scholarly journals The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein synthesis in the rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Williams ◽  
J. K. Chesters
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control

1. The effects of early zinc deficiency on DNA and protein metabolism of the liver, kidneys, testes and spleen of the young rat were studied. The investigations were carried out in two phases: before food consumption and growth were affected, and afterwards.2. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was markedly affected by differences of less than a week in the age of the rats.3. Zn deficiency significantly reduced the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of liver, kidneys and spleen before growth and food consumption were affected. The degree of inhibition was of the order of 50% in the first 5 d. A similar but non-significant trend was observed for the testes.4. The incorporation of [3C]lysine into protein was not significantly affected in liver and testes during the initial period of Zn deficiency; the incorporation into kidneys and spleen was significantly inhibited but the magnitude of the effect was only of the order of 20% in 5d.5. One week after the start of the second phase, the concentration of DNA in liver, testes, and spleen of Zn-deficient animals was not significantly different from that in pair-fed controls. The DNA content of the kidneys was significantly reduced by the deficiency hut only to 97% of that in pair-fed animalsgiven the Zn-supplcmenteddiet. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was not significantly different between deficient and control groups in any of the four organs investigated.

scholarly journals The effect of zinc deficiency on glucose metabolism in meal-fed rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Reeves ◽  
Boyd L. O'Dell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
Meal Feeding ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
And Control

1. The incorporation of uniformly-labelled [14C]glucose into fatty acids and glycogen of adipose tissue and liver was used to assess the effects of zinc deficiency on glucose metabolism in meal-fed rats.2. Throughout the study, identical feeding regimens were maintained between each of the Zn-deficient groups and their appropriate controls. The feeding regimens were either meal-feeding or ad lib. feeding.3. Zn deficiency reduced [14C]glucose incorporation into fatty acids of epididymal fat pads of meal-fed rats by 75% when compared with meal-fed controls.4. Zn deficiency caused a slight but significant decrease in [14C]glucose incorporation into liver fatty acids of meal-fed fats when compared with meal-fed controls.5. Zn deficiency significantly increased [14C]glucose incorporation into liver glycogen of meal-fed rats in Expt. 2 but not in Expt 1.6. Some effects of Zn deficiency on glucose metabolism were shown to be independent of the feeding regimen when a single daily meal was given to both Zn deficient and control groups. This method of feeding may be a useful approach to study the effects of Zn on glucose metabolism in the rat.

scholarly journals Bioindicator demonstrates high persistence of sulfentrazone in dry soil1

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Coradello Lourenço ◽  
Saul Jorge Pinto de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTIn sugarcane crop areas, the application of preemergence herbicides with long residual effect in the soil has been frequently necessary. The herbicide persistence in the soil must be high especially because of applications during the dry season of the year, after sugarcane harvest. This study aimed at estimating the sulfentrazone persistence and dissipation in dry soil using bioindicator. Five experiments were carried out, divided into two phases. In the first phase, three dose-response curves were adjusted to select the best bioindicator to be adopted in the second phase. Niger was adopted due to its lower sensibility to sulfentrazone. In the second phase, a new dose-response curve was carried out, with six doses of sulfentrazone, in order to standardize the bioindicator sensibility to sulfentrazone. At the end, another experiment with six periods of sulfentrazone persistence in dry clay soil was developed. Persistence periods were: 182, 154, 125, 98 and 30 days. The bioindicator was seeded at the application day in treated plots and control. In this experiment, the sulfentrazone dose applied was 800 g ha-1. Niger was considered a good species to estimate the sulfentrazone persistence in dry soil. The sulfentrazone phytotoxic activity was identified up to 182 days after application, and its average dissipation rate was 2.15 g ha-1 day-1, with half-life higher than 182 days.

scholarly journals Effects of Quercetin Supplementation on Lipid and Protein Metabolism after Classic Boxing Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Nevzat Demirci ◽  
Mehmet Akif Ziyagil
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Metabolic Fitness

The metabolic fitness (MF) is a component of athletes’ physical conditioning. This study aims to investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation on Turkish Junior athletes’ lipid and protein metabolism relating to MF after one month classic boxing training. Totally 20 voluntary junior male athletes were separated into two equal groups as the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The participants were supplemented with 500 mg quercetin fifteen minutes before each workout in one month boxing training program. Blood samples during pre and post training were taken from athletes in order to determine metabolic fitness related parameters. Lipid profile contains low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), trigliserid (TG), total cholesterol (TC) variables while protein metabolism includes the albumin, total protein, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin parameters. The Mann Whitney U analyzes were used for comparison of the means between experimental and control groups during pre and posttest and between pre and post test results in experimental and control groups. This study showed that EG had a similar physical characteristic with CG. There were significant decrease in TC and LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C in EG while there was only significant increase in HDL-C of in controls. A significant difference of HDL-C was observed between EG and CG during pretest. In other side, TC and LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly differentiated between EG and CG during posttest. Conclusion: it can be concluded that quercetin plays an important role on lipid metabolism not protein.

scholarly journals Altered ex vivo cytokine production in zinc-deficient, pair-fed and marginally zinc-deficient growing rats is independent of serum corticosterone concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Hosea Blewett ◽  
Edward S. Rector ◽  
Carla G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Control ◽  
Deficient Group

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of dietary Zn deficiency on the ex vivo cytokine production (IL-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-6 and IL-10) of isolated thymocytes and splenocytes after mitogenic stimulation with concavalin A and to explore the role of corticosterone in this regulation. Weanling rats were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for 3 weeks: Zn-deficient ( < 1 mg Zn/kg diet, ad libitum), pair-fed (30 mg Zn/kg diet, limited to amount of feed as consumed by the Zn-deficient group), marginally Zn-deficient (10 mg Zn/kg diet, ad libitum) and control (30 mg Zn/kg diet, ad libitum). Thymocytes and splenocytes were isolated for cytokine stimulation and determination of T-cell phenotypes. Serum corticosterone concentrations were determined by ELISA. The Zn-deficient and pair-fed groups had 14-fold higher serum corticosterone concentrations compared with the marginally Zn-deficient and control groups (P < 0·0001). The proportions of thymocyte subsets were not altered in the Zn-deficient, pair-fed or marginally Zn-deficient groups; however, thymocyte IL-2 and IL-6 production in these groups was 33–54 % lower compared with the control group (P < 0·05). The Zn-deficient group had an 18–28 % lower proportion of new T-cells (TCRαβ+CD90+), but no difference in the proportion of new T-cells that were cytotoxic or helper. The Zn-deficient group had a 49–62 % lower production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2), but no difference in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) by stimulated splenocytes compared with the pair-fed, marginally Zn-deficient and control groups (P < 0·01). These results indicate that Zn status is associated with altered cytokine production, while in vivo corticosterone concentrations are not associated with ex vivo cytokine production.

scholarly journals Induction of the Mice Model Regarding the Endometriosis and Assessment of Antioxidant Treatment Effectiveness: An Experimental Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Hayedeh Hoorsan ◽  
Masoumeh Simbar ◽  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Fardin Fathi ◽  
Nariman Mosaffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Over the past twenty years, the role of inflammatory, immunologic, and stress oxidative factors in the pathogenesis of endometriosis has been emphasized in the literature. Endometrial induced lesions in the surgical endometriosis model of mice are similar to those observed in women. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of vitamin C treatment on the endometriosis mice model. More precisely, it aimed to induce an optimum model of endometriosis using both peritoneal and ovarian approaches and to compare the histological and fertility changes in the first-generation infants of endometriosis induced, sham, and control groups. Finally, the study assessed the influence of vitamin C administration treatment on the induced endometriosis mice model and its first-generation infants. Methods: This experimental study was done in three phases. In the first phase, 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups receiving induced endometriosis through peritoneal approach, induced endometriosis through an ovarian approach, as well as sham and control groups. The histological and fertility characteristics of the first generation of ovarian endometriosis, sham, and control groups were compared in the second phase. Then, the histological and fertility characteristics of those endometriosis induced models receiving vitamin C were compared with the controls, and the first generation of these groups was compared as well. Results: This experimental study began in April 2017 and will be finished in 2020. Conclusions: The results of this study improve our knowledge about the mechanisms involved in endometriosis progressions. The results further provide a comprehensive animal model for further research and assess the therapeutic role of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Mathematical model of transmission dynamics with mitigation and health measures for SARS-CoV-2 infection in European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Sankhwar ◽  
Narender Kumar ◽  
Ravins Dohare
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
And Control

Abstract The pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continue to pose a serious threat to global health resulting in disease COVID-19. No specific drug or vaccine is available against this infection. Therefore, the prevention is only way to reduce the spread of infection. The pandemic needs an enhanced mathematical model, therefore, we propose a SEIAJR compartmental mathematical model to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0 ) and the transmission dynamics of four European countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Spain). The proposed mathematical model incorporates mitigation and healthcare measures as recommended by ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). The simulation of proposed model is done in two phases. First-phase simulation estimates basic reproduction number and mitigation rate according to active infected cases in all four European countries. R0 estimate 2.82 - 3.3 for considered European countries. Second-phase simulation predicts the dynamics of infection on the estimated R0 with varying mitigation rate and constant healthcare rate. This study predicts that no more mitigation is required to invade the infection. The current mitigation and healthcare measures are enough to stop the propogation of infection, however, infection would last by end of July 2020. The developed mathematical model would also be applicable to portray the infection trasmission dynamics for other geographical regions with varying parameters.

EFFECT OF COLD ON RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO MALATHION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1671-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Marton ◽  
E. A. Sellers ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
And Control

Wistar rats received 4000 p.p.m. of malathion in their daily diet without showing evidence of intoxication (normal appearance, growth, food intake). When the animals were clipped and exposed to an ambient temperature of 1.5 °C they survived for a much shorter period in the cold environment than did control animals not receiving malathion. In both experimental and control groups, deaths occurred when body temperatures had dropped to about 18 °C. During the initial period in the cold environment, animals of both groups were able to increase their oxygen consumption to the same extent. There was no indication of an increased heat loss by the malathion-treated rats. It thus appeared likely that the insecticide decreased the ability of rats to produce heat continuously over a prolonged period at a high rate. The activities of cholinesterase in plasma were reduced in the malathion-treated rats but were not affected by the cold stress.

scholarly journals Psychological direction of the formation of multicultural values

2021 ◽  
pp. 620-637
Author(s):  
Jabbarov Rashid Vakil
Keyword(s):  
Social Activism ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
State University ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Learning Success ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

The article examines the relationship between the development of multicultural values in students and various factors, including the level of self-realization, learning success, the nature of interests, social activism. The study was conducted on 160 students of Baku State University. In the study, experimental and control groups were selected and implemented in two phases. During the research, modern teaching methods and other techniques were used to develop multicultural values. A comparative analysis of the first and second stages showed that the level of self-realization with multicultural values, the nature of interests, the increase in learning success, and the relationship with social activism are two-way. That is, raising the level of self-realization, increasing the activity of demands in public affairs, as well as the formation of new interests, increasing the success of training is one of the main conditions for the development of multicultural values. The study showed that in the experimental group there is a correlation between learning achievements, self-realization and social activity and multicultural values (r = 0.0391, p = 0.014; r = 6.136, p = 0.044; r = 4.132, p = 0.048). The study concludes that the development of multicultural values can be achieved through the achievement of the highest results, capacity building and social activism.

Impact of control rod insertion during burnup on PWR fuel assembly isotopic composition

Kerntechnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
R. M. Refeat ◽  
H. K. Louis
Keyword(s):  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Control Rod ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Control ◽  
Criticality Analysis ◽  
Control Rods ◽  
Criticality Safety

Abstract Criticality analysis of spent fuel assumes that the fuel material is unburned which means that it is in its most reactive condition. In fact, this is not the real situation for fuel as it is burned during reactor operation causing reduction in the reactivity. Considering the reduction in reactivity during spent fuel calculations is the Burn-up Credit concept (BUC). In addition, the control rods radial and axial positions have an effect on the reactivity which can be considered in the criticality safety analysis. This paper studies the effect of burnup and control rods (CRs) movement on reactivity and isotopes inventory. Calculations are carried out in two phases, first kinf is calculated for different burnup profiles with control rods are either fully withdrawn or fully inserted. In the second phase keff is calculated for different control rods insertion levels. For both phases, burnup calculations are performed for a UO2 assembly then multiplication factor calculations of burned UO2 assemblies in cold state are done. The burnup calculations are performed using MCNP6 code and ENDF/B-VII library for different burnup levels up to 45 GWd/tU. The results obtained can be taken in consideration in criticality safety analysis performed for the spent fuel to improve the economic efficiency for manufacture, storage and transportation of fissile materials.

EFFECT OF COLD ON RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO MALATHION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1671-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Marton ◽  
E. A. Sellers ◽  
W. Kalow
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
And Control

Wistar rats received 4000 p.p.m. of malathion in their daily diet without showing evidence of intoxication (normal appearance, growth, food intake). When the animals were clipped and exposed to an ambient temperature of 1.5 °C they survived for a much shorter period in the cold environment than did control animals not receiving malathion. In both experimental and control groups, deaths occurred when body temperatures had dropped to about 18 °C. During the initial period in the cold environment, animals of both groups were able to increase their oxygen consumption to the same extent. There was no indication of an increased heat loss by the malathion-treated rats. It thus appeared likely that the insecticide decreased the ability of rats to produce heat continuously over a prolonged period at a high rate. The activities of cholinesterase in plasma were reduced in the malathion-treated rats but were not affected by the cold stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document