A STUDY OF BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSES DURING HYPOTHERMIA IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hunter ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Renal Vessels ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Cooling Procedure ◽  
Intact Rats

When intact rats are cooled, the blood pressure is well maintained down to a body temperature of 22 °C, below which it rapidly falls. When hypophysectomized rats are cooled the reduction in blood pressure bears a linear relation to the body temperature. The infusion of Pitressin into hypophysectomized animals during the cooling procedure restores the blood pressure – body temperature relationship to that seen in intact rats. This occurs whether or not the renal vessels are ligated and hence appears to be independent of renal factors. However, when the kidneys are exteriorized and warmed and, at the same time, Pitressin is infused into the hypophysectomized cooled rats, there is an excellent maintenance of blood pressure at the lower body temperatures, the blood pressure being 110 mm Hg when the body temperature is 12 °C. Infusions of angiotensin II and of renin also are effective in maintaining blood pressure in hypothermic hypophysectomized animals. This effect of renin is not influenced by exteriorizing and warming the kidneys, hence the enhancement of the effect of Pitressin by this procedure is not a consequence of the warming alone. Warming the exteriorized kidneys may release some factor or cause some change which, in the presence of Pitressin, effectively maintains blood pressure at low body temperatures.

A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF PITRESSIN AND SEROTONIN IN THE MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED HYPOTHERMIC RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
J. Hunter ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Isolated Organs ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

It was shown previously that warming the exteriorized kidneys, along with the infusion of Pitressin in hypophysectomized cooled rats, gave excellent maintenance of blood pressure at low body temperatures. Infusions of saline perfusates of kidney and heart into hypophysectomized cooled rats were ineffective by themselves but, combined with the infusion of Pitressin, gave good maintenance of blood pressure at low body temperatures. Since some clotting may have occurred in blood remaining in the organs when the isolated organs were perfused it was necessary to test the effectiveness of an agent released during clotting, namely, serotonin. By itself serotonin had no effect on blood pressure in hypothermic hypophysectomized rats down to a body temperature of 20 °C, at which temperature it had a striking pressor action. When Pitressin and serotonin were infused together, the blood pressure was well maintained in hypophysectomized cooled rats down to a body temperature of 16 °C. These experiments indicate the importance of Pitressin, and the interaction of Pitressin with other factors, in maintaining blood pressure in hypothermic animals.

scholarly journals Body Temperature and Reproductive Performance of Beef Heifers Supplemented With Rumen-Protected Methionine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
José Henrique Dominguez ◽  
Matheus Gomes Lopes ◽  
Fabrício Amadori Machado ◽  
Ederson Dos Santos ◽  
Fernanda Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Data Logger

This study aimed to assess the reproductive performance and body temperature of beef heifers supplemented with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in an extensive grazing system and mated during the summer. One hundred 5/8 Angus 3/8 Brahman heifers were homogeneously divided into the control group (n=48, CG) supplemented with mineral salt ad libitum and methionine group (n=52, MG) who received the same supplementation plus 4 g of methionine per 100 g of mineral salt. The groups were fixed-time artificial inseminated (FTAI) 45 days after starting the supplementation. On day 0 of the FTAI protocol, ten animals per group received data-logger thermometers attached in progesterone implants recording the body temperature of the animals every 30 minutes. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 30 and 60 after the artificial insemination to determine the rates of conception, pregnancy, and pregnancy loss. At the beginning of the supplementation, both groups had similar weights (MG was 304.6 kg and CG 304.4 kg), while on days 0 and 30 about the FTAI protocol, the MG was higher weight (365.9 vs. 346.7 and 384.8 vs. 371.5 Kg). During the FTAI protocol, the MG had lower body temperatures (38.77 vs. 38.99 °C) and a tendency to have larger dominant follicles than the CG (11.76 mm x 10.8 mm). Although it did not impact reproductive performance, the observed higher weight, dominant follicle sizes, and lower body temperatures during FTAI protocols show the potential benefits of methionine supplementation in beef heifers mated during the summer.

Thermal biology of the spotted snow skink, Niveoscincus ocellatus, along an altitudinal gradient

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh P. E. K. Yuni ◽  
Susan M. Jones ◽  
Erik Wapstra
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Biology

Body temperatures in ectotherms are strongly affected by their thermal environment. Ectotherms respond to variation in the thermal environment either by modification of behavioural thermoregulation to maintain their optimal body temperature or by shifting their optimal body temperature. In this study, the body temperatures of males of three populations of spotted snow skinks, Niveoscincus ocellatus, living along an altitudinal gradient (low, mid, and high altitude) were studied in the field and laboratory in spring, summer, and autumn, representing the full activity period of this species. The environmental variation across both sites and seasons affected their field active body temperatures. At the low and mid altitude, N. ocellatus had a higher mean body temperature than at the high altitude. Animals achieved their thermal preference at the low and mid altitude sites in all seasons. At the high altitude, however, N. ocellatus struggled to reach its preferred body temperatures, especially in autumn. The lower body temperature at the high-altitude site is likely due to limited thermal opportunity and/or an effect of avoiding the costs associated with increased intensity of basking.

Rancang Bangun Pengukur Suhu Tubuh Dengan Multi Sensor Untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Helmy Yudhistira Putra ◽  
Utomo Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Heat Measurement ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Door Lock ◽  
Body Heat

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of preventive equipment such as masks and hand sanitizers has increased significantly. Likewise, thermometers are experiencing an increase and scarcity, this tool is also sought after by many companies for screening employees and guests before entering the building to detect body temperatures that are suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The use of a thermometer operated by humans is very risky because dealing directly with people who could be ODP (People Under Monitoring/Suscpected ) or even positive for COVID-19, therefore we need tools for automatic body temperature screening and do not involve humans for the examination. This research uses the MLX-90614 body temperature sensor equipped with an ultrasonic support sensor to detect movement and measure the distance between the forehead and the temperature sensor so that the body heat measurement works optimally, and a 16x2 LCD to display the temperature measurement results. If the measured body temperature is more than 37.5 ° C degrees Celsius then the buzzer will turn on and the selenoid door lock will not open and will send a notification to the Telegram messaging application. The final result obtained is the formation of a prototype device for measuring body temperature automatically without the need to involve humans in measuring body temperature to control people who want to enter the building so as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DEGREES OF SUBDIAPHRAGMATIC AORTIC CONSTRICTION ON HEART WEIGHT AND BLOOD PRESSURE OF NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Beznák
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Aortic Constriction ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Intact Rats

The aortae of groups of normal and hypophysectomized rats were constricted with rings of five different sizes (0.93, 0.83, 0. 74, 0.71, and 0.63 mm. diameter). In normal rats constriction caused an increase in heart weight and blood pressure which was the greater the narrower the constriction. If constriction exceeded 0.74 mm., cardiac hypertrophy reached extremely high values, while the blood pressure was lower than in groups with less constriction. The blood pressure response to Adrenalin or Infundin increased in proportion to the degree of constriction down to 0.74 mm.; greater constriction reduced the response. In hypophysectomized rats no degree of aortic constriction produced hypertension or cardiac hypertrophy, yet the increase in blood pressure after Adrenalin or Infundin was as great as in the normal intact rats.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition on the body temperature and relative organ weights of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4575
Author(s):  
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽  
Evandro De Abreu Fernandes ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Bueno ◽  
Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Heloisa Litz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional plans on the body temperature and organ biometrics in male and female broilers, of two ages. Here, 1,700 birds were used (850 males and 850 females) in a completely randomized design composed of five treatments (- 3%, - 1.5%, reference, + 1.5% and + 3%), with 10 repetitions, totaling 50 experimental units; the reference treatment based on nutritional and energy levels indicated in previous studies was calculated from this. At 35 and 42 d, the temperatures of the wing, head, shin, back, and cloaca in males and females were measured separately, and the average surface and body temperature were calculated. At 42 d, relative weights of the gizzard, liver, heart, and small intestine were calculated. The temperatures of the wings, back, and cloaca, and consequently the average surface temperature and body temperatures, were not affected by nutritional plans. Effects of increasing the nutritional and energy levels were observed on liver weights, the gizzard, and the small intestine. We conclude that the nutritional plans did not affect body temperature. Males had higher body temperatures than females. Body temperature increased with increase in age, and the increase in the nutritional plans increased liver weight and reduced the gizzard weights.</p>

scholarly journals The Adaptive Value and Clinical Significance of Allostatic Blood Pressure Variation

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. James
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
Blood Pressure Variation ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Everyday Living

In recent years, there has been interest in evaluating the morbidity and mortality risk of circadian, diurnal, or nocturnal blood pressure variation. Variation is a normative property of blood pressure, necessary for survival. Like many physiological functions, blood pressure undergoes allostasis, meaning that the body does not defend a particular blood pressure value, but rather blood pressure maintains bodily stability through continual change that is initiated by constantly fluctuating internal and external environmental stimuli. Because of its allostatic and adaptive properties, the blood pressure response to unusual situations like a visit to the clinic can lead to misdiagnosis of hypertension. However, blood pressure variation is mostly ignored when evaluating hypertension, which is an arbitrary dichotomy. Whether variation is indicative of pathology should be determined by assessing its appropriateness for the circumstance, which requires quantification of the sources and extent of normative blood pressure responses to everyday living. These responses will vary among populations due to evolutionary genetic differences. The inconsistency of reports regarding aspects of ambulatory blood pressure variation as cardiovascular risk factors likely results from the fact that the measures used do not reflect the actual nature of blood pressure allostasis.

scholarly journals Seasonal migrations, body temperature fluctuations, and infection dynamics in adult amphibians

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4698 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Daversa ◽  
Camino Monsalve-Carcaño ◽  
Luis M. Carrascal ◽  
Jaime Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

Risks of parasitism vary over time, with infection prevalence often fluctuating with seasonal changes in the annual cycle. Identifying the biological mechanisms underlying seasonality in infection can enable better prediction and prevention of future infection peaks. Obtaining longitudinal data on individual infections and traits across seasons throughout the annual cycle is perhaps the most effective means of achieving this aim, yet few studies have obtained such information for wildlife. Here, we tracked spiny common toads (Bufo spinosus) within and across annual cycles to assess seasonal variation in movement, body temperatures and infection from the fungal parasite, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Across annual cycles, toads did not consistently sustain infections but instead gained and lost infections from year to year. Radio-tracking showed that infected toads lose infections during post-breeding migrations, and no toads contracted infection following migration, which may be one explanation for the inter-annual variability in Bd infections. We also found pronounced seasonal variation in toad body temperatures. Body temperatures approached 0 °C during winter hibernation but remained largely within the thermal tolerance range of Bd. These findings provide direct documentation of migratory recovery (i.e., loss of infection during migration) and escape in a wild population. The body temperature reductions that we observed during hibernation warrant further consideration into the role that this period plays in seasonal Bd dynamics.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Health Risks Associated with the Noise and Vibrations on Board of a Boat—A Case Study on the Danube River

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Picu ◽  
Picu ◽  
Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Research Findings

This paper studies the noise and vibrations transmitted to the crew of a pusher with eight barges sailing upstream the Danube River, between Cernavoda and Drobeta, with a staff consisting of a captain, one coxswain, one mechanic and three sailors. The research was conducted over a one-week period in August 2018. The navigation time was 24/24 h and the seafarers’ schedule was 4/8. Determinations were made on three different workers: Coxswain, mechanic and sailor. The meteorological parameters and the Danube river levels, the sound level and the transmitted vibrations, as well as the body temperature and blood pressure of the subjects were measured. The periods of activity and sleep were analyzed by means of an actigraph. Our research findings indicate that people worked overtime, slept less than necessary and, generally, did not observe the official program. The noise (LEP,d = 92 dB) and vibration levels (a total exposure A(8) = 4.1 m/s2) also contributed to the sleep disorder. Such effects were accompanied by increased body temperature and blood pressure. Synthesizing, it can be concluded that: The peak (acrophase) of the work capacity was from 9:00 to 11:00 and from 17:00 to 19:00, which represent the maximum efficiency periods. More specifically, the highest mental performances were recorded in the morning, while the maximum physical ones were to be seen in the afternoon. The minimum efficiency period was from 13:00 to 15:00. Decreases in the work capacity were identified at 23:00 (reasonably low level) and 3:00 (extremely low level).

Carotid sinus depressor reflexes during hypothermia

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Kendrick ◽  
Kenneth A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Carotid Sinus Stimulation ◽  
Reflex Arc

Reducing body temperature in dogs to 24 C caused a small reduction in the size of the carotid sinus depressor response. Along with this reduction the response also became more gradual at the lower body temperatures. Systematic studies demonstrated that the more gradual nature of the response appeared to result from changes in the vascular smooth muscle. Depression of the nervous elements of the baroreceptor reflex arc during hypothermia was not evident. The response to carotid sinus stimulation in the warm, perfused hindlimb was essentially unchanged by cooling the body to 24 C. Local cooling of the perfused hindleg did not reduce the size but did result in a more gradual response.

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