A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF PITRESSIN AND SEROTONIN IN THE MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED HYPOTHERMIC RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
J. Hunter ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Isolated Organs ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

It was shown previously that warming the exteriorized kidneys, along with the infusion of Pitressin in hypophysectomized cooled rats, gave excellent maintenance of blood pressure at low body temperatures. Infusions of saline perfusates of kidney and heart into hypophysectomized cooled rats were ineffective by themselves but, combined with the infusion of Pitressin, gave good maintenance of blood pressure at low body temperatures. Since some clotting may have occurred in blood remaining in the organs when the isolated organs were perfused it was necessary to test the effectiveness of an agent released during clotting, namely, serotonin. By itself serotonin had no effect on blood pressure in hypothermic hypophysectomized rats down to a body temperature of 20 °C, at which temperature it had a striking pressor action. When Pitressin and serotonin were infused together, the blood pressure was well maintained in hypophysectomized cooled rats down to a body temperature of 16 °C. These experiments indicate the importance of Pitressin, and the interaction of Pitressin with other factors, in maintaining blood pressure in hypothermic animals.

A STUDY OF BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSES DURING HYPOTHERMIA IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hunter ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Renal Vessels ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Cooling Procedure ◽  
Intact Rats

When intact rats are cooled, the blood pressure is well maintained down to a body temperature of 22 °C, below which it rapidly falls. When hypophysectomized rats are cooled the reduction in blood pressure bears a linear relation to the body temperature. The infusion of Pitressin into hypophysectomized animals during the cooling procedure restores the blood pressure – body temperature relationship to that seen in intact rats. This occurs whether or not the renal vessels are ligated and hence appears to be independent of renal factors. However, when the kidneys are exteriorized and warmed and, at the same time, Pitressin is infused into the hypophysectomized cooled rats, there is an excellent maintenance of blood pressure at the lower body temperatures, the blood pressure being 110 mm Hg when the body temperature is 12 °C. Infusions of angiotensin II and of renin also are effective in maintaining blood pressure in hypothermic hypophysectomized animals. This effect of renin is not influenced by exteriorizing and warming the kidneys, hence the enhancement of the effect of Pitressin by this procedure is not a consequence of the warming alone. Warming the exteriorized kidneys may release some factor or cause some change which, in the presence of Pitressin, effectively maintains blood pressure at low body temperatures.

Effects of Reserpine on the Fowl

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Sturkie ◽  
Wayne K. Durfee ◽  
Mary Sheahan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
General Behavior ◽  
Intramuscular Injections

The effects of intramuscular injections of reserpine (Serpasil) on blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and general behavior were determined on adult white leghorn capons 4 hours, and up to 24 hours after injection. The dosages used ranged from 0.006 to 0.75 mg/kg. Dosages from 0.006 upwards caused a significant drop in blood pressure, but the extent of drop was not appreciable at the lower doses. Doses from 0.01 to 0.75 significantly depressed heart rate, and the effects were greater and more consistent than for blood pressure. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate with log-dose were linear, but the heart rate response exhibited a closer fit to linearity. Moreover, the results suggest that heart rate response is an efficient assay method for reserpine-containing compounds. Dosages up to 0.10 mg/kg had no effect on body temperature but above this level body temperatures were depressed significantly. The tranquilizing dose for capons is between 0.10 and 0.2 mg/kg.

EVALUATION OF PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. van der Wal ◽  
T. Wiegman ◽  
J. F. Janssen ◽  
A. Delver ◽  
D. de Wied
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

ABSTRACT The reactivity of the hypothalamico-pituitary-adrenal axis was determined in 48 children, not suffering from any endocrine disorder. The free cortisol (F)- and corticosterone (B) content of plasma was determined in response to ACTH (clinical corticotrophin; A1 peptide), a corticotrophin releaser (lysine vasopressin) and a non specific stimulus (bacterial polysaccharide) as compared to saline. The two ACTH-preparations infused over one hour in a dose of 5 IU per child elicited a marked increase in both F and B. Lysine vasopressin in a dose of 0.5 IU per year of age similarly infused, exhibited a distinct linear increase in the two circulating cortical steroids, although the effect of this octapeptide was smaller than that of the two ACTH-preparations. Blood pressure was also measured during the infusion with vasopressin or saline. The systolic blood pressure was not significantly affected by vasopressin, but a significant rise in diastolic blood pressure was found. No correlation between the increase in diastolic blood pressure and in blood corticoids in response to vasopressin, was found. The intravenous administration of a relatively small amount of pyrifer caused a moderate increase in circulating F which was significant only at 4 and 6 hours after the injection of the pyrogen. The B content did not increase significantly above that of saline treated control children, presumably because of the relatively weak corticotrophic activity of the pyrogen under these conditions. A positive linear relation between body temperature and time was found. No correlation between increase in body temperature and increase in circulating F could be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Heat Stress and Cardiovascular, Hormonal, and Heat Shock Proteins in Humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Iguchi ◽  
Andrew E. Littmann ◽  
Shuo-Hsiu Chang ◽  
Lydia A. Wester ◽  
Jane S. Knipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Whole Body Heat Stress ◽  
Body Heat

Context: Conditions such as osteoarthritis, obesity, and spinal cord injury limit the ability of patients to exercise, preventing them from experiencing many well-documented physiologic stressors. Recent evidence indicates that some of these stressors might derive from exercise-induced body temperature increases. Objective: To determine whether whole-body heat stress without exercise triggers cardiovascular, hormonal, and extra-cellular protein responses of exercise. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five young, healthy adults (13 men, 12 women; age = 22.1 ± 2.4 years, height = 175.2 ± 11.6 cm, mass = 69.4 ± 14.8 kg, body mass index = 22.6 ± 4.0) volunteered. Intervention(s): Participants sat in a heat stress chamber with heat (73°C) and without heat (26°C) stress for 30 minutes on separate days. We obtained blood samples from a subset of 13 participants (7 men, 6 women) before and after exposure to heat stress. Main Outcome Measure(s): Extracellular heat shock protein (HSP72) and catecholamine plasma concentration, heart rate, blood pressure, and heat perception. Results: After 30 minutes of heat stress, body temperature measured via rectal sensor increased by 0.8°C. Heart rate increased linearly to 131.4 ± 22.4 beats per minute (F6,24 = 186, P < .001) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 16 mm Hg (F6,24 = 10.1, P < .001) and 5 mm Hg (F6,24 = 5.4, P < .001), respectively. Norepinephrine (F1,12 = 12.1, P = .004) and prolactin (F1,12 = 30.2, P < .001) increased in the plasma (58% and 285%, respectively) (P < .05). The HSP72 (F1,12 = 44.7, P < .001) level increased with heat stress by 48.7% ± 53.9%. No cardiovascular or blood variables showed changes during the control trials (quiet sitting in the heat chamber with no heat stress), resulting in differences between heat and control trials. Conclusions: We found that whole-body heat stress triggers some of the physiologic responses observed with exercise. Future studies are necessary to investigate whether carefully prescribed heat stress constitutes a method to augment or supplement exercise.

Body temperature regulation and oxygen consumption in young chicks fed thyroid hormone

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1842-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Snyder ◽  
Joseph R. Coelho ◽  
Dalan R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Young Chicks

In chicks the ability to regulate body temperature to adult levels develops during the first 2 weeks of life. We examined whether the ability of young chicks to regulate body temperature is increased by elevated levels of the thyroid hormone 3,3′5-triiodothyronine. By 13 days following hatch, body temperatures of chicks were not significantly different from those expected for adult birds. Furthermore, at an ambient temperature of 10 °C, 13-day-old control chicks were able to maintain body temperature, and elevated serum thyroid hormone levels did not increase rates of oxygen consumption or body temperature above control values. Six-day-old chicks had body temperatures that were significantly lower than those of the 13-day-old chicks and were not able to regulate body temperature when exposed to an ambient temperature of 10 °C. On the other hand, 6-day-old chicks with elevated serum thyroid hormone had significantly higher rates of oxygen consumption than 6-day-old control chicks, and were able to maintain constant body temperatures during cold exposure. The increased oxygen consumption rates and improved ability to regulate body temperature during cold exposure were correlated with increased citrate synthase activity in skeletal muscle. Our results support the argument that thyroid hormones play an important role in the development of thermoregulatory ability in neonate birds by stimulating enzyme activities associated with aerobic metabolism.

“On-” and “off-” cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla of rats held in thermoneutral conditions: are they involved in thermoregulation?

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 2199-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil El Bitar ◽  
Bernard Pollin ◽  
Daniel Le Bars
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Rostral Ventromedial Medulla ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Ventromedial Medulla ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
On And Off Cells ◽  
Core Body

In thermal neutral condition, rats display cyclic variations of the vasomotion of the tail and paws, synchronized with fluctuations of blood pressure, heart rate, and core body temperature. “On-” and “off-” cells located in the rostral ventromedial medulla, a cerebral structure implicated in somatic sympathetic drive, 1) exhibit similar spontaneous cyclic activities in antiphase and 2) are activated and inhibited by thermal nociceptive stimuli, respectively. We aimed at evaluating the implication of such neurons in autonomic regulation by establishing correlations between their firing and blood pressure, heart rate, and skin and core body temperature variations. When, during a cycle, a relative high core body temperature was reached, the on-cells were activated and within half a minute, the off-cells and blood pressure were depressed, followed by heart rate depression within a further minute; vasodilatation of the tail followed invariably within ∼3 min, often completed with vasodilatation of hind paws. The outcome was an increased heat loss that lessened the core body temperature. When the decrease of core body temperature achieved a few tenths of degrees, sympathetic activation switches off and converse variations occurred, providing cycles of three to seven periods/h. On- and off-cell activities were correlated with inhibition and activation of the sympathetic system, respectively. The temporal sequence of events was as follows: core body temperature → on-cell → off-cell ∼ blood pressure → heart rate → skin temperature → core body temperature. The function of on- and off-cells in nociception should be reexamined, taking into account their correlation with autonomic regulations.

SKULL METASTASES OF FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA THYROID: A RARE CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Smriti Kumari ◽  
Manoj Kumar Paswan ◽  
Nishat Ahamad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma Thyroid

The thyroid gland, usually located below and anterior to the larynx, consists of two bulky lateral lobes connected by a relatively thin isthmus. The thyroid is divided by thin brous septae into lobules composed of about 20 to 40 evenly dispersed follicles, lined by a cuboidal to low columnar [1] epithelium, and lled with PAS-positive thyroglobulin. The thyroid secretes hormones that control the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and basal metabolic rate

Rancang Bangun Pengukur Suhu Tubuh Dengan Multi Sensor Untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Helmy Yudhistira Putra ◽  
Utomo Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Heat Measurement ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Door Lock ◽  
Body Heat

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of preventive equipment such as masks and hand sanitizers has increased significantly. Likewise, thermometers are experiencing an increase and scarcity, this tool is also sought after by many companies for screening employees and guests before entering the building to detect body temperatures that are suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The use of a thermometer operated by humans is very risky because dealing directly with people who could be ODP (People Under Monitoring/Suscpected ) or even positive for COVID-19, therefore we need tools for automatic body temperature screening and do not involve humans for the examination. This research uses the MLX-90614 body temperature sensor equipped with an ultrasonic support sensor to detect movement and measure the distance between the forehead and the temperature sensor so that the body heat measurement works optimally, and a 16x2 LCD to display the temperature measurement results. If the measured body temperature is more than 37.5 ° C degrees Celsius then the buzzer will turn on and the selenoid door lock will not open and will send a notification to the Telegram messaging application. The final result obtained is the formation of a prototype device for measuring body temperature automatically without the need to involve humans in measuring body temperature to control people who want to enter the building so as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission

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