Effects of handling, decapitation, anesthesia, and surgery on plasma noradrenaline levels in the white rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Depocas ◽  
W. A. Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Halothane Anesthesia ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Purina Laboratory ◽  
Metabolism Chamber ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia ◽  
Tissue Trauma ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

To determine the normal resting level of plasma noradrenaline (NA) in unanesthetized and undisturbed white rats, 20 warm-acclimated rats previously fed a semisynthetic diet were implanted with an intraaortic cannula and allowed to recover for a period of 5 days. They were then placed in a closed metabolism chamber after fitting an extension to the cannula which allowed blood sampling in animals which were unrestricted and unaware of the procedure. The average NA concentration in the plasma was 0.15 ± 0.01 ng/ml as measured by a radioenzymatic method based on formation of [methyl-3H]adrenaline. Levels of noradrenaline in nanograms per millilitre measured in groups of four to five rats after various treatments were as follows: manipulation, 0.63 ± 0.18; decapitation, 1.32 ± 0.25; 5 min after 3% halothane, 0.23 ± 0.01; decapitation under halothane, 0.40 ± 0.03. In five rats fed Purina laboratory chow at room temperature, values were 0.11 ± 0.02 ng/ml and concentration invariably increased after manipulation and after decapitation. The elevated plasma NA concentration in rats cannulated under halothane anesthesia dropped to normal levels in less than 1 h after recovery from anesthesia, thus indicating that tissue trauma associated with cannula implantation does not have a long-lasting effect on plasma NA levels. These results show that special precautions must be taken to ensure minimal sympathetic activity when resting plasma NA levels are to be measured and that data on the effect of various treatments on peripheral levels of NA based on use of anesthetized, manipulated, or decapitated rats are of doubtful significance as use of these procedures result in abnormally high levels of NA in the control animals used for comparison.

Plasma Catecholamines and Plasma Renin Activity at Birth and during the First Days of Life

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 319s-321s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Leonetti ◽  
C. Bianchini ◽  
G. B. Picotti ◽  
A. Cesura ◽  
Letizia Caccamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured in 21 mothers at delivery and in their babies at birth (umbilical cord blood) and on days 1 and 5 of extrauterine life. 2. At birth plasma renin activity was significantly higher in the newborn than in mothers. Plasma renin activity increased further, but not significantly, on day 1 of life and significantly decreased on day 5. On day 5, 10 min head-up tilting caused no change in plasma renin activity. 3. Plasma noradrenaline in the newborn was higher than in mothers at birth and significantly decreased thereafter. Plasma adrenaline levels at birth were similar in the newborn and their mothers and significantly lower in the newborn in subsequent days. Tilting caused no increase in either plasma adrenaline or noradrenaline levels. 4. No correlation was found between plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and plasma renin activity, or between noradrenaline, adrenaline or plasma renin activity and blood pressure.

Influence of the Sympathetic Nervous System on Aortic Compliance

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 279s-282s ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Alicandri ◽  
R. Fariello ◽  
E. Agabiti-Rosei ◽  
G. Romanelli ◽  
G. Muiesan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Aortic Compliance ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Aortic compliance and plasma catecholamine levels were determined in 26 essential hypertensive patients: 14<45 years (group 1) and 12>45 years (group 2). 2. Aortic rigidity, the reciprocal of aortic compliance, was calculated by the ratio of pulse pressure to stroke volume. Pulse pressure was derived by arterial pressure measured in the ascending aorta. Stroke volume was obtained by dye dilution. 3. A significant correlation (r = 0.60) was found between aortic rigidity and plasma noradrenaline in group 2. In this group both aortic rigidity and plasma noradrenaline levels were consistently higher than in group 1. 4. In 15 patients (seven of group 1 and eight of group 2) aortic rigidity was again measured after acute phentolamine (five patients) and labetalol (ten patients) administration. 5. Aortic rigidity was reduced significantly after both α-adrenoreceptor blockade alone and combined α- and β-adrenoreceptor blockade. A highly significant correlation was found between aortic rigidity reduction and pretreatment noradrenaline levels (r = 0.77). 6. Aortic compliance is influenced, at least in part, by sympathetic nervous system activity. Drugs which block the peripheral effects of catecholamines may improve aortic compliance and consequently the control of systolic hypertension in selected cases.

Stable Inhibition of Brain Synaptic Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase in Rats Anesthetized with Halothane 

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Franks ◽  
Jean-Louis Horn ◽  
Piotr K. Janicki ◽  
Gurkeerat Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Synaptic Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sodium Calcium Exchanger ◽  
Halothane Anesthesia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia ◽  
Anesthetic Exposure

Background The authors recently showed that plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) activity in cerebral synaptic plasma membrane (SPM) is diminished in a dose-related fashion during exposure in vitro to halothane, isoflurane, xenon, and nitrous oxide at clinically relevant partial pressures. They have now extended their work to in vivo studies, examining PMCA pumping in SPM obtained from control rats decapitated without anesthetic exposure, from rats decapitated during halothane anesthesia, and from rats decapitated after recovery from halothane anesthesia. Methods Three treatment groups were studied: 1) C, control rats that were decapitated without anesthetic exposure, 2) A, anesthetized rats exposed to 1 minimum effective dose (MED) for 20 min and then decapitated, and 3) R, rats exposed to 1 MED for 20 min and then decapitated after recovery from anesthesia, defined as beginning to groom. Plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase pumping and Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase hydrolytic activity, as well as sodium-calcium exchanger activity and Na+-K+-ATPase hydrolytic activity, were assessed in cerebral SPM. In addition, halothane effect on smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) was examined. Results Plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase transport of Ca2+ into SPM vesicles from anesthetized rats was reduced to 71% of control (P < 0.01) compared with 113% of control for the recovered group (NS). No depression by halothane of SERCA activity, sodium-calcium exchanger, or Na+-K+-ATPase activity was noted among the CAR treatment groups. Conclusions Plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase is selectively and stably inhibited in cerebral SPM from rats killed while anesthetized with halothane, compared with rats killed without anesthesia or after recovery from anesthesia. The studies described in this report, in conjunction with previously reported inhibition of PMCA activity in vitro by a wide range of anesthetic agents, indicate a relationship between inhibition of PMCA and action of inhalational anesthetics.

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Reflexes in Haemodialysis Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Naik ◽  
C. J. Mathias ◽  
C. A. Wilson ◽  
J. L. Reid ◽  
D. J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
And Control ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to head-up tilt, standing, the Valsalva manoeuvre, sustained handgrip and cutaneous cold were measured in 27 haemodialysis patients (10 of whom had episodes of haemodialysis-induced hypotension) and 15 control subjects to assess autonomic nervous function. Plasma nor-adrenaline levels were measured at rest and during head-up tilt. 2. Mean resting supine blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline levels were higher in haemodialysis patients than in the control subjects. There was no fall in blood pressure during head-up tilt or standing. The ratio of the R-R intervals of the thirtieth and the fifteenth heart beat after standing (30: 15) was lower in the patients; this may be related to their higher resting heart rate. Head-up tilt raised plasma noradrenaline levels in both groups. Heart rate responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre were similar in the patients and control subjects. 3. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate responses to sustained handgrip were similar in both groups. Diastolic and mean blood pressure changes, however, were lower in the patients. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to cutaneous cold were similar in the patients and control subjects. 4. We conclude that generalized autonomic nervous dysfunction does not appear to cause haemodialysis-induced hypotension in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis.

scholarly journals Prognostic Significance of Exercise Plasma Noradrenaline Levels for Cardiac Death in Patients With Mild Heart Failure

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Kinugawa ◽  
Kazuhide Ogino ◽  
Shuichi Osaki ◽  
Masahiko Kato ◽  
Osamu Igawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Mild Heart Failure ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

Plasma Noradrenaline as a Measure of Baroreflex Sensitivity in Hypertensive Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 165s-168s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Shepherd ◽  
M.-S. Lin ◽  
T. K. Keeton ◽  
J. L. McNay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Changes in plasma noradrenaline levels and heart rate were used as measures of baroreflex sensitivity in six hypertensive subjects given serial incremental doses of sodium nitroprusside (intravenously) to lower blood pressure. 2. The rises in both heart rate and plasma noradrenaline concentration were linearly related to the decrement in blood pressure and inversely related to the severity of the hypertension. 3. A positive correlation between rise in heart rate and rise in plasma noradrenaline was found for each subject. With increasing severity of hypertension, a greater increase in heart rate occurred for each increment in plasma noradrenaline concentration. 4. Baroreflex sensitivity can be assessed by relating changes in heart rate to change in arterial pressure; however, this method does not distinguish the relative contributions of the vagal and sympathetic components of the autonomic neural response or variations in the chronotropic response to sympathetic stimulation. 5. Changes in plasma noradrenaline levels in response to graded reductions in blood pressure may be a more appropriate measure of baroreflex sensitivity than the methods currently used in clinical investigation.

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