EFFECT OF COLD ON RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO MALATHION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1671-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Marton ◽  
E. A. Sellers ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
And Control

Wistar rats received 4000 p.p.m. of malathion in their daily diet without showing evidence of intoxication (normal appearance, growth, food intake). When the animals were clipped and exposed to an ambient temperature of 1.5 °C they survived for a much shorter period in the cold environment than did control animals not receiving malathion. In both experimental and control groups, deaths occurred when body temperatures had dropped to about 18 °C. During the initial period in the cold environment, animals of both groups were able to increase their oxygen consumption to the same extent. There was no indication of an increased heat loss by the malathion-treated rats. It thus appeared likely that the insecticide decreased the ability of rats to produce heat continuously over a prolonged period at a high rate. The activities of cholinesterase in plasma were reduced in the malathion-treated rats but were not affected by the cold stress.

EFFECT OF COLD ON RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO MALATHION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1671-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Marton ◽  
E. A. Sellers ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
And Control

Wistar rats received 4000 p.p.m. of malathion in their daily diet without showing evidence of intoxication (normal appearance, growth, food intake). When the animals were clipped and exposed to an ambient temperature of 1.5 °C they survived for a much shorter period in the cold environment than did control animals not receiving malathion. In both experimental and control groups, deaths occurred when body temperatures had dropped to about 18 °C. During the initial period in the cold environment, animals of both groups were able to increase their oxygen consumption to the same extent. There was no indication of an increased heat loss by the malathion-treated rats. It thus appeared likely that the insecticide decreased the ability of rats to produce heat continuously over a prolonged period at a high rate. The activities of cholinesterase in plasma were reduced in the malathion-treated rats but were not affected by the cold stress.

scholarly journals Burn Wound Healing Activity of Prunella Grandiflora L. Exctract

Biomeditsina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
E. V. Bolotnik ◽  
L. I. Alekseeva ◽  
L. P. Larionov
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Burn Wound Healing ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

The qualitative composition of phenolic acids and burn wound healing activity of Prunella grandiflora L. extract were studied. The content of rosmarinic (621±5 mg/g), coffeic (11.2±0.2 mg/g), syringic (46.5±1.4 mg/g), n-coumaric (25.8±0.5 mg/g), and ferulic (42.7±2.9 mg/g) acids in dry extracts of P. grandiflora was determined by HPLC. Three new burn-healing agents of different composition containing 5% of the dry extract of Prunella grandiflora L. (big-flowered self-heal) were developed. The developed agents were tested on male Wistar rats with second- and third-degree thermal burns. An assessment of skin restoration was carried out in experimental and control groups of animals. It was revealed that animals treated with the developed soft dosage forms restored the epithelium and coat 6–8 days faster that those treated with compositions containing no extract under study. It was found that the developed soft dosage forms based on P. grandiflora extract exhibit anti-inflammatory and wound-healing action.

Behaviour Problems in Pre-School Children: Family and Social Factors

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Richman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Behaviour Problem ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

In a group of 99 three-year-old children with behaviour problems identified in an epidemiological survey, family and social factors were compared with those in a group of controls. Behaviour problems were significantly associated with a strained marital relationship between parents, with social stresses and with type of housing. There was a high rate of maternal depression in both problem and control groups. The interaction between a behaviour problem in a young child, maternal mental health and social factors is discussed.

Fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis

Gut ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1146-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmohan S Bajaj ◽  
Eric J Liu ◽  
Raffi Kheradman ◽  
Andrew Fagan ◽  
Douglas M Heuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control ◽  
Uninfected Culture ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

ObjectiveCirrhotics have a high rate of infections, which are increasingly fungal or culture-negative in nature. While infected cirrhotics have bacterial dysbiosis, the role of fungi is unclear. We aimed to evaluate gut bacterial and fungal dysbiosis in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of outpatient and inpatient cirrhotics and prediction of hospitalisations.MethodsCross-sectional: Age-matched controls, outpatients (with/without antibiotics) and hospitalised uninfected, culture-negative and culture-positive cirrhotics were included and followed for 90 days. Longitudinal: Three studies were conducted: (1) cirrhotics followed over 6 months, (2) outpatient cirrhotics administered antibiotics per standard of care for 5 days and (3) cirrhotics and controls administered omeprazole over 14 days. In all studies, stool bacterial/fungal profiles were analysed.ResultsCross-sectional: In 143 cirrhotics and 26 controls, bacterial and fungal diversities were significantly linked. Outpatients on antibiotics and patients with culture-positive infections had the lowest diversities. Bacterial and fungal correlations were complex in uninfected, outpatient and control groups but were markedly skewed in infected patients. 21% were admitted on 90-day follow-up. A lower Bacteroidetes/Ascomycota ratio was associated with lower hospitalisations. Longitudinal: Fungal and bacterial profiles were stable on follow-up (5 days and 6 months). After antibiotics, a significantly reduced bacterial and fungal diversity, higher Candida and lower autochthonous bacterial relative abundance were seen. After omeprazole, changes in bacterial diversity and composition were seen but fungal metrics remained stable.ConclusionThere is a significant fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis, which changes differentially with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor use, but is otherwise stable over time. A combined bacterial–fungal dysbiosis metric, Bacteroidetes/Ascomycota ratio, can independently predict 90-day hospitalisations in patients with cirrhosis.Clinical trial numberNCT01458990.

scholarly journals The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein synthesis in the rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Williams ◽  
J. K. Chesters
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control

1. The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein metabolism of the liver, kidneys, testes and spleen of the young rat were studied. The investigations were carried out in two phases: before food consumption and growth were affected, and afterwards.2. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was markedly affected by differences of less than a week in the age of the rats.3. Zn deficiency significantly reduced the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of liver, kidneys and spleen before growth and food consumption were affected. The degree of inhibition was of the order of 50% in the first 5 d. A similar but non-significant trend was observed for the testes.4. The incorporation of [3C]lysine into protein was not significantly affected in liver and testes during the initial period of Zn deficiency; the incorporation into kidneys and spleen was significantly inhibited but the magnitude of the effect was only of the order of 20% in 5d.5. One week after the start of the second phase, the concentration of DNA in liver, testes, and spleen of Zn-deficient animals was not significantly different from that in pair-fed controls. The DNA content of the kidneys was significantly reduced by the deficiency hut only to 97% of that in pair-fed animalsgiven the Zn-supplcmenteddiet. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was not significantly different between deficient and control groups in any of the four organs investigated.

Human adenovirus 36 improves insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles and increases inflammatory markers in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shirani ◽  
Ali Teimoori ◽  
Andrew J McAinch ◽  
Mohammad Rashno ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Latifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Adenovirus 36 ◽  
And Control

Human adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) causes obesity with increased adiposity, in contrast, Ad-36 infection reduces glucose and lipid metabolism; the results, however, are not consistent. In the current study, the effects of Ad-36 infection on glucose and lipid profile and inflammatory markers in Wistar rats were investigated. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into infected and control groups. Ad-36 virus suspension was injected in the experimental group rats. Blood samples were collected in the beginning and after 12 weeks in both groups. After 12 weeks, a significant improvement was observed in fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, insulin sensitivity, serum triglycerides and total cholesterol in the infected group compared with the non-infected groups. There were no significant differences in inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels between infected and control groups. This study showed that Ad-36 had favorable effects on glycemic and lipid control in infected rats, but inflammatory biomarker levels were similar for 2 groups. Ad-36 infections could potentially be a new way to develop novel antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic therapeutic agents.

Hepatocyte mitochondrial metabolism is inhibited in neonatal rat endotoxaemia: effects of glutamine

2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. MARKLEY ◽  
Agostino PIERRO ◽  
Simon EATON
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Metabolism ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Proton Leak ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Glutamine has beneficial effects on enterocytes and the immune system in sepsis, but its effects on hepatic metabolism remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of glutamine on hepatocyte energy metabolism under conditions of neonatal endotoxaemia. Suckling Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 200μg/kg lipopolysaccharide. Oxygen consumption was measured polarographically in hepatocytes respiring on either palmitate (0.5mM) or palmitate plus glutamine (10mM). Total hepatocyte oxygen consumption was similar in hepatocytes from control and endotoxic rats, but this was due to a decrease in intramitochondrial and an increase in extramitochondrial oxygen consumption in the cells from endotoxic animals. The addition of glutamine to hepatocytes from endotoxic rats restored intramitochondrial oxygen consumption to control levels. Although glutamine did not reverse the inhibition of the thermogenic proton leak observed in endotoxaemia, it significantly increased oxygen consumption due to mitochondrial ATP synthesis (P = 0.03). Glutamine significantly increased the hepatocyte ATP/ADP ratio (P = 0.02 compared with hepatocytes from endotoxic rats). Electron microscopy revealed morphological damage to the mitochondria of hepatocytes from endotoxic rats, and a return to a normal appearance with the addition of glutamine. We conclude that glutamine reverses the inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism that is observed in endotoxaemia. The effect is primarily at the level of ATP synthesis.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cannabis sativa Leaves from Nigeria on the Antioxidants Markers in Albino Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
E. B. Umoren ◽  
I. Wopara ◽  
O. G. Adebayo ◽  
U. A. Ezike ◽  
A. O. Obembe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

Background: Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous plant in the Cannabis genus. The cannabis plant is widely regarded as a potent psychoactive, medicinal plant. Reportedly used for recreation and as intoxicant. The medical uses of the plant include effective control and management of chronic health problems such as HIV/AIDs, cancer, cachexia, nausea and vomiting, asthma and hypertension. C. sativa is known to possess antioxidative properties. This study therefore investigated the effects of C. sativa on antioxidant concentrations in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 received distilled water and served as control. Group 2 received C. sativa extract (100 ml/Kg body weight) by gavage and served as low dose group. Group 3 received C. sativa (250 ml/Kg body weight) by gavage and served as high dose group once daily for 28 days. Results: Catalase (CAT) concentration was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the low dose group as compared with control. In the high dose group, CAT concentration was significantly lower (P<0.05) when compared with the low and control groups respectively. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the low dose group as compared with their respective control. GPx and SOD concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the high dose groups as compared to low dose and control groups respectively. Conclusion: CAT concentration decreased dose-dependently, while GPx and SOD concentrations increased dose-dependently among treated groups. Treatment with C. sativa revealed a paradoxical effect on CAT concentration with respect to GPx and SOD concentrations. Therefore, oral ingestion of ethanolic extract of C. sativa may not have significant effect on the body’s antioxidant stores due to the balance created for CAT deficiency by increased GPx and SOD concentrations.

scholarly journals Allium sativum aqueous extract does not have chemo-protective effect on etoposide induced therapy-related DNA damage leading to Acute Myeloid Leukemia in albino-wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-682
Author(s):  
Ugochi F Ndiokwelu ◽  
Liasu A Ogunkanmi ◽  
Joseph B Minari ◽  
Ijeoma C Uzoma
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Background: Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) is a well-recognized clinical syndrome occurring in a signif- icant fraction of patients who have undergone previous chemotherapy for a solid tumour. Objectives: We aim to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of fresh Allium sativum cloves on haematological parameters, bone marrow and DNA of etoposide treated albino wistar rats. Decoction method was used to prepare plant extracts and the rats were weighed and divided into experimental and control groups. Blood and bone marrow sample were analysed and DNA fragment analysis was carried out. Results: There was progressive increase in the weight of animals that received distilled water only for the duration of the experiment while those that received etoposide only showed a sharp decrease in weight by the end of week 3. There was no significant difference in the mean of the haematological parameters in the test and control groups except for platelet count. The bone marrow smears showed no prevention of erythroblast fragmentation by the extract, in the same vein, DNA dam- age was not abated. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of fresh Allium sativum cloves may not be the option for the prevention of etoposide induced acute myeloid leukemia. Keywords: Allium sativum aqueous; chemo-protective effect; acute myeloid leukemia; albino-wistar rats.

THE EFFECT OF PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO COLD ON SHOCK SECONDARY TO LIMB ISCHAEMIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
H. Schachter ◽  
S. Sidlofsky ◽  
D. G. Baker ◽  
J. R. Hamilton ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
And Control

Previous exposure to a cold environment for a period of 12 weeks increased the incidence of survival and prolonged the survival time of heavy rats shocked by a clamping technique. The oxygen consumption at 27 °C in rats previously exposed to cold for 12 weeks was elevated. During the clamping period the oxygen consumption became more nearly the same in the cold-acclimatized and control rats. After release of the clamps there was a slower fall in oxygen consumption in the previously cold-acclimatized rats than in the control animals. The body temperature, measured in the colon, fell more slowly in the previously cold-exposed rats than in the control rats. This slower fall in colonic temperature was found also in rats previously exposed to cold for shorter periods and was not necessarily associated with changes in survival time. Rats exposed to cold for 6 weeks were "acclimatized" in the sense that they withstood exposure to cold after removal of their fur, but they failed to show significantly lengthened survival times when shocked by this clamping procedure. The administration of thyroxine shortened survival times in the shocked rats but reduced the rate of fall of colonic temperature. The administration of cortisone, thyroxine, and cortisone plus thyroxine shortened survival times in the shocked rats.

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