Population analysis to assess the influence of age and body weight on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in New Zealand White rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Justyna Warzybok ◽  
Agnieszka Bienert ◽  
Agnieszka Borsuk‐De Moor ◽  
Włodzimierz Płotek ◽  
Karolina Kulińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

scholarly journals Annona muricata L. Suppresses Stannous Chloride Effects through Changing Hematological Parameters in Male New Zealand White Rabbits

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Marfoua. S. Ali ◽  
Fayrouz A. Khaled ◽  
Hajir Sh Saloumah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Background: Annona muricata. L has a wide range of therapeutic characteristics and is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Stannous chloride (SnCl2) are widely used in daily life and distributed in many tissues and nutrients. Although over-ingestion of SnCl2, can cause health problems, relatively little attention has been given to the toxic effects of this compound in livestock health and hematological parameters. This study was designed to study protective roles of A. muricata L. against SnCl2 effects through alleviating hematological disturbances in adult male New-Zealand white rabbits. Materials and Methods: Four rabbits per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 0 mg A. muricata and 0 mg SnCl2/kg BW (control); 100 mg of A. muricata /kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2/kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2 plus 100 mg of A. muricata /kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered the respective doses every other day for 10 weeks. Results: The obtained results showed that A. muricata alone caused increase in body weight, relative weight of liver, lung, heart and kidney. It also caused increase hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) level and number of platelets (PLT) compared to control. However, treatment with A. muricata was caused significant decrease in white blood cell counts (WBCs) and non-significant decrease in red blood cell counts (RBCs), mean cell volume (MCV). Meanwhile, treatment with SnCl2 was lead to adverse effect on the body weight and relative organs weight practically spleen. It was caused significant increase in WBCs, MCV compared to control. The rest of hematological parameters (RBCs, PCV, PLT, Hb and MCHC) were significantly decreased, which indicated to cause anemia. Previous parameters were returned to normal values in group that treatment with A. muricata plus SnCl2. In term of bone marrow smear, all smears are similar in terms of numbers and types of cells. Conclusion: Results of the present study convincingly demonstrated that SnCl2 exposure resulted in varying degree of hematological parameters of rabbits. A. muricata has been promise as nutritional supplements to help prevent disorders involving SnCl2 induced these effects. Thus A. muricata may be helpful to combat SnCl2 associated sufferings in human as well as animal.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Tramadol in Thermoreversible Gels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Zampoli Boava Papini ◽  
Cíntia Maria Saia Cereda ◽  
José Pedrazzoli Júnior ◽  
Silvana Aparecida Calafatti ◽  
Daniele Ribeiro de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Thermoreversible Gels ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Almost All

We evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) induced by new formulations of tramadol (TR) in thermoreversible gels. The poloxamer- (PL-) tramadol systems were prepared by direct dispersion of the drug in solutions with PL 407 and PL 188. The evaluated formulations were as follows: F1: TR 2% in aqueous solution and F2: PL 407 (20%) + PL 188 (10%) + TR 2%; F3: PL 407 (25%) + PL 188 (5%) + TR 2%; F4: PL 407 (20%) + TR 2%. New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6) and treated by subcutaneous route with F1, F2, F3, or F4 (10 μg·kg−1). PK evaluation used TR and M1 plasma levels. PD evaluation was performed with the measurement of both pupils’ diameters. F2 showed higher TR plasma concentration after 180 minutes and presented lower M1 concentrations at almost all evaluated periods. Areas under the curve (ASC0–480 and ASC0–∞) and clearance of F2 presented differences compared to F1. F2 presented significant correlation (Pearson correlation) between the enhancement of TR and M1 concentrations and the decrease of pupil size (miosis). Thus, F2 was effective in altering pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics effects of TR.

Bone Response to Beta-methasone and Cortisol

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
N. L. Dockum ◽  
D. B. Murphy ◽  
W. S. S. Jee
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Analyses of undecalcified, decalcified, and plastic embedded bone specimens made by Jee following administration of Cortisol indicated a shift in the osteoclast versus osteoblast relationship with increased osteoclasts and a decrease in trabecular bone in the femur. Dockum and Jee reported daily injections of rats with 0.5 μCi of Pu239 for 3 to 7 days caused a shift in the osteoclast/osteoblast ratio increasing the number of osteoclasts to osteoblasts with a reduction in the amount of trabecular bone in the distal femur.Berliner et al., found that fluocinolone acetonide elicited changes in fibroblasts, namely, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum with the appearance of intracellular dense bodies.Fourteen six-week-old New Zealand white rabbits divided into two rabbits per group were given betamethasone in daily doses of 0.004, 0.012, 0.036, 0.100 and 0.300 mg/Kg of body weight for twenty days; one group received 1 mg/kg of Cortisol and one group served as controls.

scholarly journals Distribution of Radioactivity in Bone and Related Structures following Administration of [14C]Dalbavancin to New Zealand White Rabbits

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 3008-3010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Solon ◽  
James A. Dowell ◽  
Jonghui Lee ◽  
S. Peter King ◽  
Bharat D. Damle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Bone And Joint Infections ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

ABSTRACT Penetration of dalbavancin into noninfected bone and joint tissues was assessed after an intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg (of body weight) [14C]dalbavancin given to rabbits. Drug-derived radioactivity, determined over 14 days by either liquid scintillation counting or autoradiography, remained above the MIC for common gram-positive pathogens that cause bone and joint infections.

METABOLIC ADJUSTMENTS TO LOW TEMPERATURES IN NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Heroux
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Resting Metabolism

Characteristics of cold acclimation in shaved New Zealand white adult rabbits kept individually at 6 °C for 3–5 weeks were (i) a 40% increase in food consumption, (ii) maintenance of body weight, (iii) a 45% increase in resting metabolism measured at 28 °C, (iv) an almost complete disappearance of shivering, (v) increased cold resistance, (vi) failure to cut off increased heat production when abruptly returned to 28 °C, and (vii) a maximum increase of 41% in oxygen consumption after noradrenaline infusion at 28 °C of doses varying between 1.18 and 9.44 μg/kg per min. Rats acclimated to 6 °C showed a maximum increase of 113% in their oxygen consumption when infused with similar doses of noradrenaline varying between 1.34 and 10.72 μg/kg per min. The conclusion is reached that in rabbits which usually rely on thick fur for protection against cold, the primary metabolic adjustments in these animals when they are shaved are a rise in basal metabolism and an increase of the same order in noradrenaline sensitivity.

scholarly journals Production performance of HyCole, New Zealand White Rabbits and its reciprocal

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Bram Brahmantiyo ◽  
Yono C. Raharjo ◽  
L. H. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Size At Birth

New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) has been known as broiler rabbit that has been well adapted in Indonesia. HyCole rabbits were imported from France that were selected for high reproduction and growth rate. This study was aimed to evaluate the productivity of HyCole and New Zealand White rabbits and their reciprocal as the basis to develop broiler rabbit which adaptive to tropical climate. Forty heads of doe (P<sub>B</sub>P<sub>B</sub>) and 17 heads of buck (P<sub>A</sub>P<sub>A</sub>) of HyCole rabbit, and 30 heads of doe and 6 heads of buck of New Zealand White rabbits (NN) were used. The ration was given according to IRIAP standard ration (18 % CP, 2500 kcal ME/kg and 14 % CF). The diet was provided in the morning and the evening, and drinking water was provided ad libitum. Reproductive performance of does (litter size at birth, litter size at wean, mortality and weekly does body weight) and the kit’s growth performance (weekly body weight from weaning until the age of 20 weeks) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the SAS program (SAS 2001). Rabbits growth data were periodically analyzed by Gompertz model (Blasco &amp; Gomez 1993). HyCole rabbit which was bred in Indonesia had production performance better than NZW rabbit and P<sub>A</sub>N crossbred (HyCole bucks x NZW does) had the potential to be bred as superior rabbit adaptive to tropical climate because they had hybrid vigor of the number of litter size at birth and kit’s growth rate.

Growth and Carcass Traits of Burgundy Fawn, Flemish Giant and New Zealand White Rabbits and their Crosses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Derewicka ◽  
D. Maj ◽  
S. Pałka ◽  
J. Bieniek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of genotypes on the growth and slaughter traits of Burgundy Fawn (BF), Flemish Giant (FG) and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits and their crosses. Body weight was recorded from birth to slaughter on the 84th day of life. On the 84thday of life, significantly smaller body weight was recorded in pure bred NZW rabbits (2116 g), while the body weights of purebred FG rabbits (2957 g) were significantly heavier than rabbits with other genotypes. The highest dressing out percentage was obtained for BF rabbits and for BF × FG crosses. It was found that crossing of BF or NZW females with FG males results in a high final body weight and dressing out percentage; therefore, such crossing should be recommended for the production of slaughter rabbits.

scholarly journals Age, Sex and Body Weight Related Echocardiographic Parameters of Clinically Healthy New Zealand White Rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Gurkan Dilek ◽  
Hasan Erden
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Fractional Shortening ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

Background: Echocardiography provides useful additional information on cardiac dimensions including heart wall and dimension of the ventricles, atria and conditions. Rabbits have been diagnosed with cardiac diseases, and an understanding of the animals’ cardiac chamber dimensions is vital in assessing the diseases’ severity and prognoses. Changes in cardiac dimensions due to age related and body weight were determined at different animals. The increased incidence of congenital cardiovascular anomalies makes it essential to establish the diagnosis at an early age. The aims of this study 1) establish normal values for the commonly used two-dimensional (2D) M-mode parameters using pre anaesthetics and 2) evaluate the effects of age, sex, and body weight on echocardiographic parameters in clinically healthy New Zealand rabbits.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study we used 49 New Zealand white rabbits (25 male, 24 female) all reared under the same conditions. A general physical and clinical examination including complete blood count was performed for each animal. Body surface area was calculated as BSA= 0.00718 × Height 0.725 × Weight 0.425. Rabbits were sedated with midazolam before echocardiographic examination was performed. Echocardiographic examination was performed using a DC 6-Vet® (Mindray, PRC) ultrasonographic device equipped with a micro-convex 8 MHz probe. Right parasternal short-axis view, B-mode and two-dimensional guided M-mode parameters were measured. Echocardiographic measurements were performed using leading-edge-to-leading-edge conventions outlined by the American Society of Echocardiography. Statistical analyses were employed using the SPSS 19.0 program. Sex had no significant effect on the measured echocardiographic parameters except in the case of interventricular septum thickness in diastole values of the three-month-old rabbits. The increase in the left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters, E- point to septal separation, diastolic aortic root parameters for the three, six, and nine-month-old groups indicated persistent anatomic heart enlargement. However, it was also discovered that the fractional shortening percentage of the left ventricle and diastolic diameters of left atrium:aortic root  were unrelated to age and weight.Discussion: New Zealand rabbits are an important model for cardiovascular research, mainly as they are small and relatively inexpensive however large enough to allow anatomical and physiological experiments. Different ages and sizes of New Zealand rabbits showed no significant difference in fractional shortening despite heart enlargement. The ejection fraciton, which can be calculated from the left ventricular dimensions via M-mode echocardiography, is another parameter of cardiac function. Our echocardiograph calculated the ejection fraction automatically using the Teicholz formula. It was further observed that three-month-old rabbits ejection fraction of the left ventricle was higher than that of the six and nine-month-old rabbits. This might indicate the necessity of periodical analysis of echocardiographic parameters. Transthoracic echocardiography can be considered an applicable method for cardiovascular research using a growing rabbit animal model after appropriate adjustments for age, sex and body size. These findings give a better understanding of the functional changes investigated by echocardiography in rabbits and will be helpful when evaluating echocardiographic data in small experimental animals.

scholarly journals Effects of Cisapride, Buprenorphine, and Their Combination on Gastrointestinal Transit in New Zealand White Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Erica R Feldman ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
Noah G Mishkin ◽  
Erica R Lachenauer ◽  
Manuel Martin-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Fecal Output ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Gi Transit

Due to their effective analgesic properties, opioids are worthy of consideration for pain management in rabbits. However, this class of drugs causes undesirable effects including reduced gastrointestinal (GI) motility, reduced fecal output, and delays GI transit times and thus increases the risk of GI stasis. The risk of stasis discourages the use of opioids in rabbits, which could affect animal welfare. Gastroprokinetic agents such as cisapride are effective in promoting gastric emptying in many species, but whether this effect occurs in rabbits is unknown. This study assessed the efficacy of cisapride when administered as a single agent and in combination with buprenorphine in rabbits; efficacy was assessed by measuring GI transit times, fecal output, body weight, and food and water intake. Female New Zealand White rabbits (n = 10) were studied in a crossover, randomized design and received either vehicle and buprenorphine, cisapride and saline, cisapride and buprenorphine, or vehicle and saline (control) every 8 h for 2 d. Rabbits were anesthetized and administered radio-opaque, barium-filled spheres via orogastric tube. Feces was assessed via radiography for detection of the barium-spheres to determine GI transit time. GI transit time was significantly longer in buprenorphine groups than in control groups, regardless of the use of cisapride. Fecal output and food and water intake were lower for buprenorphine groups than control groups. Cisapride did not significantly alter GI transit, fecal output, or food and water intake. In addition, treatment group did not significantly affect body weight. In conclusion, buprenorphine treatment (0.03 mg/kg TID) prolonged GI transit time and reduced fecal output and food and water consumption in rabbits. Coadministration of buprenorphine and cisapride (0.5 mg/kg) did not ameliorate these effects, and the administration of cisapride at this dose did not appear to affect GI motility in female rabbits.

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