THE EFFECT OF 2-AMINOETHYLISOTHIOURONIUM (AET) ON THE RESPIRATION OF MOUSE LIVER AND SPLEEN SLICES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 819-822
Author(s):  
P. V. Vittorio ◽  
Wilma P. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
X Irradiation

The effect of AET injected in vivo on the respiration of liver and spleen slices from non-irradiated and X-irradiated mice was studied. The mice were killed 4 or 24 hours after the injection of a protective dose of AET and the livers and spleens were removed, sliced, and incubated for 3 hours in Krebs–Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing uniformly labelled C14 glucose. In both non-irradiated and X-irradiated mice, initially, AET depressed the respiration of C14O2 from incubated liver slices but this depressing effect appeared to be overcome with time. Whole body X irradiation increased the total C14O2 respired by liver slices from mice injected with saline or AET prior to X irradiation and killed 4 or 24 hours after X irradiation. Whole body X irradiation decreased the total C14O2 respired by the spleen slices and the 24-hour samples showed the greatest decrease. In both the non-irradiated and X-irradiated mice AET did not appear to affect the total C14O2 respired by spleen slices.

THE EFFECT OF 2-AMINOETHYLISOTHIOURONIUM (AET) ON THE RESPIRATION OF MOUSE LIVER AND SPLEEN SLICES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-822
Author(s):  
P. V. Vittorio ◽  
Wilma P. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
X Irradiation

The effect of AET injected in vivo on the respiration of liver and spleen slices from non-irradiated and X-irradiated mice was studied. The mice were killed 4 or 24 hours after the injection of a protective dose of AET and the livers and spleens were removed, sliced, and incubated for 3 hours in Krebs–Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing uniformly labelled C14 glucose. In both non-irradiated and X-irradiated mice, initially, AET depressed the respiration of C14O2 from incubated liver slices but this depressing effect appeared to be overcome with time. Whole body X irradiation increased the total C14O2 respired by liver slices from mice injected with saline or AET prior to X irradiation and killed 4 or 24 hours after X irradiation. Whole body X irradiation decreased the total C14O2 respired by the spleen slices and the 24-hour samples showed the greatest decrease. In both the non-irradiated and X-irradiated mice AET did not appear to affect the total C14O2 respired by spleen slices.

EFFECT OF X IRRADIATION ON THE METABOLISM OF C14-GLUCOSE AND C14-FRUCTOSE IN RAT LIVER SLICES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
P. V. Vittorio ◽  
W. P. Spence ◽  
M. J. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Origin Area ◽  
Control Samples

The utilization of C14-glucose and C14-fructose in liver slices from normal rats and from rats exposed to 1000 r of whole-body X irradiation was studied. Liver slices prepared from normal rats were incubated with C14-glucose or C14-fructose in equivalent amounts and the incorporation of C14 into carbon dioxide, glycogen, and an ethanolic extract was determined. After the rats had been fasted 4 or 24 hours the amount of C14 incorporated into glycogen and carbon dioxide from C14-fructose was greater than that incorporated from C14-glucose but the total radioactivity in the ethanolic extracts was approximately the same for both hexoses. When liver slices prepared from normal and X-irradiated rats were incubated with C14-glucose or C14-fructose 4 or 24 hours after irradiation, the samples obtained from irradiated rats incorporated a greater amount of C14 into carbon dioxide, glycogen, and the ethanolic extract, with the exception of the 24-hour samples incubated in the presence of labelled glucose. In the latter instance incorporation into carbon dioxide fell below the normal value. The total C14 recovery from the three fractions was always higher in the X-irradiated samples than in the corresponding control samples. Further examination of the ethanolic extracts (amino acids, lactic acid, and origin area material) separated by paper partition chromatography revealed additional differences between the samples of liver from normal and X-irradiated rats in their ability to incorporate C14 from either labelled hexose. These differences were apparent in samples incubated either 4 or 24 hours after X irradiation of the animals.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Thrombosis in Normal Young, Aging, Cortisone-treated, Heparinized and X-irradiated Hamsters as Tested by Topical Application of Thrombin

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERBERT J. BERMAN ◽  
GEORGE P. FULTON ◽  
BRENTON H. LUTZ ◽  
DAVID L. PIERCE
Keyword(s):  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Platelet Thrombus

Abstract 1. Thrombin applied topically to the everted cheek pouch of the hamster produced platelet and not red thrombi in exposed, uninjured blood vessels with circulating blood. Red thrombi were produced in stagnant blood. Thrombus formation occurred in the venules for the most part and seldom in arterioles or capillaries. 2. An in vivo test for platelet thrombus susceptibility, based on the thrombin reaction and the resistance of the hamster to thrombosis, has been described. 3. Thrombus susceptibility, measured by the thrombin test, increased with age and during cortisone treatment, and decreased after heparin injection and following large doses of whole body x-irradiation. 4. The thrombin susceptibility test could be correlated with the platelet count in x-irradiated hamsters, showing a relatively critical minimum concentration of blood platelets (100,000/cu.mm.) required for platelet thrombosis. 5. The relationship of platelet concentration to platelet thrombus formation and predisposition to hemorrhage has been discussed.

scholarly journals Temperature and the Physiology of Intracellular and Extracellular Acid-Base Regulation in the Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus

1985 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris M. Wood ◽  
James N. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Muscle Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alkaline Fluid

The 14C-DMO/3H-inulin method for pHi was critically assessed in intact Callinectes and found to be reliable provided adequate equilibration time and significant radiolabel excretion were taken into account. An unusually high ‘mean whole body pHi’ (7.54 at 20°C compared with a pHa of 7.80) was due to a highly alkaline fluid compartment (pHi = 8.23) in the carapace. At 20°C the pHi of the heart was 7.35 and skeletal muscle pHi was 7.30, and there were small but consistent differences in the pHi of different muscle types. The change in pHa with temperature was −0.0151 u°C−1 between 10 and 30°C, slightly less than the slope for the neutral pH of water (ΔpN/ΔT ≃ −0.0175 u °C−1). With data corrected to constant PiCoCo2 this was associated with a change in [HCO3−]a between 10 and 20°C (−0.13 mequivl−1°C−1, constant PaCoCo2) and a change in PaCoCo2 between 20 and 30°C (+0.13Torr°C−1, constant [HCO3−]a). The disturbing effect of relatively small PiCOCO2 changes on this pattern was demonstrated. ΔpHi/ΔT slopes for all tissues except carapace were not significantly different from pHa/ΔT but generally lower than ΔpN/ΔT. The slope for the. carapace was very flat and greatly influenced the ‘mean whole body pHi’ slope (−0.0062u°C−1). In haemolymph in vitro at constant Picoco2 ‘passive’ Δ[HCO3−]/ΔT (−0.17mequivI −1°C−1) was comparable to that in vivo between 10 and 20°C, independent of absolute PCOCO2. and directly related to total protein concentration. Haemolymph non-bicarbonate buffer value (β) was similarly related to protein, but increased with temperature. Crabs subjected to an acute 20→10°C shift showed initial overshoots of pHa and pHi associated with undershoot of PaCOCO2, all of which were corrected over 24 h as [HCO3−]a rose. During this period there was a significant net uptake

The Effects of Whole-Body X-Irradiation on Mouse Liver Alpha-Hydroxy Acid Oxidase

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
S. Kleinbergs ◽  
I. A. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxy Acid ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
X Irradiation

Platelet size, ATP content, and clot retraction in relation to platelet age

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Detwiler ◽  
T. T. Odell ◽  
T. P. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Normal Populations ◽  
Platelet Size ◽  
Age Related ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Young Old

The in vivo aging of rat blood platelets has been studied by comparing the ability to promote clot retraction, size, and ATP content of young, old, and normal populations of platelets. Young platelets were obtained 2 days after injecting rats with antiplatelet serum. Old platelets were obtained by incubating fresh platelets for 2 days in rats made thrombocytopenic by 900 r of whole-body X irradiation. There was a decrease with age in the size of platelets of about 25% between young and old. There was no statistically significant age-related difference in the content of ATP when expressed as micromoles of ATP/1011 platelets or micromoles of ATP/ml of packed platelets. The clot-retracting ability of old platelets was about 10% less than that of young platelets. Constancy of ATP on the basis of both platelet number and platelet volume is not consistent with a change in platelet size. It seems probable that there was a decrease in micromoles of ATP/platelet, although it was not statistically significant. The reduction in clot retraction may be due to a small decrease in the size of the ATP pool or to an impairment of the platelet's ability to metabolize glucose for the production of the additional ATP necessary for clot retraction.

EFFECT OF X IRRADIATION ON THE METABOLISM OF C14-GLUCOSE AND C14-FRUCTOSE IN RAT LIVER SLICES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Vittorio ◽  
W. P. Spence ◽  
M. J. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Origin Area ◽  
Control Samples

The utilization of C14-glucose and C14-fructose in liver slices from normal rats and from rats exposed to 1000 r of whole-body X irradiation was studied. Liver slices prepared from normal rats were incubated with C14-glucose or C14-fructose in equivalent amounts and the incorporation of C14 into carbon dioxide, glycogen, and an ethanolic extract was determined. After the rats had been fasted 4 or 24 hours the amount of C14 incorporated into glycogen and carbon dioxide from C14-fructose was greater than that incorporated from C14-glucose but the total radioactivity in the ethanolic extracts was approximately the same for both hexoses. When liver slices prepared from normal and X-irradiated rats were incubated with C14-glucose or C14-fructose 4 or 24 hours after irradiation, the samples obtained from irradiated rats incorporated a greater amount of C14 into carbon dioxide, glycogen, and the ethanolic extract, with the exception of the 24-hour samples incubated in the presence of labelled glucose. In the latter instance incorporation into carbon dioxide fell below the normal value. The total C14 recovery from the three fractions was always higher in the X-irradiated samples than in the corresponding control samples. Further examination of the ethanolic extracts (amino acids, lactic acid, and origin area material) separated by paper partition chromatography revealed additional differences between the samples of liver from normal and X-irradiated rats in their ability to incorporate C14 from either labelled hexose. These differences were apparent in samples incubated either 4 or 24 hours after X irradiation of the animals.

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