Plasma Catecholamines and Plasma Renin Activity at Birth and during the First Days of Life

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 319s-321s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Leonetti ◽  
C. Bianchini ◽  
G. B. Picotti ◽  
A. Cesura ◽  
Letizia Caccamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured in 21 mothers at delivery and in their babies at birth (umbilical cord blood) and on days 1 and 5 of extrauterine life. 2. At birth plasma renin activity was significantly higher in the newborn than in mothers. Plasma renin activity increased further, but not significantly, on day 1 of life and significantly decreased on day 5. On day 5, 10 min head-up tilting caused no change in plasma renin activity. 3. Plasma noradrenaline in the newborn was higher than in mothers at birth and significantly decreased thereafter. Plasma adrenaline levels at birth were similar in the newborn and their mothers and significantly lower in the newborn in subsequent days. Tilting caused no increase in either plasma adrenaline or noradrenaline levels. 4. No correlation was found between plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and plasma renin activity, or between noradrenaline, adrenaline or plasma renin activity and blood pressure.

Effects of opioid antagonism on the haemodynamic and hormonal responses to exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Staessen ◽  
Roberto Fiocchi ◽  
Roger Bouillon ◽  
Robert Fagard ◽  
Peter Hespel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. Physical effort involves, along with an increase in the plasma concentration of β-endorphin, profound adaptations of the circulation and the endocrine system. The effects of opioid antagonism on the responses of blood pressure, heart rate and several hormones to exercise were therefore studied in 10 normal men. They exercised in the supine position up to 33% and 66% of their maximal exercise capacity and received in a randomized double-blind cross-over protocol, either saline or naloxone (10 mg intravenously, followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/h). 2. Intra-arterial pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored, but were not affected by naloxone. 3. At rest, opioid antagonism produced a rise in plasma renin activity and in plasma adrenocorticotropin, Cortisol and aldosterone, but only the stimulation of the two adrenocortical hormones differed significantly from the control experiments; at rest naloxone also prevented the fall in plasma adrenaline, which occurred with saline infusion. Furthermore, the exercise-induced rises in plasma angiotensin II, aldosterone, Cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline were higher on naloxone than on saline, while a similar tendency was also present for the increases with exercise in plasma renin activity and plasma adrenocorticotropin. Neither at rest nor during exercise did opioid antagonism alter plasma lactate and glucose and serum insulin and growth hormone. 4. In conclusion, (1) endogenous opioids are not involved in the responses of blood pressure and heart rate to supine exercise; (2) at rest and during exercise, the endogenous opioids inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropin, aldosterone, Cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline; (3) they also inhibit the plasma renin-angiotensin II system indirectly via the catecholamines.

Plasma Catecholamines and Renin Activity in Response to Exercise in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
J. Chodakowska ◽  
K. Nazar ◽  
B. Wocial ◽  
M. Jarecki ◽  
B. Skórka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects

1. The effect of physical exercise on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity was studied in fourteen patients with essential hypertension and in eight healthy subjects. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline and plasma renin activity of the hypertensive patients did not differ from those of the control subjects. 3. In response to graded exercise producing successive heart rates of 120, 140 and 160 beats/min, significantly greater increases of blood pressure were found in the patients than in the control subjects. 4. Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly in both groups at all levels of exercise, the responses being significantly greater in the hypertensive patients. 5. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly correlated with plasma noradrenaline concentration in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 6. In the hypertensive group plasma adrenaline increased significantly after exercise at all work loads whereas, in the control group, significant increase occurred only at the highest work load. The differences in the response of the two groups were significant at each work load. 7. Plasma renin activity increased significantly after exercise at the heart rate of 120 beats/min, both in the hypertensive patients and in the control subjects. The magnitude of the response was similar in the two groups.

Catecholamines in Peripheral Venous Plasma in Patients on Chronic Haemodialysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. McGrath ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham ◽  
C. R. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Chronic Haemodialysis ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Anephric Patients ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. Concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline from peripheral venous plasma were measured after 60 min of supine rest in 55 patients on chronic haemodialysis (including six anephric patients) and in 18 normal subjects. In the patients, plasma catecholamine measurements were related to concurrent measurements of blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotension II, blood volume and sulphate space. 2. Mean resting peripheral venous plasma noradrenaline concentration was higher by almost twofold, but mean resting plasma adrenaline concentration was lower, in the 49 non-nephrectomized patients than in the normal subjects. In the six anephric patients, resting peripheral venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations were similar to those of normal subjects. 3. Mean resting plasma noradrenaline concentrations in peripheral venous blood were similar in normotensive and hypertensive non-nephrectomized patients; mean plasma adrenaline concentration was higher in the hypertensive patients. A positive correlation was found between plasma adrenaline and plasma renin activity but not between plasma noradrenaline and plasma renin activity. 4. Resting concentrations of both catecholamines were positively correlated with resting pulse rate and inversely related to blood volume. 5. After renal transplantation resting peripheral venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations were normal in eight patients in whom high values had been recorded whilst on chronic haemodialysis. 6. In response to 40° of head-up tilt, plasma noradrenaline increased significantly in six non-nephrectomized patients, whether sodium replete or depleted, and the changes observed in both these states were similar to those of 14 normal subjects studied on a normal diet. 7. Diastolic blood pressure increased on standing in the majority (41/55) of patients: in only four patients was there a fall in diastolic pressure of more than 5 mmHg in the erect position and in two of these blood volumes were low. 8. The cause of increased peripheral plasma noradrenaline concentrations in haemodialysis patients is uncertain.

Effect of Cyclo-Oxygenase Inhibition on Renin, Catecholamine and Blood Pressure Responses to Haemorrhage and Captopril in Conscious Rabbits

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 243s-246s
Author(s):  
M. S. Golub ◽  
M. E. Berger ◽  
N. D. Vlachakis ◽  
P. Eggena ◽  
M. P. Sambhi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Conscious Rabbits ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. Changes in plasma renin activity, plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline, and blood pressure were evaluated after mild haemorrhage (6 ml/kg) and subsequent intravenous captopril in conscious, restrained rabbits. Two protocols were followed. In the first, control animals (n = 8) were compared with rabbits receiving indomethacin (n = 8) in their drinking water for 5 days and intravenously during the haemorrhage and captopril study. In the second protocol, animals receiving propranolol in the drinking water and intravenously (n = 7) were compared with a group (n = 7) receiving propranolol plus indomethacin. 2. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was decreased significantly with the oral administration of indomethacin in both protocols. Plasma renin activity levels were not significantly different at baseline, but the animals receiving indomethacin had significantly (P < 005) lower values after haemorrhage in both studies. The large increases in plasma renin activity after captopril were not influenced by indomethacin in either study. 3. The blood pressure response to captopril was significantly blunted in the indomethacin group in the first experiment. 4. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels were not affected by indomethacin treatment in either protocol. 5. It is concluded that the plasma renin activity response to haemorrhage in conscious rabbits is mediated in part by a cyclo-oxygenase-dependent component separable from the β-adrenoceptor. The renin response to converting enzyme inhibition is not influenced by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. A component of the blood pressure response to captopril may involve a cyclo-oxygenase product.

Familial Hypertension and Hormonal Profile, Renal Haemodynamics and Body Fluids of Young Normotensive Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 367s-371s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bianchi ◽  
G. B. Picotti ◽  
G. Bracchi ◽  
D. Cusi ◽  
M. Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Almost all the factors that may cause a rise in blood pressure are, in turn, influenced by the increase in blood pressure per se. Thus any primary involvement of one or more of these factors in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension must be evaluated before or during the development of hypertension. 2. Young normotensive subjects both of whose parents are hypertensive have a much higher probability of developing hypertension than those whose parents are both normotensive. 3. The following measurements were made in 56 subjects of the first group (both parents hypertensive) and 35 of the second group (both parents normotensive), matched for age, sex and body surface area: renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, using p-aminohippurate and inulin clearance; 24 h urinary excretion of aldosterone, protein and electrolytes; plasma renin activity; plasma volume. Plasma catecholamines and cardiac index were also measured in 26 subjects of the first group and 25 subjects of the second group using a radioenzymic method and echocardiography. 4. All these factors were similar in the two groups except that renal plasma flow was higher in the first group (767·2 ± 30 versus 650·7 ± 17 ml/min, P < 0·01). Plasma renin activity tended to be lower in subjects with a higher renal plasma flow, but there was no significant negative correlation between the two factors. 5. The possibility that the higher renal plasma flow in subjects with a high probability of developing hypertension is a compensatory mechanism for a primary intrarenal defect is discussed.

Effect of an opiate antagonist on the responses of circulating catecholamines and the renin-aldosterone system to acute sympathetic stimulation by hand-grip in man

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. L. Lam ◽  
A. Grossman ◽  
P. Bouloux ◽  
P. L. Drury ◽  
G. M. Besser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Serum Aldosterone

Abstract. The effect of naloxone on the neurohumoral responses to acute sympathetic stimulation by sustained hand-grip in normal man was investigated. Six normal males were studied fasting at 08.30 h, on two occasions at 7-day intervals, with each subject sustaining 30% of his maximal hand-grip on a hand dynamometer for 5 min. Naloxone (8 mg bolus) in 20 ml normal saline, or saline alone, was given 5 min before hand-grip in a randomised double-blind cross-over trial. Blood was sampled for plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone and plasma catecholamines. The study was repeated in the absence of hand-grip. Sustained hand-grip produced significant elevations in mean blood-pressure, circulating adrenaline, noradrenaline and aldosterone. Naloxone, which had no effect on basal catecholamines, plasma renin activity or aldosterone, significantly enhanced the responses in plasma adrenaline, plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone to hand-grip. The increments in blood pressure and noradrenaline were not affected. These results suggest that endogenous opioids modulate the response of the sympathoadrenal and renin-aldosterone systems to acute sympathetic stimulation by a mild stress in man.

Increased circulating plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity in dogs after chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald A. Porlier ◽  
Réginald A. Nadeau ◽  
Jacques de Champlain ◽  
Daniel G. Bichet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Circulating plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity, and other variables were measured in unanesthetized dogs before and after chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 50 mg/kg). Chemical sympathectomy resulted in an immediate fall in mean arterial blood pressure and a delayed reduction in heart rate. Significant increases in plasma glucose and lactate concentrations, circulating plasma catecholamines, and plasma renin activity were found 24 h after 6-OHDA treatment. Circulating catecholamine levels decreased rapidly as time elapsed after sympathectomy and were half the initial values after 2 weeks. Plasma renin activity remained elevated during the 1st week after 6-OHDA treatment and returned to control levels during the 2nd week. Significant correlations were found between circulating catecholamines and heart rate mean arterial pressure, and plasma glucose and lactate concentrations. A significant correlation was also found between plasma renin activity and the mean arterial blood pressure. These results confirm that the adrenal medulla increases its catecholamine secretion rate into the circulation to compensate for the loss of adrenergic innervation after 6-OHDA treatment. They also indicate that the rennin–angiotensin system represents another important compensatory mechanism for circulatory homeostasis in sympathec-tomized animals.

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