Improved cold tolerance and its mechanism in cold-acclimated rats by high fat diet feeding

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Kuroshima ◽  
Katsuhiko Doi ◽  
Takehiro Yahata ◽  
Tomie Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Colonic Temperature

Cold tolerance and metabolic responses to cold were studied in cold-acclimated rats on high fat diet (CAHF). Cold tolerance at −5 °C was assessed by fall of colonic temperature of clipped rats after 18 h of fasting. Rate of fall in colonic temperature was greatest in warm-acclimated control rats (WAST), slowest in cold-acclimated rats on standard diet (CAST), and remained unchanged in CAHF during cold exposure for 240 min. Increment in blood free fatty acid (FFA) concentration 80 min after cold exposure was greatest in WAST, less in CAST, and least in CAHF. Blood glucose decreased similarly in WAST and CAST after cold exposure, while it remained unchanged in CAHF. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate also increased similarly in WAST and CAST, while it did not change in CAHF. Nonshivering thermogenesis tested by noradrenaline was greatest in CAHF, followed by CAST and WAST. Shivering induced by cold exposure was less pronounced in CAST than in WAST and did not develop in CAHF; changes in colonic temperature were inversely related to the extent of shivering during cold exposure for 90 min.These results suggest that an integrating effect of cold and high fat diet could improve cold tolerance much more than cold acclimation itself, possibly through enhanced nonshivering thermogenesis caused by metabolic modifications such as increased lipid use and gluconeogenesis.

EFFECT OF COLD ADAPTATION AND HIGH-FAT DIET ON COLD RESISTANCE AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO ACUTE COLD EXPOSURE IN RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro KUROSHIMA ◽  
Masashi KURAHASHI ◽  
Katsuhiko DOI ◽  
Tomie OHNO ◽  
Ikuko FUJITA
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Acute Cold Exposure

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
pp. R332-R339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyun Yin ◽  
Jian Kuang ◽  
Manisha Chandalia ◽  
Demidmaa Tuvdendorj ◽  
Batbayar Tumurbaatar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
High Fat

The aim of this study was to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Both wild-type (WT) and adipose ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) transgenic (TG) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk; for each mouse, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed with or without EA at abdomen or auricular areas. A high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in both WT and TG mice. In the WT mice, EA at 3 Hz and 15 Hz, but not at 1 Hz or 100 Hz, via CV4+CV12 significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels; EA at 3 Hz was most potent. The glucose level was reduced by 61.7% at 60 min and 74.5% at 120 min with EA at 3 Hz (all P < 0.001 vs. control). Similar hypoglycemic effect was noted in the TG mice. On the contrary, EA at auricular points increased postprandial glucose level ( P < 0.03). 4). EA at 3 Hz via CV4+CV12 significantly enhanced the decrease of blood glucose after insulin injection, suggesting improvement of insulin sensitivity. Plasma free fatty acid was significantly suppressed by 42.5% at 15 min and 50.8% at 30 min with EA ( P < 0.01) in both WT and TG mice. EA improves glucose tolerance in both WT and TG mice fed a high-fat diet, and the effect is associated with stimulation parameters and acupoints and is probably attributed to the reduction of free fatty acid.

scholarly journals Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With A Mixture Of Buckwheat Leaf And Flower On Fatty Acid Composition Of Rat Brain Phospholipids

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrović Snježana ◽  
Arsić Aleksandra ◽  
Debeljak-Martačić Jasmina ◽  
Đurendić-Brenesel Maja ◽  
Pilija Vladimir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Partial Period ◽  
Brain Phospholipids ◽  
Full Period

AbstractThe aim of our study was to stablish the possible alternations in fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids in rats on a standard and high-fat diet supplemented with buckwheat leaf and flower mixture (BLF) and subsequent possible beneficial effects of BLF. Four months old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups fed a standard diet, standard diet supplemented with 5% BLF, high-fat diet, high-fat diet with full-period (13 weeks) of 5% BLF supplementation and high-fat diet with partial-period (7 weeks) of 5% BLF supplementation. Gas-liquid chromatography was performed to analyze the fatty acids in hexane lipid extracts of whole rat brains.Supplementation with BLF did not induce significant changes in fatty acid composition of whole brain phospholipids in rats fed the standard diet. In rats on high-fat diet concomitant (full-period) BLF supplementation increased eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA), total n-6 and n-6/n-3 ratio, and decreased the percentage of oleic acid (18:1n-9) and estimated activity of Δ-9 desaturase. When BLF application was postponed (partial-period) in the case of developed hyperlipidemia, a decrease of stearic acid (18:0) accompanied with an increased estimated Δ-9 desaturase activity was observed. Regardless of BLF supplementation all high-fat diet-fed groups showed an elevated percentage of linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA) and a reduced estimated Δ-6 desaturase activity.BLF contributes to the maintenance of stable fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids and supports normal brain function in high-fat diet rats, with more positive effects when BLF was applied before hyperlipidemia developed. This could be the mode of buckwheat health beneficial effects on the brain.

Oral Probiotic Bifidobacterium Longum Supplementation Improves Metabolic Parameters and Alters the Expression of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Obese Mice Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Machado ◽  
Janaína R. Oliveira ◽  
Deborah de F. Lelis ◽  
Alfredo M. B. de Paula ◽  
André L. S. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Background: Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Bifidobacterium longum (BL), a common member of the human gut microbiota, has important health benefits through several mechanisms. Objectives: We evaluated the BL supplementation effects on body metabolism and renin-angiotensin components hepatic expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. Methods: Thirty-two male mice were divided into four groups: standard diet + placebo (ST), standard diet + Bifidobacterium longum (ST + BL), high-fat diet + placebo (HFD) and high-fat diet + Bifidobacterium longum (HFD + BL). Following the obesity induction period, the ST + BL and HFD + BL groups were supplemented with Bifidobacterium longum for 4 weeks. Then, body, biochemical, histological and molecular parameters were evaluated. Results: HFD + BL mice had a significant decrease in adipose tissue mass and blood glucose levels, as well as a significant reduction in blood glucose during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. The treatment also resulted in reduced levels of total cholesterol and hepatic fat accumulation. Moreover, we observed an increase in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Mas receptor (MASR) expression levels in BL-treated obese mice. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that BL may have the potential to prevent obesity and NAFLD by modulating the mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system components.

scholarly journals High Fat Diet Rich in Linoleic Acid Oil Increases Linoleate-Rich Cardiolipin Species in C57BL6/J Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1229-1229
Author(s):  
Connor Mahler ◽  
Austin Angelotti ◽  
Rachel Cole ◽  
Deena Snoke ◽  
Genevieve Sparagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Objectives Dietary fat quality alters the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in cell membranes. The fatty acid composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) impacts mitochondria function where linoleic acid (LA) -rich cardiolipin, e.g., tetralinoleoyl-cardiolipin (L4CL). This study compared the effects of a LA-rich diet and a saturated fat (SF)-rich diet on L4CL in the liver of mice. Methods Male C57BL6/J mice (9 weeks, N = 24) randomized by body weight to a high fat diet (24% fat w/w) containing LA-rich safflower oil (SO) or SF-rich oil (LD) for 18 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured every two days. Fasting blood glucose and body composition (Echo/MRI) were measured in the washout period and again 11 weeks later. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) measured insulin sensitivity on day 85, and mice were euthanized starting after day 100. Liver cardiolipin speciation was measured using HPLC/MS. A two-sample t-test at a 5% significance level was used to determine differences between diet groups. Results Body weight, cumulative food intake, adipose and lean tissues were not significantly different between diet groups at Day 130. Fasting glucose between diets was not significantly different at any timepoints throughout the study. Blood glucose during the ITT was significantly different between LA-rich and SF-rich diets for the last two time points, 90 minute and 120 minute. The SO diet increased hepatic L4CL (% of total CL) compared to the LD diet (P-value: &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Hepatic CL fatty acid composition reflected dietary fat composition. Feeding of a high fat LA-rich diet increased hepatic L4CL species and hastened resolution of glucose levels in response to insulin in the SO diet group (vs. LD diet group). Funding Sources Supported by Human Nutrition - Human Sciences, Carol S. Kennedy endowment, OADRC.

Ventilatory and metabolic responses to cold and hypoxia in intact and carotid body-denervated rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gautier ◽  
M. Bonora
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Ventilatory Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Made In

The effects of hypoxia on thermoregulation and ventilatory control were studied in conscious rats before and after carotid denervation (CD). Measurements of metabolic rate (VO2), ventilation (V), shivering intensity (SI), and colonic temperature (Tc) were made in groups of eight rats subjected to three protocols. In protocols 1 and 2, at ambient temperature (Ta) of 25 and 5 degrees C, respectively, rats were exposed to normoxia and hypoxia [inspired O2 fraction (FIO2) 0.13–0.11]. In protocol 3, Ta was decreased from 25 to 5 degrees C in 30-min steps of 5 degrees C. Recordings were made in normoxia and hypoxia (FIO2 0.12). The results show that in both intact and CD rats 1) in normoxia, cold exposure increased VO2, V, and SI, and these increases were proportional to the decrease in Ta; 2) hypoxia induced only a transient decrease in SI, and, for a given Ta, VO2 was reduced whereas V and SI were increased; and 3) in CD rats, V increased less during cold exposure in both normoxia and hypoxia; VO2 and Tc were more depressed during hypoxia. It is concluded that 1) the interaction between Ta and FIO2 in the control of V is partly dependent on the carotid body afferents, 2) shivering thermogenesis may be transiently affected by hypoxia independently of the carotid body afferents, and 3) nonshivering thermogenesis may be directly inhibited by hypoxia, especially during cold exposure.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of heat-treated Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 on high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kondoh ◽  
Takashi Shimada ◽  
Kazutake Fukada ◽  
Mayuko Morita ◽  
Kazuhiro Katada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels

A high-fat diet (HFD) is one of the causes of hepatic steatosis. We previously demonstrated that Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (FK-23), a type of lactic acid bacteria, exhibits an anti-obesity effect in mice fed a HFD. In the present study, we examined the effects of FK-23 on HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and given one of four treatments: standard diet (SD); standard diet supplemented with FK-23 (SD+FK); HFD; or HFD supplemented with FK-23 (HFD+FK). For the administration of FK-23, the drinking water was supplemented with FK-23 at a concentration of 2 % (w/w). After 11 weeks, histological findings revealed hepatic steatosis in the liver of HFD-fed mice; however, this effect was attenuated by the administration of FK-23. The expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the liver tissue were significantly reduced in the HFD group compared with the SD group, but FK-23 supplementation tended to up-regulate the expression levels of these genes. Our findings show that the inhibitory effect of FK-23 against hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice can be explained by the prevention of fat accumulation in the liver through the modulation of the activities of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation.

scholarly journals The Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Composition in the Hearts of Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Pakiet ◽  
Agnieszka Jakubiak ◽  
Paulina Mierzejewska ◽  
Agata Zwara ◽  
Ivan Liakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fa Composition

The Western diet can lead to alterations in cardiac function and increase cardiovascular risk, which can be reproduced in animal models by implementing a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanism of these alterations is not fully understood and may be dependent on alterations in heart lipid composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an HFD on the fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids, as well as of various lipid fractions in the heart, and on heart function. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD or standard laboratory diet. The FA composition of chow, serum, heart and skeletal muscle tissues was measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Cardiac function was evaluated by ultrasonography. Our results showed an unexpected increase in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and a significant decrease in monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in the heart tissue of mice fed the HFD. For comparison, no such effects were observed in skeletal muscle or serum samples. Furthermore, we found that the largest increase in PUFAs was in the sphingolipid fraction, whereas the largest decrease in MUFAs was in the phospholipid and sphingomyelin fractions. The hearts of mice fed an HFD had an increased content of triacylglycerols. Moreover, the HFD treatment altered aortic flow pattern. We did not find significant changes in heart mass or oxidative stress markers between mice fed the HFD and standard diet. The above results suggest that alterations in FA composition in the heart may contribute to deterioration of heart function. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is the alteration of sphingolipids and phospholipids in the fatty acid profile, which may change the physical properties of these lipids. Since phospho- and sphingolipids are the major components of cell membranes, alterations in their structures in heart cells can result in changes in cell membrane properties.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
RONALDO LAU ◽  
SULISTIANA PRABOWO ◽  
RIAMI RIAMI
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
White Male ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p align="justify"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="justify"><strong>Background</strong>: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract  on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) fed with high fat diet.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Method</strong>:  24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15<sup>th</sup>-28<sup>th</sup> days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Result :</strong> One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).</p><p align="justify"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level.</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords :</strong>Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet</p>

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