Diet and body weight loss in the rat during calorie restriction

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Peter B. Karch ◽  
John R. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

With adult male rats, experiments were carried out to ascertain the different effects, if any, of isocaloric diets high in carbohydrate, fat, or protein fed in restricted amounts of 9 g per rat per day on body weight loss and composition. It was observed that the nature of the diet did not alter rate, amount, or composition of body weight loss when fed in restricted amount for a period of 12 days. Further, the nature of the diet did not alter significantly the following parameters during restriction: water intake, urine volume, resting metabolic rate, spontaneous activity, urine and feces calorie values. In an experiment with hypothalamic-obese rats, the body weight loss and composition were not significantly different among the dietary-restricted groups. An important observation in this experiment was that as body fat decreased markedly owing to restricted feeding, body water increased markedly and counterbalanced approximately 60% of the potential weight loss due to the decrease in body fat. Our reported observations do not support the hypothesis that the composition of the diet may determine the rate and amount of body weight loss as a consequence of restricted food intake. They do support the hypothesis that the calorie intake, not the nature of the source of calories, determines the rate and amount of weight loss, at least for relatively short periods of food restriction.

Effect of environmental temperature on hamster body fat composition

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Kodama ◽  
Nello Pace
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Content

Body fat content and the melting point and fatty acid composition of body fat of hamsters exposed to 35, 27, 20, 15, 10, and 6 C for 2 weeks were determined. The relationship between exposure temperature and body fat content and composition resembled that between environmental temperature and metabolic rate. Below the critical temperature, there was a progressive decrease in total body fat content and melting point accompanied by a decrease in the mole fraction of palmitic acid and an increase in the mole fraction of oleic acid. The softening of body fat in cold-exposed animals appears to be the result of an increased mobilization of depot fat in response to a higher metabolic rate in the cold, a mobilization which is at least partially selective with respect to individual fatty acids or triglycerides. Examination of changes in whole body composition revealed that 72% of the loss in body weight of hamsters exposed to 6 C was due to a decrease in body fat content. In contrast, the decrease in body fat content accounted for only 28% of the body weight loss of pair-fed hamsters kept at 27 C on reduced caloric intake to match the body weight loss experienced by cold-exposed animals. It appears, therefore, that cold exposure induces a more effective fat depot mobilization than does reduced caloric intake. heat exposure; cold exposure; body composition Submitted on February 3, 1964

scholarly journals Effect of sodium in a rehydration beverage when consumed as a fluid or meal

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Ray ◽  
Mark W. Bryan ◽  
Timothy M. Ruden ◽  
Shawn M. Baier ◽  
Rick L. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of fluid composition on rehydration effectiveness, 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) were studied during 2 h of rehydration after a 2.5% body weight loss. In a randomized crossover design, subjects rehydrated with water (H2O), chicken broth (CB: 109.5 mmol/l Na, 25.3 mmol/l K), a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (CE: 16.0 mmol/l Na, 3.3 mmol/l K), and chicken noodle soup (Soup: 333.8 mmol/l Na, 13.7 mmol/l K). Subjects ingested 175 ml at the start of rehydration and 20 min later; H2O was given every 20 min thereafter for a total volume equal to body weight loss during dehydration. At the end of the rehydration period, plasma volume was not significantly different from predehydration values in the CB (−1.6 ± 1.1%) and Soup (−1.4 ± 0.9%) trials. In contrast, plasma volume remained significantly ( P < 0.01) below predehydration values in the H2O (−5.6 ± 1.1%) and CE (−4.2 ± 1.0%) trials after the rehydration period. Urine volume was greater in the CE (310 ± 30 ml) than in the CB (188 ± 20 ml) trial. Urine osmolality was higher in the CB and Soup trials than in the CE trial. Urinary sodium concentration was higher in the Soup and CB trials than in the CE and H2O trials. These results provide evidence that the inclusion of sodium in rehydration beverages, as well as consumption of a sodium-containing liquid meal, increases fluid retention and improves plasma volume restoration.

scholarly journals Liraglutide, a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Which Decreases Hypothalamic 5-HT2A Receptor Expression, Reduces Appetite and Body Weight Independently of Serotonin Synthesis in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Nonogaki ◽  
Takao Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Expression

A recent report suggested that brain-derived serotonin (5-HT) is critical for maintaining weight loss induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation in rats and that 5-HT2A receptors mediate the feeding suppression and weight loss induced by GLP-1 receptor activation. Here, we show that changes in daily food intake and body weight induced by intraperitoneal administration of liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, over 4 days did not differ between mice treated with the tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) for 3 days and mice without PCPA treatment. Treatment with PCPA did not affect hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptor expression. Despite the anorexic effect of liraglutide disappearing after the first day of treatment, the body weight loss induced by liraglutide persisted for 4 days in mice treated with or without PCPA. Intraperitoneal administration of liraglutide significantly decreased the gene expression of hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptors 1 h after injection. Moreover, the acute anorexic effects of liraglutide were blunted in mice treated with the high-affinity 5-HT2A agonist (4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxybenzocyclobuten-1-yl) methylamine hydrobromide 14 h or 24 h before liraglutide injection. These findings suggest that liraglutide reduces appetite and body weight independently of 5-HT synthesis in mice, whereas GLP-1 receptor activation downregulates the gene expression of hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptors.

Influence of long-term exposure to adverse environments on organ weights and histology

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Hale ◽  
Roy B. Mefferd ◽  
Gordon Vawter ◽  
G. Elizabeth Foerster ◽  
Dominic Criscuolo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Temperature Dependency ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Pressure Dependency ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Induced Changes

A comparison was made of the morphological effects of cold, heat and simulated altitude on adult male rats given exposures of 24 weeks' duration. By the use of covariance analysis it was possible to determine the extent to which organ weights were dependent upon body weight and to adjust the values in order to remove body weight influences. For liver, heart and kidney, adjusted weights indicated temperature-dependency, while pressure-dependency was established for liver and kidney only. Histologically, temperature-dependency was indicated for liver, kidney, thyroid, adrenal and pituitary. Fur weight was reduced in heat but not altered in cold. Fasting in cold induced changes in adrenal and thymus weight and unusually high body weight loss; in heat, fasting caused a significant thymus weight loss without adrenal weight increase. The thymus-adrenal ratio was elevated during a 24-hour fast in all environments except cold, where it was decreased.

scholarly journals Some results of winter keeping of paddlefish young-of-the-year (Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)) in ponds of the Forest-Steppe and Polesye of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
B. Hankevych ◽  
◽  
O. Tretiak ◽  
O. Kolos ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Young Of The Year

Purpose. Assessing the results of winter keeping of paddlefish young-of-the-year in ponds of the Forest-steppe and Polesye of Ukraine. Methodology. The study was carried out using 0.05-1.0 ha ponds intended for winter keeping of carps. The stocking density of paddlefish young-of-the-year with an average weight of 94.2-147.2 g in wintering ponds was 4.10-16.63 thousand fish/ha. The study of the physicochemical parameters of the aquatic environment was carried out according to the methods generally accepted in hydrochemistry and fish farming. The main piscicultural-biological parameters during the wintering period of fish were assessed using methods commonly used in ichthyology and fish farming according to the level of survival and body weight loss of paddlefish. Findings. The environmental conditions in the ponds during most of the wintering period of fish met the biological requirements of the studied object of cultivation. The water temperature varied within 0.9-6.50C. The dissolved oxygen content in water did not fall below 3.6-3.8 mgO2/dm3 and was mainly at the level of 3.9-7.9 3.9-7.2 mgO2/dm3. Other hydrochemical parameters were within acceptable values ​​for wintering fish in pond conditions. As a result, the survival rate of paddlefish young-of-the-year during the wintering period was 81.5-89.7%. The body weight loss of fish during the winter keeping was on average in the range of 6.41-8.17%. A conclusion was made on the need to conduct additional studies of physiological and biochemical parameters of paddlefish during the wintering period. Originality. New data were obtained on the peculiarities of wintering of paddlefish seeds in ponds of the Forest-steppe and Polesye of Ukraine. Practical value. The study results are part of the database for the development of improved technologies for sturgeon breeding in Ukraine. Key words: paddlefish, fish seeds, pond aquaculture, fish wintering, environmental conditions, piscicultural parameters.

scholarly journals Therapy of obesity by sibutramin: polymorphisms of TPH2 and GNB3 genes and decrease of body weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Marina O. Galieva ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Nataliya V. Mazurina ◽  
Anna P. Volynkina ◽  
Andrey V. Artiushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tph2 Gene

Aims. To study of the polymorphisms of the TPN2 and GNB3 genes in obese patients and their effect on weight loss in patients on sibutramine therapy. Materials and methods. The research study included 118 patients with exogenous-constitutional obesity who received Reduxin (sibutramine + CMC) at the dose of 10 mg. Term follow-up was 3 months. A genetic study was performed to assess ТРН2 and GNB3 gene polymorphisms. The response to the therapy was evaluated after 3 months by the dynamics of body weight. Results. In the study the G703T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene showed that during 3 months of observation, carriers of the TT genotype had a greater decrease in body weight in comparison with carriers of the allele C -8 kg (-12; -5) vs. -5 kg (-8; -3), p = 0.018. In carriers of different variants of the genotype of the TPH2 gene (polymorphism C825T), there was no difference in body weight dynamics with sibutramine therapy. There was no correlation between the foresaid polymorphisms of the TPH2 and GNB3 genes with the indices of blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusions. 1. The result of sibutramin therapy may depend on genetic factors: in carriers of the TT-genotype C825T of the GNB3 gene the body weight loss was higher than among the carriers of the C allele. 2. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate did not show any statistically significant relationship with polymorphisms of the TPH2 and GNB3 genes.

Diuretic activity of ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa (Linn.) leaf in normal male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa T. Yakubu ◽  
Adenike M Oyagoke ◽  
Luqman A. Quadri ◽  
Anthonia O. Agboola ◽  
Hussein O.B. Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa

Background: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf (EEMJL) has been used in the folk medicine of Nigeria as diuretics without any scientific evidence.Aim: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight was investigated for diuretic activity in male Wistar rats.Setting: Fresh leaf of M. jalapa was collected from a farmland at the Alanamu area in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, authenticated and processed for the study.Methods: Thirty male rats (231.50 g ± 13.51 g) were assigned into five groups (A–E) of six rats each. Rats in group A (control) received 1.0 mL of physiological saline (the vehicle). Animals in groups B (positive control), C, D and E received 1.0 mL equivalent to 100 mg/kg body weight of furosemide, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of EEMJL, respectively. All administrations were done by oral gavage. The animals were monitored for indicators of diuresis for 5 h using standard methods.Results: Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf dose-dependently increased (p < 0.05) urine volume, urine concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl− and decreased (p < 0.05) the body weight of the animals. Ethanol extract of Mirabilis jalapa leaf increased the urine pH, saliuretic activity, saliuretic index, Na+ index, K+ index, Cl− index, diuretic action (diuretic index), kaliuretic index, Lipschitz value and percentage saline load excreted, whereas the latency of urination, natriuretic index, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity and carbonic anhydrase inhibition index were decreased. The EEMJL treatment-related changes in these parameters were essentially similar to those of the furosemide-treated animals.Conclusion: This study has thus validated diuretic activity of M. jalapa leaf with the 600 mg/kg body weight of EEMJL being the most effective.

The Body Weight Loss And Core Temperature Regulation During And After Ultramarathon Running

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Fong Chou Kuo ◽  
Kai Yang Tseng ◽  
Jin Jong Chen ◽  
Shun Ping Lin ◽  
Wei Fong Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body

Some factors associated with the behaviour and survival of newly shorn sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Hutchinson ◽  
BH McRae
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Mortality Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Sheep deaths in the 12-day period following shearing were related to a high rate of body weight loss during the 4 weeks before shearing. The body weight or body condition of sheep at shearing was unimportant. Mortality level was not influenced by the amount of herbage available after shearing although the grazing activities of the survivors increased. Mortality was associated with a massive infiltration of lipid into the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.The shorn sheep spent more time standing and less time grazing during the night. These results are discussed in relation to possible management practices to reduce sheep losses.

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