METABOLIC ADJUSTMENTS TO LOW TEMPERATURES IN NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Resting Metabolism

Characteristics of cold acclimation in shaved New Zealand white adult rabbits kept individually at 6 °C for 3–5 weeks were (i) a 40% increase in food consumption, (ii) maintenance of body weight, (iii) a 45% increase in resting metabolism measured at 28 °C, (iv) an almost complete disappearance of shivering, (v) increased cold resistance, (vi) failure to cut off increased heat production when abruptly returned to 28 °C, and (vii) a maximum increase of 41% in oxygen consumption after noradrenaline infusion at 28 °C of doses varying between 1.18 and 9.44 μg/kg per min. Rats acclimated to 6 °C showed a maximum increase of 113% in their oxygen consumption when infused with similar doses of noradrenaline varying between 1.34 and 10.72 μg/kg per min. The conclusion is reached that in rabbits which usually rely on thick fur for protection against cold, the primary metabolic adjustments in these animals when they are shaved are a rise in basal metabolism and an increase of the same order in noradrenaline sensitivity.

Developmental Toxicity of Cumene Vapor in Cd Rats and New Zealand White Rabbits

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth I. Darmer ◽  
Teresa L. Neeper-Bradley ◽  
Janette R. Cushman ◽  
Carl R. Morris ◽  
Barbara O. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

The potential developmental toxicity of cumene vapor (99.9% pure) was assessed in pregnant CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats and New Zealand White rabbits exposed for 6 h per day by inhalation, the most relevant route of potential human exposure. Groups of 25 rats were exposed on gestational days (GD) 6–15 to concentrations of 0 (filtered air), 100, 500, or 1200 ppm, and groups of 15 rabbits were exposed on GD 6–18 to 0, 500, 1200, and 2300 ppm cumene vapor. In rats, reduced maternal body weight gain and increased relative liver weight was observed at 1200 ppm cumene. In rats and rabbits, reduced food consumption was observed at concentrations of 500 and 1200 ppm. A t 2300 ppm, 2 rabbits died, body weight gain and food consumption were reduced during the exposure period, and relative liver weights were increased. None of the gestational parameters, including numbers of viable implantations per litter, sex ratio, and fetal body weights, were affected at any exposure level in rats or rabbits. There were no treatment-related increases in incidences of external, visceral, or skeletal malformations or in the incidences of variations at any level. Thus, in rats, the no observable adverse effect level (NO A EL) for maternal toxicity was 100 ppm and the NO A EL for developmental toxicity was 1200 ppm, the highest concentration of cumene vapor tested. In rabbits, there was no NO A EL for maternal toxicity, but the NO A EL for developmental toxicity was 2300 ppm for cumene, the highest concentration tested. Therefore, even at exposure levels associated with maternal toxicity, cumene was not a developmental toxicant by inhalation exposure in either rats or rabbits.

Panting in small mammals: a comparison of two marsupials and the laboratory rabbit

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Nicol ◽  
M. Maskrey
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Laboratory Rabbit ◽  
Potorous Tridactylus

By use of a barometric technique, tidal volume (VT), minute volume (VE), respiratory frequency (f), and respiratory evaporative heat loss (Eex) were measured from conscious unrestrained potoroos (Potorous tridactylus), barred bandicoots (Perameles gunnii), and New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) at temperatures in and above the thermoneutral zone (TNZ). Rectal temperature (Tre) and oxygen consumption were also measured. VT initially decreased with rising Ta, but in the potoroo and rabbit it then increased past the resting level. VE increased much more in the marsupials than in the rabbit, and higher Eex maxima were also found for the marsupials. The marsupials had high Q10's above the TNZ, and had a panting efficiency of 80%. The rabbits had a Q10 of 1.9 above the TNZ and 100% panting efficiency. The high VE and Eex and low panting efficiency of the marsupials may be due to their lower Tre which allows transfer of heat from the environment to the animal.

THE RELATION BETWEEN THERMAL HISTORY AND COLD RESISTANCE IN CERTAIN SPECIES OF RODENTS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sanford Hart
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

Acclimation of deer mice, white mice, and rats to lower temperatures progressively increased the time to death (resistance time), and lowered the temperature producing death in a given time (resistance temperature). A lower limit to acclimation was reached at 1° to −10 °C. for mice. Sex and body weight affected cold resistance to only a minor extent. Average lethal heat debts were 20 to 24 cal. per gm. for deer mice and white mice. Rats were more resistant than deer mice, and deer mice were more resistant than white mice to low temperatures. No difference in pelage insulation was found in deer mice acclimated to 10° or 30 °C.

Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism in Adult Lepidoptera

1938 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Kozhantshikov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Direct Use

The results of the present investigation can be summarised as follows :—1. Carbohydrate metabolism in females of all the species studied (except Operophthera brumata) shows a definite dependence on the period of maturation. The greatest quantity of sugar is consumed during the first 4–5 days after emergence. During the period of gonad maturation both the body weight and the oxygen consumption are increased. During the period of oviposition the oxygen consumption is increased once more, but the sugar consumption remains at a low level till death, while the body weight decreases.2. Sugar (glucose and saccharose) is completely digested when taken in solutions of 5–40 per cent. concentration ; the increase of the body weight during the period of maturation is due to fat synthesis for the formation of egg-yolk. Moths fed on concentrated sugar solutions (of about 20–40 per cent.) show an increased fat content not only before the period of oviposition but even after laying a large quantity of eggs (over 1,000 in Agrotis segetum). In starved moths a nearly complete disappearance of fat was observed at the end of life.3. The quantity of eggs deposited by starved Agrotis females is greatly reduced ; but such reduction is much less marked in some females of Loxostege sticticalis and almost negligible in Pyrausta nubilalis. Eggs deposited by starved Agrotis females do not complete their embryonic development, the embryos dying before hatching. Agrotis females fed on water only or with 5 per cent. glucose solution produce such “sterile” eggs only to some extent (about 40–50 per cent.). A sufficient food supply (20–40 per cent. solution of glucose) causes a complete absence of “sterile” eggs.4. The daily readings of the gaseous metabolism 8–10 hours after feeding, for the females fed on glucose, showed an inconsiderable difference as compared with those for starved moths. The respiratory quotient was variable and sometimes very low (0·50–0·60), but on the average somewhat higher than in starved females ; the oxygen consumption showed great variability also and increased in the average only.5. The readings of the gaseous metabolism directly after feeding showed definite changes. The respiratory quotient was highly increased by a great increase in carbon dioxide production ; it reached an average of 1·50–1·60 and a maximum of 2·09. Oxygen consumption was not considerably increased.6. Changes in the respiratory quotient show a peculiar metabolic phase after carbohydrate nutrition which is due to fat synthesis. The fat synthesis of carbohydrates results in a decrease in oxygen consumption, because the oxygen liberated by the fat synthesis reaction is used.7. Carbohydrate metabolism in adult Lepidoptera is highly specialised. The most common type in insects is represented by the combined direct use of carbohydrates and partly by the synthesis of fat ; usually fat synthesis causes no great change in the respiratory quotient. In adult bees the importance of fat synthesis is reduced and the metabolism is restricted to the direct use of carbohydrates ; in the adult Lepidoptera, on the contrary, the direct use of sugar is not developed.8. The biological importance of the specialisation of carbohydrate metabolism in adult Lepidoptera is evident. Fat is used partly to form the egg-yolk, and therefore carbohydrate nutrition is directly connected with fertility. On the other hand, by using a large quantity of sugar solution (sometimes more than 40 per cent. of the body weight) the live weight could be rapidly reduced owing to fat synthesis.

scholarly journals Annona muricata L. Suppresses Stannous Chloride Effects through Changing Hematological Parameters in Male New Zealand White Rabbits

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Marfoua. S. Ali ◽  
Fayrouz A. Khaled ◽  
Hajir Sh Saloumah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Background: Annona muricata. L has a wide range of therapeutic characteristics and is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) are widely used in daily life and distributed in many tissues and nutrients. Although over-ingestion of SnCl2, can cause health problems, relatively little attention has been given to the toxic effects of this compound in livestock health and hematological parameters. This study was designed to study protective roles of A. muricata L. against SnCl2 effects through alleviating hematological disturbances in adult male New-Zealand white rabbits. Materials and Methods: Four rabbits per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 0 mg A. muricata and 0 mg SnCl2/kg BW (control); 100 mg of A. muricata /kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2/kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2 plus 100 mg of A. muricata /kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered the respective doses every other day for 10 weeks. Results: The obtained results showed that A. muricata alone caused increase in body weight, relative weight of liver, lung, heart and kidney. It also caused increase hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) level and number of platelets (PLT) compared to control. However, treatment with A. muricata was caused significant decrease in white blood cell counts (WBCs) and non-significant decrease in red blood cell counts (RBCs), mean cell volume (MCV). Meanwhile, treatment with SnCl2 was lead to adverse effect on the body weight and relative organs weight practically spleen. It was caused significant increase in WBCs, MCV compared to control. The rest of hematological parameters (RBCs, PCV, PLT, Hb and MCHC) were significantly decreased, which indicated to cause anemia. Previous parameters were returned to normal values in group that treatment with A. muricata plus SnCl2. In term of bone marrow smear, all smears are similar in terms of numbers and types of cells. Conclusion: Results of the present study convincingly demonstrated that SnCl2 exposure resulted in varying degree of hematological parameters of rabbits. A. muricata has been promise as nutritional supplements to help prevent disorders involving SnCl2 induced these effects. Thus A. muricata may be helpful to combat SnCl2 associated sufferings in human as well as animal.

scholarly journals Seasonal differences in resting oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, and free thyroxine in woodchucks

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. R963-R969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Rawson ◽  
Patrick W. Concannon ◽  
Paul J. Roberts ◽  
Bud C. Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
Autumnal Equinox

The relationships among seasonal differences in body weight, food intake, metabolism, and thyroid hormone in woodchucks were investigated in 12 woodchucks. Six woodchucks had been maintained on a photoperiod simulating that found at 42°N (boreal woodchucks). The other group of six animals had been maintained similarly in all respects except that the light simulated that found at 42°S (austral woodchucks). An open-flow respirometer, calibrated using the N2-dilution method, was used to determine metabolism twice in a 2-wk period near the September equinox, while at the same time food intake, body weight, and free thyroxine concentrations (fT4) were measured. Body weight was the same for both groups of woodchucks. However, compared with boreal animals near their autumnal equinox, austral woodchucks near their vernal equinox had significantly higher ( P < 0.01) daily food intake (5 ± 2 vs. 35 ± 2 g ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1), oxygen consumption (4.4 ± 0.3 vs. 7.3 ± 0.3 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1), carbon dioxide production (2.8 ± 0.2 vs. 6.0 ± 0.2 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1), respiratory quotient (0.65 ± 0.01 vs. 0.82 ± 0.02), and fT4 (0.21 ± 0.01 vs. 0.65 ± 0.05 ng/dl). It was concluded that photoperiod has a strong effect on resting metabolism in the woodchuck and that there is an association between fT4 and changes in food intake and metabolic rate.

Bone Response to Beta-methasone and Cortisol

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
N. L. Dockum ◽  
D. B. Murphy ◽  
W. S. S. Jee
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Analyses of undecalcified, decalcified, and plastic embedded bone specimens made by Jee following administration of Cortisol indicated a shift in the osteoclast versus osteoblast relationship with increased osteoclasts and a decrease in trabecular bone in the femur. Dockum and Jee reported daily injections of rats with 0.5 μCi of Pu239 for 3 to 7 days caused a shift in the osteoclast/osteoblast ratio increasing the number of osteoclasts to osteoblasts with a reduction in the amount of trabecular bone in the distal femur.Berliner et al., found that fluocinolone acetonide elicited changes in fibroblasts, namely, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum with the appearance of intracellular dense bodies.Fourteen six-week-old New Zealand white rabbits divided into two rabbits per group were given betamethasone in daily doses of 0.004, 0.012, 0.036, 0.100 and 0.300 mg/Kg of body weight for twenty days; one group received 1 mg/kg of Cortisol and one group served as controls.

scholarly journals Distribution of Radioactivity in Bone and Related Structures following Administration of [14C]Dalbavancin to New Zealand White Rabbits

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 3008-3010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Solon ◽  
James A. Dowell ◽  
Jonghui Lee ◽  
S. Peter King ◽  
Bharat D. Damle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Bone And Joint Infections ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

ABSTRACT Penetration of dalbavancin into noninfected bone and joint tissues was assessed after an intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg (of body weight) [14C]dalbavancin given to rabbits. Drug-derived radioactivity, determined over 14 days by either liquid scintillation counting or autoradiography, remained above the MIC for common gram-positive pathogens that cause bone and joint infections.

scholarly journals Production performance of HyCole, New Zealand White Rabbits and its reciprocal

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Bram Brahmantiyo ◽  
Yono C. Raharjo ◽  
L. H. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Size At Birth

New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) has been known as broiler rabbit that has been well adapted in Indonesia. HyCole rabbits were imported from France that were selected for high reproduction and growth rate. This study was aimed to evaluate the productivity of HyCole and New Zealand White rabbits and their reciprocal as the basis to develop broiler rabbit which adaptive to tropical climate. Forty heads of doe (P<sub>B</sub>P<sub>B</sub>) and 17 heads of buck (P<sub>A</sub>P<sub>A</sub>) of HyCole rabbit, and 30 heads of doe and 6 heads of buck of New Zealand White rabbits (NN) were used. The ration was given according to IRIAP standard ration (18 % CP, 2500 kcal ME/kg and 14 % CF). The diet was provided in the morning and the evening, and drinking water was provided ad libitum. Reproductive performance of does (litter size at birth, litter size at wean, mortality and weekly does body weight) and the kit’s growth performance (weekly body weight from weaning until the age of 20 weeks) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the SAS program (SAS 2001). Rabbits growth data were periodically analyzed by Gompertz model (Blasco &amp; Gomez 1993). HyCole rabbit which was bred in Indonesia had production performance better than NZW rabbit and P<sub>A</sub>N crossbred (HyCole bucks x NZW does) had the potential to be bred as superior rabbit adaptive to tropical climate because they had hybrid vigor of the number of litter size at birth and kit’s growth rate.

Population analysis to assess the influence of age and body weight on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in New Zealand White rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Justyna Warzybok ◽  
Agnieszka Bienert ◽  
Agnieszka Borsuk‐De Moor ◽  
Włodzimierz Płotek ◽  
Karolina Kulińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document