Thermal biology of the spotted snow skink, Niveoscincus ocellatus, along an altitudinal gradient

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh P. E. K. Yuni ◽  
Susan M. Jones ◽  
Erik Wapstra
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Biology

Body temperatures in ectotherms are strongly affected by their thermal environment. Ectotherms respond to variation in the thermal environment either by modification of behavioural thermoregulation to maintain their optimal body temperature or by shifting their optimal body temperature. In this study, the body temperatures of males of three populations of spotted snow skinks, Niveoscincus ocellatus, living along an altitudinal gradient (low, mid, and high altitude) were studied in the field and laboratory in spring, summer, and autumn, representing the full activity period of this species. The environmental variation across both sites and seasons affected their field active body temperatures. At the low and mid altitude, N. ocellatus had a higher mean body temperature than at the high altitude. Animals achieved their thermal preference at the low and mid altitude sites in all seasons. At the high altitude, however, N. ocellatus struggled to reach its preferred body temperatures, especially in autumn. The lower body temperature at the high-altitude site is likely due to limited thermal opportunity and/or an effect of avoiding the costs associated with increased intensity of basking.

scholarly journals Thermal biology of Amphisbaena munoai (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Rocha Matias ◽  
Laura Verrastro
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
The Relationship

Studies on the thermal biology of fossorial reptiles that examine the relationship between the body temperature and thermal environment are needed to determine the extent of their thermoregulation abilities. This study assessed the thermal biology of Amphisbaena munoai Klappenbach, 1969 in the rocky fields of the Rio Grande do Sul and in the laboratory. The body temperature of most individuals was between 24 and 30 °C, both in the field (n = 81) and laboratory (n = 19). More individuals were caught in winter (n = 55) and spring (n = 60) than in summer (n = 25) and fall (n = 45), and in spring, individuals showed similar nocturnal and diurnal activities. In the laboratory, we found individuals with body temperatures up to 5 °C higher than the ambient temperature (n = 4), suggesting that some physiological mechanisms participate in the thermoregulation of these animals. Amphisbaena munoai is a thigmothermic species that is capable of actively regulating its temperature by selecting microhabitats such that its various activities occur within an ideal temperature range. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of seasonality and diurnal and nocturnal variations on the thermoregulation of an amphisbaenid.

Thermal ecology of the high-altitude bunch grass lizard, Sceloporus scalaris

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2152-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. Smith ◽  
Royce E. Ballinger ◽  
Justin D. Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Early Maturity

The thermal ecology of a high-altitude lizard, Sceloporus scalaris, was investigated in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, where the lizards are active on sunny days throughout the year. Mean body temperature was 32.6 °C (range 12.6–39 °C) and mean air temperature was 20.2 °C (range 5.2–36.4 °C). The slope of the body temperature versus air temperature regression was 0.23. Monthly differences in body temperature were observed, with the highest body temperatures observed in early summer. Lizards at three study sites with differing slope and vegetative cover had different mean body temperatures. Males had higher body temperatures than both nongravid and gravid females. Maintenance of elevated body temperatures even during winter lengthens the activity and growing season, permitting early maturity with potentially important life-history consequences.

scholarly journals Thermal biology, activity, and population parameters of Cnemidophorus vacariensis (Squamata, Teiidae), a lizard endemic to southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Caruccio ◽  
Renata Cardoso Vieira ◽  
Laura Verrastro ◽  
Denise Mello Machado
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Average Body

We investigated the following aspects of the biology of a population of Cnemidophorus vacariensis Feltrim & Lema, 2000 during the four seasons: thermal biology, relationship with the thermal environment, daily and seasonal activity, population structure and growth rate. Cnemidophorus vacariensis is restricted to rocky outcrops of the "campos de cima da serra" grasslands on the Araucaria Plateau, southern Brazil, and is currently listed as regionally and nationally threatened with extinction. Data were collected from October 2004 through September 2007 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Sampling was conducted randomly from 08:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. The capture-mark-recapture method was employed. The lizards were captured by hand, and their cloacal temperature, sex, snout-ventral length (SVL), mass, and the temperature of their microhabitat (substrate temperature and air temperature) were recorded. Individuals were then marked by toe-clipping and released at the site of capture. Body temperatures were obtained for 175 individuals, activity data for 96 individuals, and data on population structure and growth for 59 individuals. All data were obtained monthly, at different times of the day. Cnemidophorus vacariensis average body temperature was 23.84ºC, ranging between 9.6 and 38.2ºC. Temperatures ranged between 21 and 29ºC. The correlation between external heat sources, substrate and air were positive and significant and there was a greater correlation between lizard's temperature and the temperature of the substrate (tigmothermic species). The relatively low body temperatures of individuals are associated with the climate of their environment (altitude up to 1,400 m), with large variations in temperature throughout the day and the year, and low temperatures in winter. The average body temperature observed for C. vacariensis was low when compared with that of phylogenetically related species, suggesting that the thermal biology of this species reflects adaptations to the temperate region where it lives. The monthly rates of activity of lizards were related to monthly variations in the ambient temperatures. Our data suggest that the daily and seasonal activity of C. vacariensis result from the interaction between two factors: changes in the environment temperature and the relationship between individuals and their thermal environment. The population structure of C. vacariensis varied throughout the study period, with maximum biomass in January and maximum density in February (recruitment period). The sex ratio diverged from the expected 1:1. The growth analysis showed a negative relationship between the growth rate of individuals and the SVL, revealing that young individuals grow faster than adults, a typical pattern for short-lived species. The population studied showed a seasonal and cyclical variation associated with the reproductive cycle. The life strategy of C. vacariensis seems to include adaptations to the seasonal variations in temperature, typical of its environment.

The significance of the coat in heat tolerance of cattle. II. Effect of solar radiation on body temperatures

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

An experiment was performed to test the effect of solar radiation on the body temperatures of cattle, both clipped and with hair coat, in a clear transparent plastic covering as compared with cattle in a white reflective plastic covering. The mean body temperature of the animals in white plastic coats was 0.15°F lower than that of animals in clear plastic coats. This difference was highly significant statistically (P< 0.001). Animals in both clear and white coats had higher body temperatures than controls without plastic coats. The difference was highly significant, and was about 1.5°F in the clipped animals.

A STUDY OF BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSES DURING HYPOTHERMIA IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hunter ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Renal Vessels ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses ◽  
Cooling Procedure ◽  
Intact Rats

When intact rats are cooled, the blood pressure is well maintained down to a body temperature of 22 °C, below which it rapidly falls. When hypophysectomized rats are cooled the reduction in blood pressure bears a linear relation to the body temperature. The infusion of Pitressin into hypophysectomized animals during the cooling procedure restores the blood pressure – body temperature relationship to that seen in intact rats. This occurs whether or not the renal vessels are ligated and hence appears to be independent of renal factors. However, when the kidneys are exteriorized and warmed and, at the same time, Pitressin is infused into the hypophysectomized cooled rats, there is an excellent maintenance of blood pressure at the lower body temperatures, the blood pressure being 110 mm Hg when the body temperature is 12 °C. Infusions of angiotensin II and of renin also are effective in maintaining blood pressure in hypothermic hypophysectomized animals. This effect of renin is not influenced by exteriorizing and warming the kidneys, hence the enhancement of the effect of Pitressin by this procedure is not a consequence of the warming alone. Warming the exteriorized kidneys may release some factor or cause some change which, in the presence of Pitressin, effectively maintains blood pressure at low body temperatures.

Some aspects of body temperature regulation in sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. D. Webster ◽  
K. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Skin Temperatures

SummarySkin temperatures, deep body temperatures and respiratory rates have been measured in Southdown and Merino sheep following feeding, and during infra-red irradiation, rumen infusions of hot and cold water, and cold exposure induced by shearing. The increases in respiratory rate and skin temperatures induced by infra-red heating and the heat increment of feeding were reversed by addition of iced water to the rumen and were suppressed by shearing. These responses could not be systematically related to particular body temperatures in the sheep and appeared to be continuously variable rather than ‘all-or-none’ phenomena. Considerable overlap was observed between respiratory and vasomotor mechanisms of thermoregulation. Measurements of the surface area and weight of ears and legs showed that these regions contribute approximately 23% of the surface area and 8% of the body weight in Merino sheep. Calculations suggested that up to 70% of the additional heat produced in the 2 h after feeding in sheep may be stored in the tissues through increase in mean body temperature. Sheep kept in short wool throughout the winter appeared to establish a new thermoregulatory ‘set-point’ associated with lower rectal temperatures than those in sheep with a full fleece.

scholarly journals Field body temperature and thermal preference of the big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Shen ◽  
Fanwei Meng ◽  
Yongpu Zhang ◽  
Weiguo Du
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Diel Variation ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

Abstract The big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum is a stream-dwelling species whose ecology is poorly known. We carried out field and laboratory investigations to determine field body temperatures and thermal preference of this species. In the field, the body temperatures of the turtles conformed to the water temperature, with little diel variation in either summer or autumn. Over the diel cycle, the mean body temperatures ranged from 20.8°C to 22.2°C in summer and from 19.3°C to 21.2°C in autumn; the highest body temperatures ranged from 22.1°C to 25.0°C in summer and from 20.6°C to 23.8°C in autumn. In the laboratory, the preferred body temperature (Tp) was 25.3°C. Food intake was maximized at 24.0°C, whereas locomotor performance peaked at 30.0°C. Consequently, Tp was closer to the thermal optimum for food intake than for locomotion. Therefore, this freshwater turtle has relative low field body temperatures corresponding to its thermal environment. In addition, the turtle prefers low temperatures and has a low optimal temperature for food intake.

scholarly journals Body Temperature and Reproductive Performance of Beef Heifers Supplemented With Rumen-Protected Methionine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
José Henrique Dominguez ◽  
Matheus Gomes Lopes ◽  
Fabrício Amadori Machado ◽  
Ederson Dos Santos ◽  
Fernanda Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Data Logger

This study aimed to assess the reproductive performance and body temperature of beef heifers supplemented with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in an extensive grazing system and mated during the summer. One hundred 5/8 Angus 3/8 Brahman heifers were homogeneously divided into the control group (n=48, CG) supplemented with mineral salt ad libitum and methionine group (n=52, MG) who received the same supplementation plus 4 g of methionine per 100 g of mineral salt. The groups were fixed-time artificial inseminated (FTAI) 45 days after starting the supplementation. On day 0 of the FTAI protocol, ten animals per group received data-logger thermometers attached in progesterone implants recording the body temperature of the animals every 30 minutes. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on days 30 and 60 after the artificial insemination to determine the rates of conception, pregnancy, and pregnancy loss. At the beginning of the supplementation, both groups had similar weights (MG was 304.6 kg and CG 304.4 kg), while on days 0 and 30 about the FTAI protocol, the MG was higher weight (365.9 vs. 346.7 and 384.8 vs. 371.5 Kg). During the FTAI protocol, the MG had lower body temperatures (38.77 vs. 38.99 °C) and a tendency to have larger dominant follicles than the CG (11.76 mm x 10.8 mm). Although it did not impact reproductive performance, the observed higher weight, dominant follicle sizes, and lower body temperatures during FTAI protocols show the potential benefits of methionine supplementation in beef heifers mated during the summer.

Thermal niche overlap in garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Gregory ◽  
A. G. Duncan McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature

Although the three species of garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island have generally different diets, they overlap in food habits to some extent. Consequently, additional separation along other niche dimensions is expected. In this study, differences in thermal niches were examined in the field. Two of the three species had similar body temperatures and both were significantly different from the third. The linear relationship between body and substrate temperatures was not statistically different among species, however, allowing body temperatures to be directly related to habitat and (or) activity period differences. Extremes of habitat selection, rather than differences in diel activity periods, probably account for most of the interspecific variation in body temperature. On the other hand, the three species do coexist in some habitats and the observed differences in mean body temperature are small. Body temperature also varied slightly according to sex and reproductive condition, gravid females generally being warmer than other snakes.

Rancang Bangun Pengukur Suhu Tubuh Dengan Multi Sensor Untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Helmy Yudhistira Putra ◽  
Utomo Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Heat Measurement ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Door Lock ◽  
Body Heat

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of preventive equipment such as masks and hand sanitizers has increased significantly. Likewise, thermometers are experiencing an increase and scarcity, this tool is also sought after by many companies for screening employees and guests before entering the building to detect body temperatures that are suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The use of a thermometer operated by humans is very risky because dealing directly with people who could be ODP (People Under Monitoring/Suscpected ) or even positive for COVID-19, therefore we need tools for automatic body temperature screening and do not involve humans for the examination. This research uses the MLX-90614 body temperature sensor equipped with an ultrasonic support sensor to detect movement and measure the distance between the forehead and the temperature sensor so that the body heat measurement works optimally, and a 16x2 LCD to display the temperature measurement results. If the measured body temperature is more than 37.5 ° C degrees Celsius then the buzzer will turn on and the selenoid door lock will not open and will send a notification to the Telegram messaging application. The final result obtained is the formation of a prototype device for measuring body temperature automatically without the need to involve humans in measuring body temperature to control people who want to enter the building so as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission

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