RELATIONS THYROÏDE–SURRÉNALES DANS L'ADAPTATION AU FROID

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
André DesMarais
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acid Administration

Recent studies have stressed the relations between the thyroid and adrenal glands. A review of the literature on this subject leads to the hypothesis that a quantitative relationship between the thyroid and corticoadrenal hormones seems to play an important part in the defence of the organism exposed to cold. Experimental work on normal, adrenalectomized, thyroidectomized, and adrenalectomized–thyroidectomized rats receiving various doses of cortisone and (or) thyroxine emphasizes the existence of such a quantitative relation between thyroxine and cortisone. The administration of thyroxine can prevent the catabolic action of cortisone in animals exposed to cold. Analysis of the results seems to show that exposure to cold is not a stress, provided the increase in thyroid function is sufficient to meet the requirements of the organism. From these experiments and other results obtained in this laboratory, a new basis can be laid down for the understanding of the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid in animals exposed to cold. It has been shown repeatedly that administration of ascorbic acid can prevent to some extent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It has also been observed that ascorbic acid administration decreases the degree of thyroid hyperactivity in animals exposed to cold. On the other hand, it has been shown that thyroxine administration can also prevent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It seems logical to assume that ascorbic acid might, in some way, reduce the thyroid hormone requirements of the cold exposed animals. Up to the present, only indirect evidence of such a mechanism has been obtained; it is hoped that further experimentation will provide a definite insight into this problem.

RELATIONS THYROÏDE–SURRÉNALES DANS L'ADAPTATION AU FROID

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
André DesMarais
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acid Administration

Recent studies have stressed the relations between the thyroid and adrenal glands. A review of the literature on this subject leads to the hypothesis that a quantitative relationship between the thyroid and corticoadrenal hormones seems to play an important part in the defence of the organism exposed to cold. Experimental work on normal, adrenalectomized, thyroidectomized, and adrenalectomized–thyroidectomized rats receiving various doses of cortisone and (or) thyroxine emphasizes the existence of such a quantitative relation between thyroxine and cortisone. The administration of thyroxine can prevent the catabolic action of cortisone in animals exposed to cold. Analysis of the results seems to show that exposure to cold is not a stress, provided the increase in thyroid function is sufficient to meet the requirements of the organism. From these experiments and other results obtained in this laboratory, a new basis can be laid down for the understanding of the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid in animals exposed to cold. It has been shown repeatedly that administration of ascorbic acid can prevent to some extent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It has also been observed that ascorbic acid administration decreases the degree of thyroid hyperactivity in animals exposed to cold. On the other hand, it has been shown that thyroxine administration can also prevent the catabolic effects of exposure to cold. It seems logical to assume that ascorbic acid might, in some way, reduce the thyroid hormone requirements of the cold exposed animals. Up to the present, only indirect evidence of such a mechanism has been obtained; it is hoped that further experimentation will provide a definite insight into this problem.

EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO COLD AND OF DIET ON COENZYME A LEVELS IN TISSUES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
James Campbell ◽  
Gordon R. Green ◽  
Eduard Schönbaum ◽  
Harvey Socol
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Complete Diet

Exposure of adult rats to a cold environment increased the coenzyme A (CoA) extractable from their livers. The increases, in rats fed a complete diet, were found within 3 days, and were larger the longer the duration of exposure, amounting to 6, 27, and 60% above the control values after 3, 17, and 24 days respectively. The relations were similar when the CoA from the liver was expressed per unit weight of fresh tissue, or of liver total solids, or of whole body. When rats were fed a diet deficient in pantothenic acid, exposure to cold also resulted in elevation of CoA in the liver, but the differences did not progress with the duration of exposure. The liver CoA was further increased by the addition of large amounts of ascorbic acid to both the complete and the pantothenate-deficient diets. This effect of ascorbic acid occurred in rats under both ordinary and cold environmental conditions. Exposure to cold did not alter the concentration of CoA in the adrenal glands, but caused enlargement of the glands so that the amount of CoA in the adrenal per unit weight of the whole body increased. Other alterations in these animals exposed to cold included enlargement of the kidneys and heart, and decrease in depot fat. Deficiency of pantothenate in the diet slowed the rate of growth of young rats and significantly reduced the levels of CoA in the liver and the adrenal glands.

INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE TO COLD AND ASCORBIC ACID ADMINISTRATION ON THE WEIGHT AND THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF HYPO- PHYSECTOMIZED RATS GIVEN ACTH

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 677-680
Author(s):  
L.-P. Dugal ◽  
A. Desmarais ◽  
P. M. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Acid Administration

Modification of the response of the adrenal gland to ACTH was observed in hypophysectomized rats exposed to cold with or without ascorbic acid treatment. Changes in weight and metabolic activity of the gland were used to measure the adrenal response. All comparisons were made between the left and the right adrenal of each animal before and after treatment. The results obtained show that cold stress increases the response of the adrenal to a standard dose of two units of ACTH; they also indicate that ascorbic acid administration increases so much the responsiveness of the adrenal gland to ACTH at room temperature that such a response is not enhanced by exposure to cold.

EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO COLD AND OF DIET ON COENZYME A LEVELS IN TISSUES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Campbell ◽  
Gordon R. Green ◽  
Eduard Schönbaum ◽  
Harvey Socol
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Complete Diet

Exposure of adult rats to a cold environment increased the coenzyme A (CoA) extractable from their livers. The increases, in rats fed a complete diet, were found within 3 days, and were larger the longer the duration of exposure, amounting to 6, 27, and 60% above the control values after 3, 17, and 24 days respectively. The relations were similar when the CoA from the liver was expressed per unit weight of fresh tissue, or of liver total solids, or of whole body. When rats were fed a diet deficient in pantothenic acid, exposure to cold also resulted in elevation of CoA in the liver, but the differences did not progress with the duration of exposure. The liver CoA was further increased by the addition of large amounts of ascorbic acid to both the complete and the pantothenate-deficient diets. This effect of ascorbic acid occurred in rats under both ordinary and cold environmental conditions. Exposure to cold did not alter the concentration of CoA in the adrenal glands, but caused enlargement of the glands so that the amount of CoA in the adrenal per unit weight of the whole body increased. Other alterations in these animals exposed to cold included enlargement of the kidneys and heart, and decrease in depot fat. Deficiency of pantothenate in the diet slowed the rate of growth of young rats and significantly reduced the levels of CoA in the liver and the adrenal glands.

INFLUENCE OF EXPOSURE TO COLD AND ASCORBIC ACID ADMINISTRATION ON THE WEIGHT AND THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF HYPO- PHYSECTOMIZED RATS GIVEN ACTH

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-680
Author(s):  
L.-P. Dugal ◽  
A. Desmarais ◽  
P. M. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Acid Administration

Modification of the response of the adrenal gland to ACTH was observed in hypophysectomized rats exposed to cold with or without ascorbic acid treatment. Changes in weight and metabolic activity of the gland were used to measure the adrenal response. All comparisons were made between the left and the right adrenal of each animal before and after treatment. The results obtained show that cold stress increases the response of the adrenal to a standard dose of two units of ACTH; they also indicate that ascorbic acid administration increases so much the responsiveness of the adrenal gland to ACTH at room temperature that such a response is not enhanced by exposure to cold.

THE FUNCTION OF ADRENALINE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PITUITARY ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC ACTIVITY

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. HODGES
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Pre Treatment

1. Subcutaneous injections of l-adrenaline caused adrenal ascorbic acid depletion in normal rats. 2. Previous treatment of rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate ('DCA') prevented the fall in adrenal ascorbic acid concentration caused by the administration of adrenaline. A quantitative relationship existed between the dose of adrenaline injected and the dose of DCA required to prevent its effect. 3. The application of stress stimuli resulted in a rapid fall in the ascorbic acid concentration in the demedullated adrenal glands of rats. Maximal effects were obtained as soon after the performance of the operations as in rats with normal adrenal glands. 4. Pre-treatment of adrenal-demedullated rats with DCA diminished the fall in adrenal ascorbic acid concentration caused by stress. The doses of DCA required to prevent completely the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion due to stress were of the same order as those required to produce the same effect in normal animals. 5. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.

Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the health-beneficial effects of music in people living with dementia: A systematic review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 113338
Author(s):  
Mareike C. Sittler ◽  
Florian Worschech ◽  
Gabriele Wilz ◽  
Andreas Fellgiebel ◽  
Alexandra Wuttke-Linnemann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects

scholarly journals Effects of Isochoric Freezing Conditions on Cut Potato Quality

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Yuanheng Zhao ◽  
Cristina Bilbao-Sainz ◽  
Delilah Wood ◽  
Bor-Sen Chiou ◽  
Matthew J. Powell-Palm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
C 71 ◽  
Frozen Potatoes ◽  
Full Factorial

Isochoric freezing is a pressure freezing technique that could be used to retain the beneficial effects of food storage at temperatures below their freezing point without ice damage. In this study, potato cylinders were frozen in an isochoric system and examined using full factorial combinations of three processing procedures (immersed in water, vacuum-packed and immersed in ascorbic acid solution), four freezing temperatures/pressures (−3 °C/37 MPa, −6 °C/71 MPa, −9 °C/101 MPa and −15 °C/156 MPa) and two average compression rates (less than 0.02 and more than 0.16 MPa/s). The effects of process variables on critical quality attributes of frozen potatoes after thawing were investigated, including mass change, volume change, water holding capacity, color and texture. Processing procedure and freezing temperature/pressure were found to be highly significant factors, whereas the significance of the compression rate was lower. For the processing procedures, immersion in an isotonic solution of 5% ascorbic acid best preserved quality attributes. At the highest pressure level of 156 MPa and low compression rate of 0.02 MPa/s, potato samples immersed in ascorbic acid retained their color, 98.5% mass and 84% elasticity modulus value. These samples also showed a 1% increase in volume and 13% increase in maximum stress due to pressure-induced hardening.

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