemia with ischemic stroke. A total of 100 subjects were included in this study, 50 were ischemic stroke patients enrolled as case, and 50 were normal healthy individuals enrolled as control. Serum homocysteine level was measured in both case and control groups. The comparison was made in both groups regarding other common risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, family history, etc.  Among 100 patients, 50 had ischemic stroke and 50 were healthy individuals. In this study, out of all patients, abnormal serum homocysteine level was found in 32% of cases and 12% of controls. The mean (±SD) serum homocysteine level was found 16.50±13.86 μmole/L in cases and 9.46±3.49 μmole /L in the control group. Significant (p<0.05) difference was found between the case and the control. The incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia is higher in ischemic stroke cases than that in age-sex-matched healthy controls. In our study, serum homocysteine was high in both younger age group patients (16.65±14.55 μmole/L vs. 9.52±3.19 μmole/L) and older age group patients (16.33±9.87 vs. 9.35±3.97 μmole/L,) in case and control group respectively. Significant (p<0.05) difference was found between the case and the control. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal serum homocysteine is an independent risk factor of ischemic stroke. So we conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia is an important and independent risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Hypertension and smoking are important contributory to elevated serum homocysteine. TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 33-39

Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Coexisting Autoimmune Thyroiditis

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 869-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Veit ◽  
Dieter Graf ◽  
Saskia Momberger ◽  
Brigitte Helmich-Kapp ◽  
Ilka Ruschenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Younger Age

AbstractHistological findings often display an association between papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and so differ significantly from follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC). The aim of this interdisciplinary, retrospective study was to evaluate the association of AIT in patients with PTC and FTC and a control group of benign nodular goiters. One hundred thyroidectomies with histologically confirmed differentiated thyroid carcinomas, 67 with PTC and 33 with FTC, were submitted for examination. The two control groups consisted of 60 patients with euthyroid nodular goiter, displaying no signs for malignancy (no surgery) and 100 patients (second control group) with surgery of a benign nodular goiter. Controls were collected to obtain data about the incidence of significantly increased TPOAbs in the first group and of lymphocytic infiltrates (LI) in the second group. High TPOAbs were found in 35% (23/67) of patients with PTC. LI were detected by histology in 48% (32/67) of PTC. Ten patients (10/32) of this group showed the clinical and histological manifestation of a classic AIT with diffuse dense LI as well as diffuse hypoechogeneity in ultrasonography. In 7/32 cases, the histological report described focal dense LI (fAIT) and in 15/32 cases scant scattered LI. AIT and fAIT, together 25% of all PTC (17/67), showed germinal centers and can therefore be characterized as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. In this group, high TPOAb could be detected in 94% (16/17). Scan scattered LI without germinal centers (15/32) do not represent a fAIT, although TPOAb are high in 47% (7/15). The younger age group (<45 years) showed significantly more often high TPOAbs (p<0.023) in comparison with the age-group older than 60 years. In contrast to PTC, only 4/33 (12%) patients with FTC had high TPOAb levels. We conclude that in contrast to benign euthyroid goiters and to FTC, different degrees of LI are often associated with high TPOAb levels and seem to be significantly increased in PTC, particularly prominent in younger age. There is a high coincidence between LI and high TPOAb levels. In the presence of hypoechoic thyroid nodule, signs of thyroid autoimmunity such as the presence of high TPOAbs, lymphocytic infiltration in cytology, and/or characteristic ultrasonic features, are arguments that might favor the decision for surgery if a cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodule is found and focal autonomy is excluded by szintiscan.

scholarly journals A study to assess the effectiveness of Rhythmic Breathing exercises on postoperative pain of patient after Abdominal Surgery in selected Hospitals of North Gujarat

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kaushal Patidar ◽  
Kalpesh Patidar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Deep breathing is one of the best ways to lower stress and pain in the body. This is because when you breathe deeply, it sends a message to your brain to calm down and relax. The brain then sends this message to your body those things that happen when you are stressed, such as increased heart rate, fast breathing and high blood pressure, all decrease as you breathe deeply to relax. Aims and Objective: To assess the post operative pain of patient after abdominal surgery among experimental and control group. To evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic breathing exercise on post operative pain after abdominal surgery among experimental group. To determine the post-test score of post operative pain among experimental and control group. To findout the association of post operative pain with selected demographic variable in control and experimental group. Methods: A quantitative approach using Quasi-experimental research (Nonrandomized control group design.) 40 patients were selected using non probability purposive sampling in selected hospitals of North Gujarat. International numerical pain scale used for subjective pain assessment. Results: study show that out of 40 subjects in 20 experimental group, group 1(5%) belongs to the age group between 18-27 years, 2(10%) belongs to the age group between 28 -37 years, 5(25%) belongs to the age group between 38-47 years, 9(45%) belongs to the age group between 48-57 years and 3(15%) belongs to the age group of 58 years. and out of 20 In control group 5(25%) belongs to the age group between 18-27 years 3(15%) belongs to the age group between 28-37 years, 4(20%) belongs to the age group between 38-47 years, 4(20%) belongs to the age group between 48-57 years, and 4(20%) belongs to the age group of 58 years and above. In experimental group, majority in pre test19 (95%) reported severe pain, after intervention of rhythmic breathing exercisesin post test 18 (90%) reported mild pain. in control group, majority in pre test 20 (100%) reported severe pain, without intervention of rhythmic breathing exercises in post test reported severe pain 15 (75%). reveals that in experimental group the pre test mean was 7.21 and post test mean was 3.22. The pre test standard deviation was 1.44 and the posttest standard deviation was 1.02. The mean difference was 3.98 and the obtained t-value was 10.18 which are significant at 0.05levels. Hence, the stated hypothesis was accepted. In control group the pre test mean was 8.35 and post test mean was 6.56. The pretest standard deviation was 0.79 and the post test standard deviation was 0.94. The mean difference was 1.78 and the obtained t- value was 6.45 which are not significantat 0.05levels. Hence the stated hypothesis was accepted. Keywords: Assess effectiveness; Rhythmic breathing exercises; Post operative pain; Abdominal surgery patients

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