Effect of Age, Sex, and Egg Laying on the Total Erythrocyte Volume (51CrO4 Label) and the Plasma Volume (125I-Serum Albumin Label) of Japanese Quail

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Nirmalan ◽  
G. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
True Blood ◽  
Whole Body Hematocrit ◽  
Effect Of Age

In a study carried out to assess the effect of age, sex, and egg laying on the true Mood volume in Japanese quail by the simultaneous determination of the 51Cr erythrocyte volume and the 125I plasma volume, the mean values in milliliters per kilogram body weight for true blood volume, plasma volume, and erythrocyte volume in young unsexed quail, adult males, adult nonlaying hens, and laying quail, respectively, were 83.2, 59.1, 24.1; 74.2, 47.3, 26.9; 67.6, 42.9, 24.7; and 71.2, 47.3, and 23.8. Young birds had higher plasma volume and true blood volume and lower whole body hematocrit and Fcells ratio than the adults. The erythrocyte volume of young quail was not significantly different from that of the nonlaying hens but was less than that of adult males. Adult males had higher plasma volume, erythrocyte volume, and true blood volume than nonlaying hens. A comparison between the layers and nonlayers showed that the layers had a higher plasma volume and Fcells ratio and a lower whole body hematocrit than the adult nonlayers.

scholarly journals Blood volume, plasma volume and circulation time in a high-energy-demand teleost, the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brill ◽  
K Cousins ◽  
D Jones ◽  
P G Bushnell ◽  
J F Steffensen
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Red Cell

We measured red cell space with 51Cr-labeled red blood cells, and dextran space with 500 kDa fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITC-dextran), in two groups of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Red cell space was 13.8+/-0.7 ml kg-1 (mean +/- s.e.m.) Assuming a whole-body hematocrit equal to the hematocrit measured at the ventral aortic sampling site and no significant sequestering of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells by the spleen, blood volume was 46. 7+/-2.2 ml kg-1. This is within the range reported for most other teleosts (30-70 ml kg-1), but well below that previously reported for albacore (Thunnus alalunga, 82-197 ml kg-1). Plasma volume within the primary circulatory system (calculated from the 51Cr-labeled red blood cell data) was 32.9+/-2.3 ml kg-1. Dextran space was 37.0+/-3.7 ml kg-1. Because 500 kDa FITC-dextran appeared to remain within the vascular space, these data imply that the volume of the secondary circulatory system of yellowfin tuna is small, and its exact volume is not measurable by our methods. Although blood volume is not exceptional, circulation time (blood volume/cardiac output) is clearly shorter in yellowfin tuna than in other active teleosts. In a 1 kg yellowfin tuna, circulation time is approximately 0.4 min (47 ml kg-1/115 ml min-1 kg-1) compared with 1. 3 min (46 ml kg-1/35 ml min-1 kg-1) in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and 1.9 min (35 ml kg-1/18 ml min-1 kg-1) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In air-breathing vertebrates, high metabolic rates are necessarily correlated with short circulation times. Our data are the first to imply that a similar relationship occurs in fishes.

Apparent escape rate of RIHSA and 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes from the blood of volume-expanded rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. F386-F392
Author(s):  
U. Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bovine Albumin ◽  
Blood Volume Expansion ◽  
Average Slope ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nonsteady State ◽  
Whole Body Hematocrit

The disappearance rate constant of radioiodinated human serum albumin (RIHSA) and 51Cr-tagged erythrocytes was measured in rats before and after intravenous, isoncotic blood volume expansion (6% bovine albumin; 75 or 33% of blood volume). Before volume expansion the average slope of the semilogarithmically plotted plasma RIHSA activity was -2.068 X 10(-3) +/- 0.146 X 10(-3) (SE) min-1. The slope was not significantly changed when tested by subsequent tracer injections which were made immediately after and 1 h after volume expansion. Preinfusion plasma volume (PV) was constant, but total erythrocyte volume (RCV) increased at a significant rate from 0.0253 +/- 0.0030 to 0.0300 +/- 0.0038 ml/g body wt over the 2-h period. PV was elevated and RCV was unchanged by the infusion, but both decreased significantly thereafter. The observed erythrocyte loss could not be accounted for by sampling or bleeding. Arterial hematocrit remained constant while RCV and PV were decreasing, and it was identical to whole-body hematocrit throughout. It was concluded that 1) isoncotic albumin expansion did not change the rate constant of transcapillary albumin loss; 2) nonsteady state PV could be calculated from a single preinfusion RIHSA dose; and 3) sequestration of blood may be a part of the rat's response to volume expansion.

THE EFFECT OF OESTROGEN AND THYROXINE ON THE BLOOD VOLUME OF THE DOMESTIC COCK

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
Simultaneous Injection ◽  
Blood Volumes

SUMMARY The influence of thyroxine and oestrogen on blood, plasma and erythrocyte volumes of the domestic fowl was investigated. During the 1st week of oestrogen treatment the haematocrit values, erythrocyte and blood volumes decreased significantly. After 2 weeks, plasma volume increased, blood volume returned to normal, and erythrocyte volume remained at its previously low value. The simultaneous injection of thyroxine with oestrogen prevented these changes, and in this respect thyroxine is antagonistic to oestrogen. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the possible mode of action of these two hormones.

Altitude acclimatization and blood volume: effects of exogenous erythrocyte volume expansion

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
A. J. Young ◽  
P. B. Rock ◽  
T. P. Lyons ◽  
R. Boushel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
Altitude Acclimatization ◽  
Plasma Loss

We studied sea-level residents during 13 days of altitude acclimatization to determine 1) altitude acclimatization effects on erythrocyte volume and plasma volume, 2) if exogenous erythrocyte volume expansion alters subsequent erythrocyte volume and plasma volume adaptations, 3) if an increased blood oxygen content alters erythropoietin responses during altitude acclimatization, and 4) mechanisms responsible for plasma loss at altitude. Sixteen healthy men had a series of hematologic measurements made at sea level, on the first and ninth days of altitude (4,300 m) residence, and after returning to sea level. Twenty-four hours before the ascent to altitude, one group received a 700-ml infusion of autologous erythrocytes (42% hematocrit), whereas the other group received only a saline infusion. Erythrocyte infusion increased erythrocyte volume by approximately 10%, whereas saline infusion had no effect; in addition, initially at altitude, blood oxygen content was 8% higher in erythrocyte-infused than in saline-infused subjects. The new findings regarding altitude acclimatization are summarized as follows: 1) erythrocyte volume does not change during the first 13 days and is not affected by prior exogenous expansion, 2) a modest increase in blood oxygen content does not modify erythropoietin responses, 3) plasma losses are related to vascular protein losses, and 4) exogenous erythrocyte volume expansion coincides with transient increases in plasma loss, vascular protein loss, and mean arterial pressure elevation. These findings better define human blood volume responses during altitude acclimatization.

scholarly journals RED CELL AND PLASMA VOLUMES (CIRCULATING AND TOTAL) AS DETERMINED BY RADIO IRON AND BY DYE

1942 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Hahn ◽  
J. F. Ross ◽  
W. F. Bale ◽  
W. M. Balfour ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Peripheral Cell ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
Small Vessels

1. Application of the principles of hydrodynamics to the problem of blood flow and blood volume indicates that the calculation of blood volume and cell volume from the venous hematocrit and plasma volume (as determined by the dye method) is subject to considerable error. 2. This conclusion is borne out by determinations of total cell volume by viviperfusion and with the use of radioactive iron tagged erythrocytes, which have shown the erythrocyte volume to be only 70 to 75 per cent of the volume indicated by the previously mentioned calculations. 3. The average hematocrit of the entire vascular system is considerably lower than the hematocrit of the large vessels, and the cell-plasma ratio of the smaller vessels is still less. 4. In the dog there are no considerable stores of immobilized erythrocytes, and the total erythrocyte volume and circulating erythrocyte volume are identical. 5. The "rapidly circulating blood volume" can be determined by dividing the erythrocyte volume by the venous hematocrit, and is found to be considerably less than the total blood volume. 6. The concept of the "rapidly circulating plasma volume" is introduced, and it is found to be approximately 80 per cent of the total plasma volume. 7. The volume of plasma in the peripheral, cell free, sluggishly moving plasma films, plus that contained in small vessels in which no red cells are present, is also determined and found to be approximately 20 per cent of the entire plasma volume. 8. The existence and magnitude of these fractions of the blood plasma volume should receive consideration in studies of blood flow and blood volume.

Changes in Blood Volume and Hematocrit during Acute Preoperative Volume Loading with 5% Albumin or 6% Hetastarch Solutions in Patients before Radical Hysterectomy

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rehm ◽  
Mathias Haller ◽  
Victoria Orth ◽  
Uwe Kreimeier ◽  
Mathias Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Plasma Substitutes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Impact

Background The impact of acute preoperative volume loading with colloids on blood volume has not been investigated sufficiently. Methods Before surgery, in 20 patients undergoing major gynecologic procedures, volume loading was performed during anesthesia by infusing approximately 20 ml/kg of colloid at a rate of 90 ml/min (group I: 5% albumin solution; group II: 6% hetastarch solution; n = 10 each). Plasma volume (indocyanine green dilution technique), erythrocyte volume (labeling erythrocytes with fluorescein), hematocrit, total protein, and hetastarch plasma concentrations (group II) were measured before and 30 min after the end of infusion. Results More than 1,350 ml of colloid (approximately 50% of the baseline plasma volume) were infused within 15 min. Thirty minutes after the infusion had been completed, blood volume was only 524 +/- 328 ml (group I) and 603 +/- 314 ml (group II) higher than before volume loading. The large vessel hematocrit (measured by centrifugation) dropped more than the whole body hematocrit, which was derived from double-label measurements of blood volume. Conclusions The double-label measurements of blood volume performed showed that 30 min after the infusion of approximately 20 ml/kg of 5% albumin or 6% hetastarch solution (within 15 min), only mean 38 +/- 21% and 43 +/- 26%, respectively, of the volume applied remained in the intravascular space. Different, i.e., earlier or later, measuring points, different infusion volumes, infusion rates, plasma substitutes, or possibly different tracers for plasma volume measurement might lead to different results concerning the kinetics of fluid or colloid extravasation.

Total blood volume in healthy young and older men

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 2059-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Davy ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume

The primary aim of this investigation was to test the general hypothesis that aging does not influence total blood volume in humans. To accomplish this, we measured supine resting plasma volume (modified Evans blue dye technique) and hematocrit in healthy nonobese young (24.7 +/- 1.2 yr, n = 7) and older (66.1 +/- 1.8 yr, n = 7) men carefully matched for body size and daily energy expenditure. Estimated body fat was greater (23 +/- 2 vs. 17 +/- 1%, P < 0.01) and maximal O2 consumption was lower (32.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 48.7 +/- 1.5 ml.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.001) in the older men than in the young controls. Absolute levels of total blood volume were 24% lower (P < 0.01) in the older men than in the young controls (4,749 +/- 333 vs. 6,234 +/- 318 ml). The lower absolute level of total blood volume in the older men was due to a 21% lower (P < 0.01) plasma volume (2,956 +/- 194 vs. 3,745 +/- 176 ml) and a 28% lower (P < 0.01) erythrocyte volume (1,792 +/- 148 vs. 2,488 +/- 158 ml) than in the young controls. Total blood volume, plasma volume, and erythrocyte volume also were lower (P < 0.01) in the older than in the young men when expressed relative to body weight, body surface area, or estimated fat-free mass. These findings suggest that total blood volume decreases with age in healthy men of similar size and chronic physical activity levels.

Blood Volume Measurement in Baboons: Simultaneous Estimation of Red Cell Volume and Plasma Volume

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-356
Author(s):  
Michael G. Garner ◽  
Andrew F. Phippard ◽  
John S. Horvath ◽  
Geoffrey G. Duggin ◽  
David J. Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume Measurement

Use of Continuous Blood Volume Monitoring to Detect Inadequately High Dry Weight

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lopot ◽  
P. Kotyk ◽  
J. Bláha ◽  
J. Forejt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Status ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Total Body

A continuous blood volume monitoring (CBVM) device (Inline Diagnostics, Riverdale, USA) was used to study response to prescribed ultrafiltration during haemodialysis (HD) in 66 stabilised HD patients. Fifty percent of patients showed the expected linear decrease in BV right from the beginning of HD (group 1), 32% exhibited no decrease at all (group 2), while eighteen percent formed the transient group 3 which showed a plateau of varying length after which a decrease occurred. The correct setting of dry weight was verified through evaluation of the ratio of extracellular fluid volume to total body water (VEC/TBW) in 26 patients by means of whole body multifrequency impedometry MFI (Xitron Tech., San Diego, USA) and through measurement of the Vena Cava Inferior diameter (VCID) pre and post HD (in 6 and 5 patients from groups 1 and 3 and from group 2, respectively). The mean VEC/TBW in groups 1 and 3 was 0.56 pre and 0.51 post HD as compared to 0.583 and 0.551 in group 2. VCID decreased on average by 14.1% in groups 1 and 3 but remained stable in group 2. Both findings thus confirmed inadequately high estimation of dry weight. Since CBVM is extremely easy to perform it can be used as a method of choice in detecting inadequately high prescribed dry weight. The status of the cardiovascular system must always be considered before final judgement is made.

A Study on the Distribution of Body Fluids after Rapid Saline Expansion in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Renal Insufficiency: Preferential Intravascular Deposition in Renal Failure

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik A. Koomans ◽  
Anton B. Geers ◽  
Peter Boer ◽  
Jan C. Roos ◽  
Evert J. Dorhout Mees
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Severe Renal Failure ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

1. The effect of rapid intravenous infusion of 25 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution (saline)/kg body weight on extracellular fluid volume (ECFV, 82Br distribution volume), plasma volume (131I-labelled albumin distribution volume) and blood volume (from plasma volume and packed cell volume) was studied in nine normal subjects and a group of 11 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). 2. Immediately after the infusion, the increases in ECFV were equal in the two groups but the increases in plasma and blood volumes were significantly larger in the patients with ESRD. .3. Ninety minutes after the end of the infusion, the blood volume/ECFV ratio was significantly decreased from the control value in the normal subjects, but slightly increased in the patients with ESRD. 4. It is concluded that in severe renal failure the control of fluid distribution is changed in a way which leads to a preferential distribution of rapidly infused saline into the intravascular compartment.

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