The Sympathetic Nervous System in Short-Term Adaptation to Cold

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc ◽  
C. Roberge ◽  
J. Vallière ◽  
G. Oakson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Rats were adapted to cold by 10-min exposure to −20 °C every hour during daytime for a total of 27 exposures over a period of 3 days. The significant delayed hypothermia observed in these adapted animals when exposed to severe cold (−16 °C) for 4 h was concomitant with only a 15% increase in oxygen consumption over control animals. While some protection against severe cold was observed in rats given 27 injections of 1 μg thyroxine over a 3-day period, the same treatment with 30 μg noradrenaline (NA)/100 g body weight had opposite effects. Urinary NA was increased during the second and third day of adaptation and the excretion during the 4-h test at −16 °C was significantly greater in the adapted than in the control group. No significant changes in adrenaline (A) excretion were observed during the adaptation period. However during the 4-h test at −16 °C, A excretion was four times greater in the control than in the adapted animals. These results could indicate emotional adjustments in animals adapted by intermittent exposures to severe cold (IS adaptation). It might be suggested that adaptation by continuous exposure to moderate cold (CM adaptation) and IS adaptation are both related to catecholamine secretion: in the case of CM adaptation an increased sensitivity to NA would prevail, whereas in IS adaptation a decreased A secretion could be a factor of some importance.

scholarly journals COMPARISON EFFECT OF CV 12, ST 36 AND ST 40 EA ON SHORT TERM ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION IN HIGH FAT DIET RAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Purwo Sri Rejeki ◽  
Harjanto Harjanto ◽  
Raden Argarini ◽  
Imam Subadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term

The aim of this study was to determine the comparative effects of EA (EA) on the CV12, ST36 and ST40 to weight gain prevention over the short-term regulation of energy balance. The study was conducted with a completely randomized design. Rats were divided into five groups: negative control group (no treatment, n=5), positive control (sham EA/back, n=5), EA CV 12 (n=6), EA ST 36 (n=6) and EA ST 40 (n=7). Rats were exposed to high-fat diet for two weeks and EA was simultaneously performed once daily, five days a week for two weeks with 2 Hz, for 10 minutes with continuous wave. Body weight, BMI, front limb circumference and rear were measured during study. Levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL were measured at the end of the study; which reflects the short-term regulation of energy homeostasis. For weight loss, EA CV12, ST36 and ST40 group have lost weight significantly compared to the negative and positive control group. The ST40 group has a significant decrease than ST36 and CV12. The most significant decrease in BMI found in the ST40 group. EA did not affect blood glucose levels, but modulated blood lipid profile. In ST 40 group there was a significant decrease in cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. EA at point ST 40 is potential in preventing increased body weight and BMI in rats exposed to high-fat diet compared to the CV 12 and ST 36. ST 40 is a point with a potential of lowering LDL and triglycerides serum so that it can play a role in the short term regulation of energy homeostasis but also in the prevention of dyslipidemia.

Antecedent short-term central nervous system administration of estrogen and progesterone alters counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in conscious male rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. E1511-E1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darleen A. Sandoval ◽  
Bin Gong ◽  
Stephen N. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that antecedent short-term administration of estradiol or progesterone into the central nervous system (CNS) reduces levels of neuroendocrine counterregulatory hormones during subsequent hypoglycemia. Conscious unrestrained male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied during randomized 2-day experiments. Day 1 consisted of an 8-h lateral ventricle infusion of estradiol (1 μg/μl; n = 9), progesterone (1 μg/μl; n = 9), or saline (0.2 μl/min; n = 10). On day 2, a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (30 pmol·kg−1·min−1) hypoglycemic (2.9 ± 0.2 mM) clamp was performed on all rats. Central administration of estradiol on day 1 resulted in significantly lower plasma epinephrine levels during hypoglycemia compared with saline, whereas central administration of progesterone resulted in increased levels of plasma norepinephrine and decreased levels of corticosterone both at baseline and during hypoglycemia. Glucagon responses during hypoglycemia were unaffected by prior administration of estradiol or progesterone. Endogenous glucose production following day 1 estradiol was significantly lower during day 2 hypoglycemia, and consequently, the glucose infusion rate to maintain the glycemia was significantly greater after estradiol administration compared with saline. These data suggest that 1) CNS administration of both female reproductive hormones can have rapid effects in modulating levels of counterregulatory hormones during subsequent hypoglycemia in conscious male rats, 2) forebrain administration of reproductive hormones can significantly reduce pituitary adrenal and sympathetic nervous system drive during hypoglycemia, 3) reproductive steroid hormones produce differential effects on sympathetic nervous system activity during hypoglycemia, and 4) reduction of epinephrine resulted in significantly blunted metabolic counterregulatory responses during hypoglycemia.

Lack of Influence of the Sympathetic Nervous System on the Calorigenic Response to Thyroxine

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Surtshin ◽  
James K. Cordonnier ◽  
S. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking

Normal rats as well as thyroparathyroidectomized rats concurrently given thyroxine and an adrenergic blocking dose of Dibenzyline show the expected rise in rate of oxygen consumption. After bilateral adrenal demedullation the resting rate of oxygen consumption is not significantly different from normal, and injection of a large dose of thyroxine either with or without concurrent administration of adrenergic blocking doses of Dibenzyline is followed by a significant rise in the rate of oxygen consumption. Our data and other pertinent published data lend support neither to the claim that the calorigenic effect of exogenous thyroxine is dependent upon the presence of normally acting adrenal medullary hormones nor to the claim that the metabolic changes of thyrotoxicosis are due to the physiological effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine as augmented by the thyroid hormones.

Leptin response to short-term fasting in sympathectomized men: role of the SNS

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. E634-E640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Y. Jeon ◽  
Vicki J. Harber ◽  
Robert D. Steadward
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Plasma Leptin

We studied plasma leptin levels in six people with high-lesion spinal cord injury [SCI; body mass index (BMI) 25.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2, age 37 ± 3.0 yr] and six able-bodied (AB) controls (BMI 29.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2, age 35 ± 3.5 yr) before and after 12, 24, and 36 h of fasting. The plasma leptin levels significantly decreased during 36 h fasting by 48.8 ± 4.5% (pre: 11.3 ± 2.3, post: 6.2 ± 1.5 ng/ml) and 38.6 ± 7.9% (pre: 7.6 ± 5.0, post: 4.2 ± 1.0 ng/ml) in SCI and AB, respectively. Plasma leptin started to decrease at 24 h of fasting in the SCI group, whereas plasma leptin started to decrease at 12 h of fasting in the AB group. The current study demonstrated that plasma leptin decreased with fasting in both SCI and AB groups, with the leptin decrease being delayed in the SCI group. The delayed leptin response to fasting in the SCI group may be because of increased fat mass (%body fat, SCI: 33.8 ± 3.0, AB: 24.1 ± 2.9) and sympathetic nervous system dysfunction.

Worksite weight management program

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Pei Kong ◽  
Linda Jok ◽  
Azlee Bin Ayub ◽  
Rawa Ak Bau
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worksite Intervention

Purpose This study aims to pilot test a new multi-component worksite intervention for weight loss in a primary healthcare setting. Design/methodology/approach This randomized trial involved 88 participants (43, 45; intervention, control group). The intervention group enrolled in a 12-week lifestyle program that involved modification of dietary intake by community Registered Dietitian (RDs) and increasing high-intensity interval training (HITT) with motivational interviewing (MI) to support changes. The control group received traditional counselling and weekly aerobic exercise from Medical Officer and physiotherapist. The primary outcome measure was the changes in body weight. Secondary measures were changes in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood lipid and dietary changes. Assessments were repeated at a three-month interval. Findings There was a significant reduction in body weight and waist circumference within groups. Intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in all cardiometabolic risk factors. This study showed that primary healthcare setting can be successful locations in promoting short-term health benefits. RDs were more successful and HITT appeared to be a favorable workout with MI in achieving drastic weight loss. Research limitations/implications The short-term worksite intervention and not recording of body composition were the major drawbacks in this study. Originality/value The efficacy of multi-component worksite intervention (Diet–HITT–MI) in primary healthcare setting has not been clearly defined.

scholarly journals Abortion and Neonatal Mortality in Sheep Poisoned with Tetrapterys multiglandulosa

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Riet-Correa ◽  
F. Riet-Correa ◽  
A. L. Schild ◽  
S. S. Barros ◽  
M. P. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Status Spongiosus ◽  
Group 4

Tetrapterys spp. have been reported as a cause of cardiac fibrosis, status spongiosus of the nervous system, and abortion. To study the intoxication by Tetrapterys multiglandulosa, 24 sheep were divided into 4 experimental groups of 4 sheep each and 1 control group. Groups 1 to 3, respectively, received 1, 1.5, and 3 g/kg body weight of the dry plant daily, starting on the 90th day of pregnancy. Group 4 received 1.5 g/kg from the 120th day of pregnancy to the end of gestation. All sheep from groups 2 and 3, except 1 that was submitted to cesarean delivery, aborted between 110 and 134 days of pregnancy. Seven fetuses had anasarca. Seven lambs from groups 1 and 4 were weak and died or were euthanatized. The other 2 were born weak with mild nervous signs but recovered. Cardiac fibrosis and status spongiosus of the nervous system were observed in newborn lambs and fetuses.

Autonomic Nervous System and Neuroendocrine Changes in Patients with Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia

Cephalalgia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Strittmatter ◽  
MT Grauer ◽  
C Fischer ◽  
G Hamann ◽  
KH Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Trigeminal Pain ◽  
Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

To investigate sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine changes in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, we determined the plasma level of the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, as well as cortisol and ACTH in 16 patients (55.38.3 years) with trigeminal neuralgia at four different times during the day (7.00, 13.00, 17.00 and 23.00). Morning and evening values of plasma norepinephrine as well as the daily mean value (dmv) were significantly higher ( p<0.01) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia than in an age- and gender-matched control group. Moreover, morning, afternoon and dmv epinephrine values were also significantly elevated. The dmv norepinephrine levels correlated with the intensity of the attacks ( r=0.68, p<0.01), the frequency of the attacks ( r=0.75, p<0.01) and the duration of the disease ( r=0.78, p<0.01). In addition to elevated catecholamines, trigeminal neuralgia patients also demonstrated significantly increased morning, evening and daily mean values of plasma cortisol. Thus, patients with trigeminal pain have an increased sympathetic nervous system activity for an extended period of time without a direct link to pain attacks, which suggests that the sympathetic nervous system itself is at least co-activated in trigeminal neuralgia and perhaps plays a role in the induction and maintenance of trigeminal pain. The neuroendocrine changes are similar to cluster headache and point to a central dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, possibly due to the cyclic phenomena in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.

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